A new translation and commentary on I Maccabees that offers a fresh interpretation of the author's values and purpose First Maccabees, composed in the second century BCE, chronicles four decades of clashes between Hellenistic Syria and Judea, from Antiochus Epiphanes's ascent to the throne in 175 BCE to the Hasmoneans' establishment of an independent Judean state, ruled by Simon and his sons. In this volume, Daniel R. Schwartz provides a new translation of the Greek text and analyzes its historical significance. In dialogue with contemporary scholarship, the introduction surveys the work's themes, sources, and transmission, while the commentary addresses textual details and issues of historical reconstruction, often devoting special attention to the lost Hebrew original and its associations. Schwartz demonstrates that 1 Maccabees, despite its Hebraic biblical style and its survival within the Christian canon, deviates from biblical and Judaic works by marginalizing God, evincing scorn for martyrs, and ascribing to human power and valor crucial historical roles. This all fits its mandate: justification of the Hasmonean dynasty, especially the Simonides.
Presenting the Second Temple era as an age of transition between a territorial past and an exilic and religious future, Judeans and Jews sharpens our understanding of this important era.
The historical separation between Judaism and Christianity is often figured as a clearly defined break of a single entity into two separate religions. Following this model, there would have been one religion known as Judaism before the birth of Christ, which then took on a hybrid identity. Even before its subsequent division, certain beliefs and practices of this composite would have been identifiable as Christian or Jewish.In Border Lines, however, Daniel Boyarin makes a striking case for a very different way of thinking about the historical development that is the partition of Judaeo-Christianity. There were no characteristics or features that could be described as uniquely Jewish or Christian in late antiquity, Boyarin argues. Rather, Jesus-following Jews and Jews who did not follow Jesus lived on a cultural map in which beliefs, such as that in a second divine being, and practices, such as keeping kosher or maintaining the Sabbath, were widely and variably distributed. The ultimate distinctions between Judaism and Christianity were imposed from above by "border-makers," heresiologists anxious to construct a discrete identity for Christianity. By defining some beliefs and practices as Christian and others as Jewish or heretical, they moved ideas, behaviors, and people to one side or another of an artificial border—and, Boyarin significantly contends, invented the very notion of religion.
The articles discuss various aspects of Jewish identity in the Greco-Roman period. Was there a common ‘Jewish’ identity, and how could it be defined? How could different groups develop and maintain their identity within the challenge of Hellenistic and early Roman culture? What about the images of ‘others’? How could some of those ‘others’ adopt a Jewish lifestyle or identity, whereas others, abandoned their inherited identity? Among the questions discussed are the translation of Ioudaios, Jewish and universal identity in Philo, the status of women and their conversion to Judaism, the participation of non-Jews in the temple cult, the practice of Emperor worship in Judaea, and the image of Egypt and the Nile as ‘others’ in Philo. Two articles enter the debate whether Jewish identity had an ongoing influence within early Christianity, in Paul and in the rules known as the Apostolic Decree.
The Biblical View of Man argues cogently that the Bible is more about human beings than about God and insists that, in the biblical view, what human beings need is not so much wisdom or grace but rather their own free will to fulfill the obligations that a loving God has bestowed upon them in order to allow them to prove and improve themselves. According to Rabbi Leo Adler, the exercise of such free will, rather than implying a lack of need for God, actually requires a firm commitment to God. First published in German in 1965, this engaging interpretation of the Bible appears in English for the first time.
2 Maccabees is a Jewish work composed during the 2nd century BCE and preserved by the Church. Written in Hellenistic Greek and told from a Jewish-Hellenistic perspective, 2 Maccabees narrates and interprets the ups and downs of events that took place in Jerusalem prior to and during the Maccabean revolt: institutionalized Hellenization and the foundation of Jerusalem as a polis; the persecution of Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes, accompanied by famous martyrdoms; and the rebellion against Seleucid rule by Judas Maccabaeus. 2 Maccabees is an important source both for the events it describes and for the values and interests of the Judaism of the Hellenistic diaspora that it reflects - which are often quite different from those represented by its competitor, 1 Maccabees.
The life of Philipp Jaffé (1819–1870), from his youth in Posen; his studies with Leopold von Ranke and career – as a close friend of Theodor Mommsen – at the pinnacle of historical scholarship in Berlin, first at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica and then, after his feud with Georg Heinrich Pertz, with his unprecedented 1862 appointment, while still a Jew, to a Berlin professorship; and on to his baptism in 1868 and suicide in 1870, was a life of transition between East and West and between Judaism and Christianity – and a life of devotion to scholarship, of loneliness, of success and of frustration. Forgotten today, except by medievalists who depend on his numerous editions of Latin texts, Jaffé was a central figure in the heydays of German scholarship. His career illustrates the working conditions of such scholars, their friendships and feuds, and also the limits that hemmed Jews in and the ways they could be overcome. This volume documents Jaffé’s life, accomplishments, and struggles, and also offers insight into his soul via more than two hundred of his letters (in German) – about half to his parents in Posen and half to colleagues around Europe, especially Pertz and Mommsen.
