Human error is cited over and over as a cause of incidents and accidents. The result is a widespread perception of a 'human error problem', and solutions are thought to lie in changing the people or their role in the system. For example, we should reduce the human role with more automation, or regiment human behavior by stricter monitoring, rules or procedures. But in practice, things have proved not to be this simple. The label 'human error' is prejudicial and hides much more than it reveals about how a system functions or malfunctions. This book takes you behind the human error label. Divided into five parts, it begins by summarising the most significant research results. Part 2 explores how systems thinking has radically changed our understanding of how accidents occur. Part 3 explains the role of cognitive system factors - bringing knowledge to bear, changing mindset as situations and priorities change, and managing goal conflicts - in operating safely at the sharp end of systems. Part 4 studies how the clumsy use of computer technology can increase the potential for erroneous actions and assessments in many different fields of practice. And Part 5 tells how the hindsight bias always enters into attributions of error, so that what we label human error actually is the result of a social and psychological judgment process by stakeholders in the system in question to focus on only a facet of a set of interacting contributors. If you think you have a human error problem, recognize that the label itself is no explanation and no guide to countermeasures. The potential for constructive change, for progress on safety, lies behind the human error label.
Nothing has been more prolific over the past century than human/machine interaction. Automobiles, telephones, computers, manufacturing machines, robots, office equipment, machines large and small; all affect the very essence of our daily lives. However, this interaction has not always been efficient or easy and has at times turned fairly hazardous.
Our fascination with new technologies is based on the assumption that more powerful automation will overcome human limitations and make our systems 'faster, better, cheaper,' resulting in simple, easy tasks for people. But how does new technology and more powerful automation change our work? Research in Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) l
For Resilience Engineering, 'failure' is the result of the adaptations necessary to cope with the complexity of the real world, rather than a breakdown or malfunction. The performance of individuals and organizations must continually adjust to current conditions and, because resources and time are finite, such adjustments are always approximate. This definitive new book explores this groundbreaking new development in safety and risk management, where 'success' is based on the ability of organizations, groups and individuals to anticipate the changing shape of risk before failures and harm occur. Featuring contributions from many of the worlds leading figures in the fields of human factors and safety, Resilience Engineering provides thought-provoking insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components, subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviours, and the way in which they interact. The book provides an introduction to Resilience Engineering of systems, covering both the theoretical and practical aspects. It is written for those responsible for system safety on managerial or operational levels alike, including safety managers and engineers (line and maintenance), security experts, risk and safety consultants, human factors professionals and accident investigators.
Well organized and easy to read, Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care, 5th Edition, takes an accessible, step-by-step approach to describing the commonly used primary care procedures that facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective patient management. This practical, clinically-focused text offers succinct descriptions of today's most frequently encountered optometric techniques supported by research-based evidence. You'll find essential instructions for mastering the procedures you need to know, including recent technical advances in the field. - Discusses technical advances that are dramatically altering optometry: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and ultra-wide field imaging (optomaps). - Presents outstanding new digital images of OCT cases and optomaps for a wide variety of conditions of the central and peripheral retina. - Focuses on evidence-based optometry; all procedures include a section that reviews when and how the procedure should be measured and uses clinical wisdom in addition to research-based evidence. - Presents new digital images of normal variations of the eye – crucial visual support for understanding what is normal and what is disease. - Helps you clearly visualize procedures and eye disorders through full-color photographs, diagrams, and video clips. - Provides fully revised print on dry eye assessment based on the latest international Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) guidelines. - Features coverage of changes in the eye due to high myopia, and expounds the need for myopia control techniques. - Offers extensive material online to enhance learning: video clips, interactive testing sections, additional photographs, and more. - Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Featuring the most accurate, current, and clinically relevant information available, Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada, 2nd Edition, combines essential maternity and pediatric nursing information in one text. The promotion of wellness and the care for women experiencing common health concerns throughout the lifespan, care in childbearing, as well as the health care of children and child development in the context of the family. Health problems including physiological dysfunctions and children with special needs and illnesses are also featured. This text provides a family-centred care approach that recognizes the importance of collaboration with families when providing care. Atraumatic Care boxes in the pediatric unit teach you how to provide competent and effective care to pediatric patients with the least amount of physical or psychological stress. Nursing Alerts point students to critical information that must be considered in providing care. Community Focus boxes emphasize community issues, supply resources and guidance, and illustrate nursing care in a variety of settings. Critical thinking case studies offer opportunities to test and develop analytical skills and apply knowledge in various settings. Emergency boxes guide you through step-by-step emergency procedures. Family-Centred Teaching boxes highlight the needs or concerns of families that you should consider to provide family-centred care. NEW! Content updates throughout the text give you the latest information on topics such as perinatal standards, mental health issues during pregnancy, developmental and neurological issues in pediatrics, new guidelines including SOGC, and CAPWHN, NEW! Increased coverage on health care in the LGBTQ community and First Nations, Metis, and Inuit population NEW! Medication Alerts stress medication safety concerns for better therapeutic management. NEW! Safety Alerts highlighted and integrated within the content draw attention to developing competencies related to safe nursing practice.
