Following major welfare reform in 1996, the number of families receiving cash assistance was cut in half to 2 million. While many former recipients now rely more on their earnings, they often work at low-wage jobs with limited benefits & advancement opportunities. To better understand how to help these individuals & their families attain economic self-sufficiency, this is a report on: (1) strategies designed to increase income for TANF recipients through employment; (2) the key factors related to implementing & operating such strategies; & (3) actions the Dept. of Health & Human Services has taken to facilitate the use of these strategies. Experts were consulted to gather info. about promising strategies; 26 programs were visited. Charts & tables.
Minority children -- who made up over 60% of those in foster care -- waited twice as long for permanent homes as did other foster children, because there were fewer minority parents in the pool of foster and adoptive parents. The Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994, as amended in 1996, sought to decrease the length of time that children wait to be adopted by eliminating race-related barriers to placement. This report provides information on (1) efforts by federal, state, and local agencies in foster care and adoption placement policy and guidance, and technical assistance; (2) the challenges all levels of government face to change placement practices.
As the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant has been implemented by the states, the Congress has asked questions about a broad range of issues concerning welfare reform's consequences. This report examines: (1) the type of data that will be available from national surveys and studies of welfare reform to help assess progress towards TANF's goals, and (2) the usefulness of the data for assessing TANF's progress nationwide. The major objective was to examine data already collected by national surveys of low-income families and for major studies of welfare reform to identify data available for use in a comprehensive assessment of TANF for the reauth. debate. Ill.
Recent increases in child obesity have sparked concerns about competitive foods (CF) -- foods sold to students in school that are not part of federally reimbursable school meals. The nutritional value of these foods is unregulated, & students can purchase these foods in addition to or instead of school meals. This report provides info. from two nationally representative surveys about the prevalence of CF in schools, CF restrictions & groups involved in their sale, & the amounts & uses of revenue generated from the sale of CF. It also provides info. about strategies schools have used to limit the availability of less nutritious CF, based on visits to 6 school districts in Calif., Conn., Mississippi, Missouri, & South Carolina. Charts & tables.
Federal agencies that administer means-tested programs are responsible for both ensuring that people have appropriate access to assistance & ensuring the integrity of the programs they oversee. Knowing the proportion of the population that qualifies for these programs relative to the numbers who actually participate can help ensure that agencies can monitor & communicate key info. on program access. This report provides info. on: the proportion of those eligible who are participating in 12 selected low-income programs; factors that influence participation in those programs; & strategies used by fed., state, & local admin. to improve both access & integrity & whether agencies monitor access by measuring participation rates. Illus.
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program introduced specific work requirements & benefit time limits. However, the Family Violence Option (FVO) requires states that adopt the FVO to screen TANF clients for domestic violence (DV) & grant waivers from program requirements for clients in DV situations. TANF also allows the use of TANF funds for marriage & responsible fatherhood programs. This report examines: (1) how states identify victims of DV among TANF recipients; (2) how states address DV among TANF recipients once they are identified; & (3) the extent to which states spend TANF funds on marriage & responsible fatherhood programs, & how, if at all, these programs are addressing DV. Charts & tables.
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