Abstraction is a fundamental mechanism underlying both human and artificial perception, representation of knowledge, reasoning and learning. This mechanism plays a crucial role in many disciplines, notably Computer Programming, Natural and Artificial Vision, Complex Systems, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Art, and Cognitive Sciences. This book first provides the reader with an overview of the notions of abstraction proposed in various disciplines by comparing both commonalities and differences. After discussing the characterizing properties of abstraction, a formal model, the KRA model, is presented to capture them. This model makes the notion of abstraction easily applicable by means of the introduction of a set of abstraction operators and abstraction patterns, reusable across different domains and applications. It is the impact of abstraction in Artificial Intelligence, Complex Systems and Machine Learning which creates the core of the book. A general framework, based on the KRA model, is presented, and its pragmatic power is illustrated with three case studies: Model-based diagnosis, Cartographic Generalization, and learning Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models.
While media buzz regularly circulates around iPhone and Android, Nokia still leads the pack in terms of world market share. Symbian, for instance, remains the most widely used mobile operating system. With Nokia's open development platform, the opportunities available for mobile developers to target this vastly popular operating system are abundant and clear. Use Qt to target both platforms: Symbian, the most widely used mobile operating system in the world, as well as MeeGo, the Intel/Nokia platform for mobile devices. Develop HTML5 applications for both Symbian and MeeGo platforms that will run with little modification on other mobile platforms. Novice developers learn the basics of Qt with a mobile slant, giving them the ability to target both desktop and mobile platforms.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation, SARA 2005, held in Airth Castle, Scotland, UK in July 2005. The 17 revised full papers and 8 extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. Also included are 3 invited papers and 8 research summaries. All current aspects of abstraction, reformulation, and approximation in the context of human common-sense reasoning, problem solving, and efficiently reasoning in complex domains are addressed. Among the application fields of these techniques are automatic programming, constraint satisfaction, design, diagnosis, machine learning, search, planning, reasoning, game playing, scheduling, and theorem proving.
Written by members of the Symbian platform team, this book is the first of its kind to address developing with Qt, the cross-platform application development framework. If you’re a beginner, it will bring you up to speed, and if you’re an experienced Qt developer, it will expand your knowledge of the mobile aspects of the Qt platform. You’ll learn to build consoles, UIs, and more for Symbian-based smartphones and other devices. The advantage of Qt is that it’s cross platform, and it’s soon to be available on the most widely used smartphone operating system, Symbian. Existing Qt developers will benefit from the opportunity to deploy their code base to millions of new users. This book explains how. New Qt developers will learn the basics of Qt with a mobile slant, giving them the ability to target both desktop and mobile platforms.
Decision support systems (DSS) have evolved over the past four decades from theoretical concepts into real world computerized applications. DSS architecture contains three key components: knowledge base, computerized model, and user interface. DSS simulate cognitive decision-making functions of humans based on artificial intelligence methodologies (including expert systems, data mining, machine learning, connectionism, logistical reasoning, etc.) in order to perform decision support functions. The applications of DSS cover many domains, ranging from aviation monitoring, transportation safety, clinical diagnosis, weather forecast, business management to internet search strategy. By combining knowledge bases with inference rules, DSS are able to provide suggestions to end users to improve decisions and outcomes. This book is written as a textbook so that it can be used in formal courses examining decision support systems. It may be used by both undergraduate and graduate students from diverse computer-related fields. It will also be of value to established professionals as a text for self-study or for reference.
Daniel Kahneman adalah salah satu pemikir paling penting abad ini. Gagasannya berdampak mendalam dan luas di berbagai bidangÑtermasuk ekonomi, pengobatan, dan politik. Dalam buku yang sangat dinanti-nantikan ini, Kahneman menjelaskan dua sistem yang mendorong cara kita berpikir. Sistem 1 bersifat cepat, intuitif, dan emosional; Sistem 2 lebih pelan, lebih bertujuan, dan lebih logis. Kahneman menunjukkan kemampuan luar biasaÑjuga kekurangan dan bias yang dimiliki olehÑberpikir cepat, serta mengungkapkan dampak kesan intuitif pada pikiran dan perilaku kita. Dengan mengetahui cara kedua sistem itu membentuk penilaian dan keputusan kita, kita bisa memahami, antara lain: ¥ Dampak dari hilangnya antusiasme dan terlalu besarnya kepercayaan pada strategi korporat ¥ Sulitnya memprediksi apa yang membuat kita bahagia kelak ¥ Tantangan untuk membuat kerangka yang jelas tentang risiko di tempat kerja serta rumah ¥ Dampak mendalam dari bias kognitif pada segala sesuatu, mulai dari bertransaksi di pasar bursa sampai merencanakan liburan berikutnya Kahneman mengungkapkan ke mana kita bisa dan tidak bisa memercayakan intuisi kita serta bagaimana kita bisa menarik manfaat dari berpikir lambat. Dia menawarkan pemahaman praktis dan mencerahkan tentang cara menentukan pilihan dalam bisnis serta kehidupan pribadiÑserta bagaimana kita bisa menggunakan teknik berbeda untuk mengatasi kesalahan yang kerap mendatangkan masalah bagi kita.
