How direct is the mapping between linguistic constructions and their interpretations? Much less direct than we commonly assume, according to Daniel Wedgwood. Extending current ideas from frameworks like Relevance Theory and Dynamic Syntax, Wedgwood upholds a radical position on modelling linguistic competence: the idea of interfacing static syntactic and semantic representations must be abandoned in favour of models of the incremental construction of meaning during parsing - which may involve significant pragmatic enrichment. In illustration, Wedgwood presents a detailed study of a key meeting point of grammar and pragmatics: focus, in particular its syntactic expression in Hungarian. The result is a strikingly simple explanation of a complex set of syntactico-semantic phenomena, touching on information structure, negation, quantification and complex predication. For its clear and bold theoretical argumentation and its novel analysis of some notorious data, this book will be of interest to all linguists, philosophers and computational linguists concerned with the relationships between syntax, semantics, pragmatics and information structure. This book features a broad theoretical perspective. It offers a coherent overall picture of syntax, semantics and pragmatics - and how they inter-relate. It combines a bold new approach with the insights of existing theory - thorough, novel analysis of linguistic phenomena that historically occupy an important place in the literature, as illustration of a carefully laid out theoretical position. It extends and integrates research from a variety of linguistic domains and frameworks. It also includes a comprehensive informal discussion as well as a formalised analysis.
How direct is the mapping between linguistic constructions and their interpretations? Much less direct than we generally assume, according to this book. Extending current ideas from frameworks like Relevance Theory, pragmatic inference is shown to have a far greater role than it is normally afforded, making crucial contributions to semantic representations. This necessitates a radical new perspective in formal linguistics: we must isolate what is attributable to inference before we can even identify what the grammar should account for. Addressing fundamental assumptions of linguistic theory and tapping into significant new ideas in frameworks like Dynamic Syntax, this book outlines and illustrates an approach to grammar that addresses actual mechanisms of interpretation in context, instead of assuming a direct 'interface' between static syntactic representations and semantics. Theoretical arguments are supported by detailed formal and informal linguistic analysis at a key meeting point of syntax, semantics and pragmatics: information structure. An in-depth case study of 'syntactic focus' in Hungarian demonstrates how an unusually wide range of complex phenomena including quantificational and aspectual constructions and the syntax of negation can be accounted for by the linguistic encoding of radically underspecified semantic procedures plus rich pragmatic reasoning. Both in its clear argumentation for a radical new theoretical perspective and in its no
Daniel Halliday examines the moral grounding of the right to bequeath or transfer wealth. He engages with contemporary concerns about wealth inequality, class hierarchy, and taxation, while also drawing on the history of the egalitarian, utilitarian, and liberal traditions in political philosophy. He presents an egalitarian case for restricting inherited wealth, arguing that unrestricted inheritance is unjust to the extent that it enables and enhances the intergenerational replication of inequality. Here, inequality is understood in a group-based sense: the unjust effects of inheritance are principally in its tendency to concentrate certain opportunities into certain groups. This results in what Halliday describes as 'economic segregation'. He defends a specific proposal about how to tax inherited wealth: roughly, inheritance should be taxed more heavily when it comes from old money. He rebuts some sceptical arguments against inheritance taxes, and makes suggestions about how tax schemes should be designed.
In the late nineteenth century the United States oversaw a great increase in extraterritorial claims, boundary disputes, extradition controversies, and transborder abduction and interdiction. In this sweeping history of the underpinnings of American empire, Daniel S. Margolies offers a new frame of analysis for historians to understand how novel assertions of legal spatiality and extraterritoriality were deployed in U.S. foreign relations during an era of increased national ambitions and global connectedness. Whether it was in the Mexican borderlands or in other hot spots around the globe, Margolies shows that American policy responded to disputes over jurisdiction by defining the space of law on the basis of a strident unilateralism. Especially significant and contested were extradition regimes and the exceptions carved within them. Extradition of fugitives reflected critical questions of sovereignty and the role of the state in foreign affair during the run-up to overseas empire in 1898. Using extradition as a critical lens, Spaces of Law in American Foreign Relations examines the rich embeddedness of questions of sovereignty, territoriality, legal spatiality, and citizenship and shows that U.S. hegemonic power was constructed in significant part in the spaces of law, not simply through war or trade.
