Daniela Muhaj's Books

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Improving Youth Labor Market Outcomes in Emerging Market and Developing Economies

By: Mr.JaeBin Ahn,Zidong An,Mr.John C Bluedorn,Gabriele Ciminelli,Zsoka Koczan,Mr.Davide Malacrino,Daniela Muhaj,Patricia Neidlinger

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Work In Progress

Improving Youth Labor Market Outcomes in Emerging Market and Developing Economies

By: Mr.JaeBin Ahn,Zidong An,Mr.John C Bluedorn,Gabriele Ciminelli,Zsoka Koczan,Mr.Davide Malacrino,Daniela Muhaj,Patricia Neidlinger

Economic development and growth depend on a country’s young people. With most of their working life ahead of them they make up about a third of the working-age population in the typical emerging market and developing economy. But the youth in these economies face a daunting labor market—about 20 percent of them are neither employed, in school, nor in training (the youth inactivity rate). This is double the share in the average advanced economy. Were nothing else to change, bringing youth inactivity in these economies down to what it is in advanced economies and getting those inactive young people into new jobs would have a striking effect. The working-age employment rate in the average emerging market and developing economy would rise more than 3 percentage points, and real output would get a 5 percent boost.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1484394658

ISBN 13

9781484394656

Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States

By: Ali Alichi,Rodrigo Mariscal,Daniela Muhaj

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Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States

By: Ali Alichi,Rodrigo Mariscal,Daniela Muhaj

Data show that middle-income households have continued moving down, and less so up, the income distribution in the United States since the 1970s—a phenomenon that is often referred to as the polarization or “hollowing out” of the income distribution. While the level of income polarization is generally lower in the richer states (i.e., those with higher median household income levels), there have been wide variations in the changes in income polarization over time across states. The paper develops two indices to measure income polarization including a novel hollowing-out index. Another important contribution of the paper is to examine the proximate causes of income polarization. The econometric analysis is done at both state and household levels. The results suggest that technology, measured by job routinization, and international trade, measured by job offshoring, can fully explain the non-trend rise in income polarization, with broadly equal contributions. Household characteristics, including age, education, race, and gender have also been important drivers but with a net countervailing effect on income polarization. This is mainly thanks to the rising education level of households, which has led to better incomes.

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