The papers in this volume were presented at a Mellon-Sawyer Seminar held at the University of Oxford in 2009-2010, which sought to investigate side by side the two important movements of conversion that frame late antiquity: to Christianity at its start, and to Islam at the other end. Challenging the opposition between the two stereotypes of Islamic conversion as an intrinsically violent process, and Christian conversion as a fundamentally spiritual one, the papers seek to isolate the behaviours and circumstances that made conversion both such a common and such a contested phenomenon. The spread of Buddhism in Asia in broadly the same period serves as an external comparator that was not caught in the net of the Abrahamic religions. The volume is organised around several themes, reflecting the concerns of the initial project with the articulation between norm and practice, the role of authorities and institutions, and the social and individual fluidity on the ground. Debates, discussions, and the expression of norms and principles about conversion conversion are not rare in societies experiencing religious change, and the first section of the book examines some of the main issues brought up by surviving sources. This is followed by three sections examining different aspects of how those principles were - or were not - put into practice: how conversion was handled by the state, how it was continuously redefined by individual ambivalence and cultural fluidity, and how it was enshrined through different forms of institutionalization. Finally, a topographical coda examines the effects of religious change on the iconic holy city of Jerusalem.
This book assimilates and evaluates the rapidly accumulating information regarding neuropeptides in the gut, their chemistry; genetic control; processing in enteric nerves; the projections of their nerves; their actions at the tissue, cell, and molecular levels; and their roles in controlling gut motility in health and disease. Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract is directed to scientists in all disciplines who work with neuropeptides, as well as physiologists interested in the neural and smooth muscle actions of neuropeptides. Gastroenterologists concerned with the control of gastrointestinal motility and the roles of neuroendocrine peptides in regulating motility in health and disease will also find this book to be an indispensable reference resource.This book contains more than 10,000 references and features new areas, including the chemistry of peptides, genetic control of peptides, syntheses, sites and mechanisms of peptide actions, and neuropeptide receptors
Contents: The rat as a companion animal, origin and development, external anatomy and physiology, acquiring a rat, husbandry, handling, nutrition, behavior, reproduction, diseases, sources of additional information.
Inside the 3rd edition of this esteemed masterwork, hundreds of the most distinguished authorities from around the world provide today's best answers to every question that arises in your practice. They deliver in-depth guidance on new diagnostic approaches, operative technique, and treatment option, as well as cogent explanations of every new scientific concept and its clinical importance. With its new streamlined, more user-friendly, full-color format, this 3rd edition makes reference much faster, easier, and more versatile. More than ever, it's the source you need to efficiently and confidently overcome any clinical challenge you may face. Comprehensive, authoritative, and richly illustrated coverage of every scientific and clinical principle in ophthalmology ensures that you will always be able to find the guidance you need to diagnose and manage your patients' ocular problems and meet today's standards of care. Updates include completely new sections on "Refractive Surgery" and "Ethics and Professionalism"... an updated and expanded "Geneitcs" section... an updated "Retina" section featuring OCT imaging and new drug therapies for macular degeneration... and many other important new developments that affect your patient care. A streamlined format and a new, more user-friendly full-color design - with many at-a-glance summary tables, algorithms, boxes, diagrams, and thousands of phenomenal color illustrations - allows you to locate the assistance you need more rapidly than ever.
Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination, Third Edition, is a must-have resource for students and practitioners involved in eye care. This concise handbook provides detailed, step-by-step procedures for performing each examination technique. Each technique is then described by purpose, indication, equipment, set-up, recording, and examples—all accompanied by updated graphics and photographs. The latest technologies and techniques in the field of vision care are covered in this comprehensive guide. Features of the Third Edition *Step-by-step procedures for each exam procedure *Convenient summaries of practical how’s and why’s, without distracting theory *New procedures include corneal topography, pharmacological pupil testing, photostress test, and more *Expanded tables, such as cranial nerve screening and refraction flow chart *Updated references and norms
Judaism makes the bold argument that the very concept of a religion of ‘Judaism’ is an invention of the Christian church. The intellectual journey of world-renowned Talmud scholar Daniel Boyarin, this book will change the study of “Judaism”—an essential key word in Jewish Studies—as we understand it today. Boyarin argues that although the world treats the word “Judaism” as appropriate for naming an alleged religion of the Jews, it is in fact a Christian theological concept only adopted by Jews with the coming of modernity and the adoption of Christian languages.