Robert Browning (1812-89) rivals Tennyson as the major Victorian poet with such important works as Dramatic Lyrics, Dramatic Romances and Lyrics, Men and Women, Dramatic Personae and the monumental The Ring and the Book. He is known for his development of the dramatic monologue in which he recreated the world of Renaissance Italy, and provided subtle and complex explorations of character. Here, Daniel Karlin and John Woolford provide a thematic survey of Browning's often difficult work, using key poems as a common point of reference. The themes covered include: styles, genres, the mind, the world, interaction and criticism. This excellent survey will be of value to students of Victorian literature and modernism.
Daniel Kevles traces the study and practice of eugenics--the science of "improving" the human species by exploiting theories of heredity--from its inception in the late nineteenth century to its most recent manifestation within the field of genetic engineering. It is rich in narrative, anecdote, attention to human detail, and stories of competition among scientists who have dominated the field.
Abstract for the book: This book contributes to two debates and it does so by bringing them together. The first is a debate in metaethics concerning normative reasons, the considerations that serve to justify a person's actions and attitudes. The second is a debate in epistemology concerning the norms for belief, the standards that govern a person's beliefs and by reference to which they are assessed. The book starts by developing and defending a new theory of reasons for action, that is, of practical reasons. The theory belongs to a family that analyses reasons by appeal to the normative notion of rightness (fittingness, correctness); it is distinctive in making central appeal to modal notions, specifically, that of a nearby possible world. The result is a comprehensive framework that captures what is common to and distinctive of reasons of various kinds: justifying and demanding; for and against, possessed and unpossessed; objective and subjective. The framework is then generalized to reasons for belief, that is, to epistemic reasons, and combined with a substantive, first-order commitment, namely, that truth is the sole right-maker for belief. The upshot is an account of the various norms governing belief, including knowledge and rationality, and the relations among them. According to it, the standards to which belief is subject are various, but they are unified by an underlying principle. Keywords: practical reasons; epistemic reasons; rightness; possible worlds; norms of belief; rationality; truth; knowledge; possessed reasons; normativity"--
Expressivism has been dominating much of the metaethical debate of the past three decades. The aim of this book is to address a number of questions that have been neglected in the previous discussion.These primarily concern the psychological commitments and the methodological status of expressivism as well as important differences and similarities between the approaches of the ‘classic’ expressivists Ayer, Stevenson, Hare, Blackburn und Gibbard.
In this book, we will discover the most accurate account of creation as taught from Scripture and verified by science. We will leave no stone unturned as we venture through the following fields of study: Stratigraphy, Meteorology, Obliquity, Dinosaurs, The Fossil Record, Star Light, Greek, Hebrew, Angelology, Creation, the Fall, History, and Theology. In this book, the Gap Theory Model of Creation will not only take the stand, but give answers to all the charges it has been accused of by the Young Earth Creation Science Movement (YECSM). Furthermore, the Gap Theory will provide a workable model that functions properly with both the Bible and Geology. See in this amazing book how the Bible reached out thousands of years ahead of the YECSM, Modern Science, and Geology providing Answers to the following questions: · Does Let, Made, Formed, and Create all mean the same thing? · Does Replenish in Genesis 1:27 mean “fill”? · Does Genesis 1:2 really describe an unformed and unfilled earth? · Were angels really created in the Six-Day Narrative? · Does the Bible really say that the material universe was created in the Six-Day Narrative? · Was Adam immortal before his fall? · Is there a workable model in Biblical Creation for Modern Geology? · Did the Geologic Column form in the Noahic Flood? · Is the YECSM from within or without Mainline Christianity? · Does our Creation Doctrine affect other doctrines? · Is Creation a part of God’s qualitative attributes, or is it just limited to the Six-Day Narrative? · Is it logical or illogical to propagate an Appearance of Age Theory when defending a Young Earth? · Did the Bible writers teach an Old or Young Earth? · When was the Creation made subject to vanity? Pre- or Post- Fall? · Could the early Church have grasped modern-day interpretations of Creation? · Are the leaders of the YECSM qualified to represent Christianity to the world’s intellectual communities? A Must for Every Person in the Ministry!