This book traces the 30 year development by surgeons and engineers in Oxford of a unique method of unicompartmental knee replacement with the 'Oxford Knee' prosthesis.
Based on insights from interviews with key participants in 3 Australian jurisdictions, this book demonstrates the importance of connecting criminal legal system struggles with broader movements for community control, self-determination, and sovereignty.
This study of US and Soviet aid efforts in India during the Cold War “makes a major contribution towards a necessary discussion of the politics of aid” (Times Higher Education). Debates over foreign aid are often strangely ahistorical. Economists argue about how to make aid work while critics bemoan money wasted on corruption, ignoring the fundamentally political character of aid. The Price of Aid turns the standard debate on its head. By exposing the geopolitical calculus underpinning development assistance, it also exposes its costs. India stood at the center of American and Soviet aid competition throughout the Cold War, as both superpowers saw developmental aid as a way of pursuing their geopolitical goals by economic means. Drawing on recently declassified files from seven countries, David Engerman shows how Indian leaders used Cold War competition to win battles at home, eroding the Indian state in the process. As China spends freely in Africa, the political stakes of foreign aid are rising once again. “A superb, field-changing book . . . A true classic.” —Sunil Amrith
Conventional historical and political analyses of South Africa have frequently neglected the vital role of sport in general, and rugby in particular. This book fills the gap through a critical interpretation of rugby's role in the development of white society, its role in shaping significant social divisions, and its centrality to the apartheid era "power elite".
The most comprehensive textbook/reference ever to cover the chemical basis of life, the "Green Bible of Biochemistry" has been a well-respected contribution to the field for more than twenty years. The complex structures that make up cells are described in detail, along with the forces that hold them together, and the chemical reactions that allow for recognition, signaling and movement. There is ample information on the human body, its genome, and the action of muscles, eyes, and the brain. The complete set deals with the natural world, treating the metabolism of bacteria, toxins, antibiotics, specialized compounds made by plants, photosynthesis, luminescence of fireflies, among many other topics.* The most comprehensive biochemistry text reference available on the market* Organized into two volumes, comprising 32 chapters and containing the latest research in the field* Biological content is emphasized: for example, macromolecular structures and enzyme action are discussed
This must-have book for every fan of HBO's hit show The Sopranos packs five scripts from the best episodes, handpicked by series creator David Chase. The Sopranos is HBO's TV show about your average New Jersey mafia capo, with major headaches. His mother wants him dead, his psychiatrist makes him nuts, and the FBI takes an unhealthy interest in his business. Here are the complete scripts from five of the best episodes: "Pilot"-Tony's shrink sessions focus on ducks in his swimming pool while he plans to blow up a restaurant. "College"-While driving his daughter to college interviews, Tony discovers and garrotes a mob informant who betrayed his family. "The Happy Wanderer"-David Scatino loses his son's SUV to Tony in a high-stakes poker game. "The Knight in White Satin Armor"-Tony's Russian mistress attempts suicide, and his sister shoots her fiancé. "Pine Barrens"-Christopher and Paulie try to dispose of a murdered Russian gangster who turns out to be very much alive.
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