Poised to become the leading reference in the field, the Handbook of Finite Fields is exclusively devoted to the theory and applications of finite fields. More than 80 international contributors compile state-of-the-art research in this definitive handbook. Edited by two renowned researchers, the book uses a uniform style and format throughout and
Why in the pre-industrial period were some settlements resilient and stable over the long term while other settlements were vulnerable to crisis? Indeed, what made certain human habitations more prone to decline or even total collapse, than others? All pre-industrial societies had to face certain challenges: exogenous environmental hazards such as earthquakes or plagues, economic or political hazards from ’outside’ such as warfare or expropriation of property, or hazards of their own-making such as soil erosion or subsistence crises. How then can we explain why some societies were able to overcome or negate these problems, while other societies proved susceptible to failure, as settlements contracted, stagnated, were abandoned, or even disappeared entirely? This book has been stimulated by the questions and hypotheses put forward by a recent ’disaster studies’ literature - in particular, by placing the intrinsic arrangement of societies at the forefront of the explanatory framework. Essentially it is suggested that the resilience or vulnerability of habitation has less to do with exogenous crises themselves, but on endogenous societal responses which dictate: (a) the extent of destruction caused by crises and the capacity for society to protect itself; and (b) the capacity to create a sufficient recovery. By empirically testing the explanatory framework on a number of societies between the Middle Ages and the nineteenth century in England, the Low Countries, and Italy, it is ultimately argued in this book that rather than the protective functions of the state or the market, or the implementation of technological innovation or capital investment, the most resilient human habitations in the pre-industrial period were those than displayed an equitable distribution of property and a well-balanced distribution of power between social interest groups. Equitable distributions of power and property were the underlying conditions in pre-industrial societies that all
Recent trends and events worldwide have increased public interest in nonviolence, pacifism, and peace psychology as well as professional interest across the social sciences. Nonviolence and Peace Psychology assembles multiple perspectives to create a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the concepts and phenomena of nonviolence than is usually seen on the subject. Through this diverse literature—spanning psychology, political science, religious studies, anthropology, and sociology—peace psychologist Dan Mayton gives readers the opportunity to view nonviolence as a body of principles, a system of pragmatics, and a strategy for social change. This important volume: Draws critical distinctions between nonviolence, pacifism, and related concepts. Classifies nonviolence in terms of its scope (intrapersonal, interpersonal, societal, global) and pacifism according to political and situational dimensions. Applies standard psychological concepts such as beliefs, motives, dispositions, and values to define nonviolent actions and behaviors. Brings sociohistorical and cross-cultural context to peace psychology. Analyzes a century’s worth of nonviolent social action, from the pathbreaking work of Gandhi and King to the Courage to Refuse movement within the Israeli armed forces. Reviews methodological and measurement issues in nonviolence research, and suggests areas for future study. Although more attention is traditionally devoted to violence and aggression within the social sciences, Nonviolence and Peace Psychology reveals a robust knowledge base and a framework for peacebuilding work, granting peace psychologists, activists, and mediators new possibilities for the transformative power of nonviolence.
Cultural psychology and experimental existential psychology are two of the fastest-growing movements in social psychology. In this book, Daniel Sullivan combines both perspectives to present a groundbreaking analysis of culture's role in shaping the psychology of threat experience. The first part of the book presents a new theoretical framework guided by three central principles: that humans are in a unique existential situation because we possess symbolic consciousness and culture; that culture provides psychological protection against threatening experiences, but also helps to create them; and that interdisciplinary methods are vital to understanding the link between culture and threat. In the second part of the book, Sullivan presents a novel program of research guided by these principles. Focusing on a case study of a traditionalist group of Mennonites in the midwestern United States, Sullivan examines the relationship between religion, community, guilt, anxiety, and the experience of natural disaster.
This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes how the IBM Content Collector family of products can help companies to create value-based archiving solutions. IBM Content Collector provides enterprise-wide content archiving and retention management capabilities. It also provides IT administrators with a high level of control over the archiving environment. From a common interface, organizations can implement policies that define what gets archived from which source system, make decisions about how content gets archived based on the content or metadata of the information, and determine the retention and governance rules associated with that type of content. Content Collector enables IT staff to implement granular archiving policies to collect and archive specific pieces of information. IBM Content Collector helps with the following tasks: Eliminating point solutions and lowering costs with a unified collection, management, and governance approach that works effectively across a broad range of source systems and information types Appraising, improving understanding of, culling, and properly selecting the information to archive Retaining, holding, and disposing of archived content efficiently and defensibly Eliminating the costs and risks inherent with over-retention This book covers the basic concepts of the IBM Content Collector product family. It presents an overview explaining how it provides value-based archiving and a defensible disposal capability in the archiving solutions. With the integration of IBM Content Classification and IBM Enterprise Records, the book also explains and showcases how these products can be used to add more flexibility, power, and capabilities to archiving solutions. The book is intended for IT architects and solution designers who need to understand and use IBM Content Collector for archiving solution implementations. Use cases are included to provide specific, step-by-step details about implementing common solutions that fulfill some of the general business requirements.
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Sociology - Economy and Industry, grade: 1,0, University of Trier (Chair of Environmental and Urban Economics), course: European Environmental Economics, language: English, abstract: This paper will focus on the e-mobility and the evolution of electric vehicles and discuss environmental issues that are closely connected to the green movement. First a brief overview of the environmental aspects, related to the topic mentioned will be given. There will be a discussion not only on those aspects on a national level but also on a European and global level. Furthermore, this text will deal with the technology of the e-mobility and focus on exploring which economic, environmental and political aspects are connected with e-mobility and environmental concerns in Germany. Additionally, an international comparison between Germany and France, and Germany and the USA will be made; to enable the reader to know where these countries stand concerning sales of electric vehicles, political action and infrastructure of e-mobility. Over the past 40 years one can observe an evolution of “environmental concern” in several areas. This transition is called an evolution from environmentalism to green. There is a shift from emphasizing environmental problems to the underlying problems with our social, economic, technical or legal system. Further, the geographical focus changes from local problems to global issues. There has been a gradual change in the attitude towards business. From the business as the core of the problem to the business as a part of the solution to problems can be observed as well. From a marketing point of view one can observe the emerging importance of green awareness in the media during the late 80s. It is argued that a change in consumption behaviour of consumers led to the reaction of the producers. Moreover, since the early 1990s, more than 85% of the multinational companies in Europe have adapted themselves to this green movement by changing their way of production. In this connection, not just specific sectors in the European economy have been affected by this adjustment process, but almost every line of businesses. Technological change is denoted as a possible solution to some negative environmental effects. In the same context it is added that new technologies also may introduce new environmental issues, such that the strategic management towards sustainability became increasingly important.
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