The most important questions in life are questions about what we should do and what we should believe. The first kind of question has received considerable attention by normative ethicists, who search for a complete systematic account of right action. This book is about the second kind of question. Right Belief and True Belief starts by defining a new field of inquiry named 'normative epistemology' that mirrors normative ethics in searching for a systematic account of right belief. The book then lays out and defends a deeply truth-centric account of right belief called `truth-loving epistemic consequentialism.' Truth-loving epistemic consequentialists say that what we should believe (and what credences we should have) can be understood in terms of what conduces to us having the most accurate beliefs (credences). The view straight-forwardly vindicates the popular intuition that epistemic norms are about getting true beliefs and avoiding false beliefs, and it coheres well with how scientists, engineers, and statisticians think about what we should believe. Many epistemologists have rejected similar views in response to several persuasive objections, most famously including trade-off and counting-blades-of-grass objections. Right Belief and True Belief shows how a simple truth-based consequentialist account of epistemic norms can avoid these objections and argues that truth-loving epistemic consequentialism can undergird a general truth-centric approach to many questions in epistemology.
Compelling, authoritative and as readable as the best airport thriller. It fizzes with crime, fame, power and illicit sex.' Jeremy Vine 'A timely and important book. It's quite remarkable how one building has played host to such debauchery. If only the walls could talk...' Iain Dale Designed as a city dwelling for the modern age, Dolphin Square opened in London's Pimlico in 1936. Boasting 1,250 hi-tech flats, a swimming pool, restaurant, gardens and shopping arcade, the complex quickly attracted a long list of the affluent and influential. But behind its veneer of respectability, the Square has become one of the country's most notorious addresses; a place where the private lives of those from the highest of high society and the lowest depths of the underworld have collided and played out over the best part of a century. This is the story of the Square and its people, an ever-evolving cast of larger-than- life characters who have borne witness to, and played pivotal roles in, some of the most scandalous episodes of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. From Oswald Mosley and the Carry On gang to allegations of systematic sexual abuse, it is a saga replete with mysterious deaths, exploitation, espionage, illicit love affairs and glamour, shining a light on the changing nature of British politics and society in the modern age.
Man is driven to find the GOD he lost in the garden of Eden, and now you know the truth! Some men are so desperate that they look to cold dumb rocks for the majesty of creation, and that pursuit leads them to another creator, another god, and the greatest lie ever toldaEUR"evolution. Perhaps some people just didnaEUR(tm)t get the GOD gene or perhaps they got it, but the gene is just flawed. How else could evolution end up leading to the worship of strange gods? It is all just rocks, fake pictures, and the dirt shoveled out of the way trying to bury GOD with a lie. You can seek the popular opinion and ignore the GOD coursing through your veins, but it will be at your loss and truly sad. The fire will still be in your heart, but it will burn for a strange god and one that lies.
Neither Bond Nor Free draws heavily on real events and from the lives of historical figures to weave a tale of suffering and redemption in antebellum America. Across a violent landscape of virulent racial prejudice and hatred pitted against the aid and protection of free black communities and abolitionists of the Underground Railroad, self-emancipated refugees from the South’s Peculiar Institution navigate their way north to freedom in Canada. One highly literate mulatto’s escape from slavery intersects closely with the lives of free blacks and Quakers in a small Indiana community until the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 shatters his hopes but not his indomitable desire to be free. In his adventures and struggle to fully secure his freedom, he makes surprising discoveries about the nature of suffering and his own humanity.