The definitive skill-building guide to ocular examination procedures—now revised and updated Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination, Fourth Edition is the must-have eye care resource, whether you’re a student, resident, or practitioner. Here, in one concise handbook, is every major clinical procedure used in ocular examinations. Offering ideal preparation for clinical eye exams, the book features detailed, systematic guidance on how to confidently perform all major examination techniques, which are described by purpose, indication, equipment, set-up, recording, and examples. Each procedure is accompanied by precise illustrations and photographs, designed to enhance your knowledge and comfort level with the full spectrum of techniques. Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination, Fourth Edition represents the single most essential clinical companion in eye care available anywhere. Step-by-step procedures for every exam procedure, including techniques that are new to this edition Convenient summaries of practical how’s and why’s that do not get bogged down in distracting theory Expanded tables, plus updated references and norms
Drawing on a combined three decades of teaching experience, Costanzo and Krauss help students explore the fascinating intersections where psychology and the law meet, in an excitingly written textbook that presents the latest research in the context of dozens of real cases. As before, the new edition draws on extensive research in social, cognitive, clinical, and developmental psychology to explore virtually every aspect of the legal system studied by psychologists, emphasizing the ways research and theory deepen our understanding of key participants (e.g., criminals, police, victims, lawyers, witnesses, judges, and jurors) and basic psychological processes (e.g., decision-making, persuasion, perception, memory, and behavior change).
Multilingual Natural Language Processing Applications is the first comprehensive single-source guide to building robust and accurate multilingual NLP systems. Edited by two leading experts, it integrates cutting-edge advances with practical solutions drawn from extensive field experience. Part I introduces the core concepts and theoretical foundations of modern multilingual natural language processing, presenting today’s best practices for understanding word and document structure, analyzing syntax, modeling language, recognizing entailment, and detecting redundancy. Part II thoroughly addresses the practical considerations associated with building real-world applications, including information extraction, machine translation, information retrieval/search, summarization, question answering, distillation, processing pipelines, and more. This book contains important new contributions from leading researchers at IBM, Google, Microsoft, Thomson Reuters, BBN, CMU, University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, University of North Texas, and others. Coverage includes Core NLP problems, and today’s best algorithms for attacking them Processing the diverse morphologies present in the world’s languages Uncovering syntactical structure, parsing semantics, using semantic role labeling, and scoring grammaticality Recognizing inferences, subjectivity, and opinion polarity Managing key algorithmic and design tradeoffs in real-world applications Extracting information via mention detection, coreference resolution, and events Building large-scale systems for machine translation, information retrieval, and summarization Answering complex questions through distillation and other advanced techniques Creating dialog systems that leverage advances in speech recognition, synthesis, and dialog management Constructing common infrastructure for multiple multilingual text processing applications This book will be invaluable for all engineers, software developers, researchers, and graduate students who want to process large quantities of text in multiple languages, in any environment: government, corporate, or academic.
2 Maccabees is a Jewish work composed during the 2nd century BCE and preserved by the Church. Written in Hellenistic Greek and told from a Jewish-Hellenistic perspective, 2 Maccabees narrates and interprets the ups and downs of events that took place in Jerusalem prior to and during the Maccabean revolt: institutionalized Hellenization and the foundation of Jerusalem as a polis; the persecution of Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes, accompanied by famous martyrdoms; and the rebellion against Seleucid rule by Judas Maccabaeus. 2 Maccabees is an important source both for the events it describes and for the values and interests of the Judaism of the Hellenistic diaspora that it reflects - which are often quite different from those represented by its competitor, 1 Maccabees.
This distinguished reference carries on a 70-year legacy as the world's most thorough, useful, readable, and understandable text on the principles and techniques of surgery. Its peerless contributors deliver all the well-rounded, state-of-the-art knowledge you need to richly grasp the pathophysiology and optimal management of every surgical condition-so you can make the best clinical decisions, avoid complications, manage unusual situations, and achieve the best possible outcomes. It is a valuable review tool for certification/recertification preparation, and an indispensable source of guidance on overcoming the challenges that arise in everyday practice. As an Expert Consult title, the thoroughly updated 18th edition comes with access to the complete contents online, fully searchable-enabling you to consult it rapidly from any computer with an Internet connection. In addition, this Premium Edition includes timely clinical updates online, plus links to MEDLINE, downloadable illustrations, bonus journal articles, review questions, and much more. Offers a more distinguished team of contributors and a better blend of clinical and basic-science information than any other source, providing you with the best possible understanding of the clinical issues surrounding every operative situation. Features a more user-friendly format, a larger and more helpful array of full-color illustrations, and a more versatile and well-constructed web site than other resources-making the answers that you need easier to locate and understand quickly. Offers an organization and content that parallels the written board American Board of Surgery exam, providing excellent preparation for certification and recertification. Includes access to the complete contents online, fully searchable, PLUS timely updates to reflect new scientific and clinical developments · references linked to MEDLINE · downloadable illustrations · bonus articles from important surgery periodicals (such as Surgical Clinics of North America, the American Journal of Surgery, Operative Techniques in General Surgery, and Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery) · review questions · and other valuable features. Incorporates an enhanced emphasis on surgical outcomes to mirror the growing importance of this topic. Delivers comprehensive updates to keep you current with the latest research, techniques, and emerging procedures in the field, as well as completely new chapters on "Surgical Patient Safety" and "Regenerative Medicine.
ACP Medicine is the product of a new partnership between the American College of Physicians and WebMD Professional Publishing. Developed from WebMD Scientific American Medicine it provides a continually updated, comprehensive internal medicine reference.
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