Fossil-fuel depletion and attempts at global-warming mitigation have motivated the development of biofuels. Several feedstock and transformation pathways into biofuel have been proposed as an alternative to the usual fuels. Recently, microalgae have attracted a good deal of attention because of the promise of reduced competition with food crops and lowered environmental impacts. Over the last years, several life-cycle assessments (LCAs) have been realized to evaluate the energy benefit and potential global-warming reduction of biofuel and bioenergy produced from microalgae. This chapter presents a bibliographic review of 15 LCAs of microalgae production and/or transformation into biofuel. These studies often differ by the perimeter of the study, the functional unit, and the production technologies or characteristics. Methods for environmental impact assessment and the energy balance computation also diverge. This review aims to identify the main options and variations among LCAs and concludes with some recommendations and guidelines to improve the contribution of an LCA and to facilitate comparisons among studies.
Fossil-fuel depletion and attempts at global-warming mitigation have motivated the development of biofuels. Several feedstock and transformation pathways into biofuel have been proposed as an alternative to the usual fuels. Recently, microalgae have attracted a good deal of attention because of the promise of reduced competition with food crops and lowered environmental impacts. Over the last years, several life-cycle assessments (LCAs) have been realized to evaluate the energy benefit and potential global-warming reduction of biofuel and bioenergy produced from microalgae. This chapter presents a bibliographic review of 15 LCAs of microalgae production and/or transformation into biofuel. These studies often differ by the perimeter of the study, the functional unit, and the production technologies or characteristics. Methods for environmental impact assessment and the energy balance computation also diverge. This review aims to identify the main options and variations among LCAs and concludes with some recommendations and guidelines to improve the contribution of an LCA and to facilitate comparisons among studies.
Neurosurgery is a rapidly developing field of medicine. Therefore, staying keeping track of the advancements in the field is paramount for trainees as well as fully trained neurosurgeons. This book, fully available online, is a part of our effort of improving availability of medical information for anyone who needs to keep up-to-date.
Multicriteria Analysis and LCA Techniques introduces the reader to the basic principles of multicriteria analysis (MCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques. The use of these tools is rapidly becoming essential in any feasibility study for comparing different solutions, selecting the most suitable ones, and for analyzing the interface of economy and environment. The main feature of Multicriteria Analysis and LCA Techniques is the application of a new approach to the analysis of energy balance and environmental impact of agro-industrial production chains. It gives detailed descriptions of a number of food and non-food agro-industrial applications of MCA and LCA, thereby providing the reader with practical examples of the implementation of these tools in the field of agro-industry. Multicriteria Analysis and LCA Techniques represents a subsidiary reference book for both undergraduate and graduate students, and can also be used for basic or applied academic research.
Una guida al celebre personaggio, illustrata con numerose fotografie e poster. Il libro comprende cast, trame e commenti di film, adattamenti teatrali, romanzi e fumetti, in un arco di oltre 130 anni. An a-z guide to the famous detective, illustrated with numerous photographs and posters. The book includes cast, storylines and film comments, theatrical adaptations, novels and comics, in over 100 years.
Teaching and Mobile Learning: Interactive Educational Design is a groundbreaking book which shows how to design innovative educational mobile learning environments to instructional designers, curriculum developers, and learning professionals. The book aims to solicit teachers, educators, and practitioners to adapt their teaching with the help of educational digital models related to mobile technologies. Mobile learning is a revolution in concepts like space, sound production, and learning to get more and more customized in always-connected and ever-changing educational mobile learning environments. Researchers and academicians can be trained in cognition processes in learning management of mixed reality and virtual bodies. Mixed reality mobile technologies are becoming tools for education and training in mixed reality mobile learning. Readers of this book will understand how user and device innovative interactions are borderline with attention deficit disorder, digital amnesia, and information overload. The book develops educational knowledge on how to manage mobile technology and specific learning disorders to monitor the use of smartphones and technology tools and to empower their role in learning enhancement processes.
This book explores Italian science fiction from 1861, the year of Italy’s unification, to the present day, focusing on how this genre helped shape notions of Otherness and Normalness. In particular, Italian Science Fiction draws upon critical race studies, postcolonial theory, and feminist studies to explore how migration, colonialism, multiculturalism, and racism have been represented in genre film and literature. Topics include the role of science fiction in constructing a national identity; the representation and self-representation of “alien” immigrants in Italy; the creation of internal “Others,” such as southerners and Roma; the intersections of gender and race discrimination; and Italian science fiction’s transnational dialogue with foreign science fiction. This book reveals that though it is arguably a minor genre in Italy, science fiction offers an innovative interpretive angle for rethinking Italian history and imagining future change in Italian society.
First published in 1999, the main feature of this book is its multidisciplinary nature, since the book focuses on the complexity of spatial/ economic networks from several methodological points of view. For this purpose both theoretical and empirical works have been included. The aim of the book is to provide an updated and fresh look at the mentioned issue with innovative and creative papers coming from leading experts belonging to different disciplines. Therefore the book could be considered as an expert and critical guide - through different methodological approaches - to the topic of (complex) networks in the space-economy. All the contributions provide innovative and in some cases provocative elements to the understanding of networks and development over space.
Questo libro nasce dall'idea di fornire sia ai lettori appassionati di storia degli scacchi sia agli studiosi specialisti uno strumento di consultazione rapido ed efficace, vale a dire un indice bio-bibliografico degli scacchisti attivi in Sicilia dal 1500 fino al 1975. La chiave che ho privilegiato è l'attività scacchistica documentata in tale ambito geografico a prescindere dal luogo di nascita dello scacchista. Per questo criterio si spiega la presenza di scacchisti sia siciliani, sia italiani ma non siciliani, sia stranieri ma residenti per un certo arco di tempo o in modo permanente in Sicilia.
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