This book is a collection of 91 fundamental quotes and aphorisms of Jose Marti: "Others go to bed with their mistresses; I with my ideas." "A selfish man is a thief." "Peoples are made of hate and of love, and more of hate than love. But love, like the sun that it is, sets afire and melts everything." "Liberty is the essence of life. Whatever is done without it is imperfect." "Life on earth is a hand-to-hand mortal combat... between the law of love and the law of hate.
Welcome to my Healthy Desserts! Desserts haben oft einen schlechten Ruf. Aufgrund ihrer Hauptbestandteile wie Zucker, Sahne, Mascarpone und Butter gelten sie als sehr ungesund. Sie werden sogar als wahre Kalorienbomben bezeichnet. Mit meinen Rezepten und den darin enthaltenen Zutaten möchte ich zeigen, dass sie diesen Ruf absolut nicht verdient haben und Desserts auch gesund und trotzdem sehr lecker und nährstoffreich sein können. Herkömmliche Desserts haben aufgrund ihrer hohen Kalorienanzahl oft keinen Platz in einer gesunden und ausgewogenen Ernährung. Deshalb habe ich das Ganze umgeworfen und die nachfolgenden Rezepte für euch kreiert und zusammengestellt. Meine Rezepte ermöglichen es euch, zu naschen, zu schlemmen und euch etwas zu gönnen – egal, wie ihr es nennen möchtet - ohne ein "schlechtes" Gewissen zu haben. Meine 20 besten Rezepte habe ich hier gesammelt, um diese mit euch zu teilen. Ich möchte euch von einer ausgewogenen und gesunden Ernährungsweise überzeugen und euch zeigen, dass es nicht schwierig ist, sich gesund zu ernähren. Ganz im Gegenteil, es kann sogar sehr einfach und lecker sein! In diesem E-Book steckt wahnsinnig viel Aufwand, Energie und meine ganze Leidenschaft. Selbstverständlich habe ich jedes einzelne Rezept mehrmals für euch ausprobiert und immer wieder optimiert, so dass ihr die perfekten Rezepte erhaltet. Ich habe die Rezepte auch auf meinem Instagram Account (@wurmdan) geteilt und dafür überwältigendes Feedback bekommen. Das hat mich unglaublich motiviert und deshalb habe ich keine Kosten und Mühen gescheut und dieses E-Book verfasst. Meine Rezepte decken alle Geschmäcker und verschiedene Ernährungsformen wie Low Carb, Low Fat, Low Calorie und High Protein, sogar glutenfrei, ab. Viel Spaß beim Nachbacken und beim Dessert genießen! Gerne könnt ihr eure nachgebackenen Meisterwerke auch auf Instagram posten und mich natürlich gerne auch mit meinem Account (@wurmdan) markieren.
Die ultimativen Drinks für die Hausbar! Ob leichte Aperitifs für laue Sommernächte, den klassischen Mojito für jeden Anlass oder spannende Non-Alcoholic-Drinks. Hier gibt's die beliebtesten Cocktails und das Know-how, wie sie perfekt zubereitet werden für bodenständige Drink-Liebhaber oder anspruchsvolle Cocktailians. Mit vielen Geheimtipps und Bartender-Tricks für den besten Geschmack im Glas.
Queer Democracy undertakes an interdisciplinary critical investigation of the centuries-old metaphor of society as a body, drawing on queer and transgender accounts of embodiment as a constructive resource for reimagining politics and society. Daniel Miller argues that this metaphor has consistently expressed a desire for social and political order, grounded in the social body’s imagined normative shape or morphology. The consistent result, from the “concord” discourses of the pre-Christian Stoics, all the way through to contemporary nationalism and populism, has been the suppression of any dissent that would unmake the social body’s presumed normativity. Miller argues that the conception of embodiment at the heart of the metaphor is a fantasy, and that negative social and political reactions to dissent represent visceral, dysphoric responses to its reshaping of the social body. He argues that social body’s essential queerness, defined by fluidity and lack of a fixed morphology, spawns queer democracy, expressed through ongoing social and political practices that aim to extend liberty and equality to new social domains. Queer Democracy articulates a new departure for the ongoing development of theoretical articulations linking queer and trans theory with political theory. It will appeal to both academic and non-academic readers engaged in research on political theory, populism, US religion, gender studies, and queer studies.
Innovative entrepreneurs are the prime movers of the economy. The innovative entrepreneur helps to overcome two types of institutional friction. First, existing firms may not innovate efficiently due to incumbent inertia resulting from adjustment costs, diversification costs, the replacement effect, and imperfect adjustment of expectations. The innovative entrepreneur compensates for incumbent inertia by embodying innovations in new firms that compete with incumbents. Second, markets for inventions may not operate efficiently due to transaction costs, imperfect intellectual property protections, costs of transferring tacit knowledge, and imperfect information about discoveries. The innovative entrepreneur addresses inefficiencies in markets for inventions through own-use of discoveries and adoption of innovative ideas. The Innovative Entrepreneur presents an economic framework that addresses the motivation of the innovative entrepreneur, the innovative advantage of entrepreneurs versus incumbent firms, the effects of competitive pressures on incentives to innovate, the consequences of creative destruction, and the contributions of the innovative entrepreneur to the wealth of nations.
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