In United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics, and Pragmatics, Zachary D. Kaufman explores the U.S. government's support for, or opposition to, certain transitional justice institutions. By first presenting an overview of possible responses to atrocities (such as war crimes tribunals) and then analyzing six historical case studies, Kaufman evaluates why and how the United States has pursued particular transitional justice options since World War II. This book challenges the "legalist" paradigm, which postulates that liberal states pursue war crimes tribunals because their decision-makers hold a principled commitment to the rule of law. Kaufman develops an alternative theory-"prudentialism"-which contends that any state (liberal or illiberal) may support bona fide war crimes tribunals. More generally, prudentialism proposes that states pursue transitional justice options, not out of strict adherence to certain principles, but as a result of a case-specific balancing of politics, pragmatics, and normative beliefs. Kaufman tests these two competing theories through the U.S. experience in six contexts: Germany and Japan after World War II, the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103, the 1990-1991 Iraqi offenses against Kuwaitis, the atrocities in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, and the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Kaufman demonstrates that political and pragmatic factors featured as or more prominently in U.S. transitional justice policy than did U.S. government officials' normative beliefs. Kaufman thus concludes that, at least for the United States, prudentialism is superior to legalism as an explanatory theory in transitional justice policymaking.
An original history of man's greatest adventure: his search to discover the world around him. In the compendious history, Boorstin not only traces man's insatiable need to know, but also the obstacles to discovery and the illusion that knowledge can also put in our way. Covering time, the earth and the seas, nature and society, he gathers and analyzes stories of the man's profound quest to understand his world and the cosmos.
Of the many Cold War radio DJs who broadcast to the USSR, Seva Novgorodsev must be near the top of the list. A masterful BBC presenter, Seva was considered a sage of rock ‘n’ roll. His programs introduced forbidden western popular music and culture into the USSR, rendering him an “enemy voice” and ideological saboteur to the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Despite KGB threats and constant media pillorying, Seva remained on the air for 38 years, acquiring millions of listeners all across the breadth of the USSR and beyond. He became a cult phenomenon, dismantling the Soviet way of life in the hearts and minds of youth. This is the story of Russia’s first and best-known DJ.
The Buried Past presents the most significant archaeological discoveries made in one of America's most historic cities. Based on more than thirty years of intensive archaeological investigations in the greater Philadelphia area, this study contains the first record of many nationally important sites linking archaeological evidence to historical documentation, including Interdependence and Valley Forge National Historical Parks. It provides an archaeological tour through the houses and life-ways of both the great figures and the common people. It reveals how people dined, what vessels and dishes they used, and what their trinkets (and secret sins) were.
The eighth edition of The Evolution of Management Thought provides readers witha deep understanding of the origin and development of management ideas. Spanning an expansive time period, from the pre-industrial era to the modern age of globalization, this landmark volume examines the backgrounds, original work, and influences of major figures and their contributions to advances in management theory and practice. This fully-revised edition has been painstakingly reviewed and thoroughly updated to reflect areas of contemporary management such as job design, motivation, leadership, organization theory, technological change, and increased worker diversity. In this classic text, authors Daniel Wren and Arthur Bedeian examine the management challenges and perspectives of the Industrial Revolution, discuss the emergence of the management process and systematic management, trace the rise of scientific management, and much more. Organized around a chronological framework, the text places a comprehensive range of management theories in their historical context to clearly illustrate their evolution over time. The book’s four parts, each designed to be a self-contained unit of study, contain extensive cross-references to allow readers to connect earlier to later developments to the volume’s central unifying theme.
By piecing the lives of selected individuals into a grand mosaic, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Daniel J. Boorstin explores the development of artistic innovation over 3,000 years. A hugely ambitious chronicle of the arts that Boorstin delivers with the scope that made his Discoverers a national bestseller. Even as he tells the stories of such individual creators as Homer, Joyce, Giotto, Picasso, Handel, Wagner, and Virginia Woolf, Boorstin assembles them into a grand mosaic of aesthetic and intellectual invention. In the process he tells us not only how great art (and great architecture and philosophy) is created, but where it comes from and how it has shaped and mirrored societies from Vedic India to the twentieth-century United States.
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