Originally published in 1956, this book is a full account of General Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), a career U.S. Army officer who served with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was one of the most senior general officers—second only to General Robert E. Lee—in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Although heartily disliked by Confederate president Jefferson Davis, who often criticized him for a lack of aggressiveness and took every opportunity to sully his opponent’s name, General Johnston’s patriotic devotion to the Southern cause prevented him from resigning, and he rose to gain enormous respect from his major opponents for his actions during a number of campaigns—including General Ulysses S. Grant and Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, who became close friends with Johnston in subsequent years. A leading text for Civil War enthusiasts. Illustrated with 6 detailed maps.
[Includes over 12 illustrations and 2 maps] The campaign for the control of Vicksburg was one of the most important contests in determining the outcome of the Civil War. As President Abraham Lincoln observed, “Vicksburg is the key. The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket.” The struggle for Vicksburg lasted more than a year, and when it was over, the outcome of the Civil War appeared more certain. The centerpiece of the Vicksburg campaign was the Mississippi River, just as the great river is the centerpiece of the North American continent. The Mississippi and its tributaries drain over a million square miles of territory in the United States and Canada. These waterways included twenty thousand miles of navigable water, extending from Montana to Pennsylvania and from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico, making possible the large scale settlement of the west. Between 1810 and 1860, the number of whites residing west of the Appalachians swelled from one million to fifteen million, thanks in large part to the availability of navigable waterways. The black population, mostly slaves, grew from two hundred thousand to over two million, concentrated along the Mississippi. The rivers of the Mississippi basin provided an economic outlet for corn and hogs raised in Iowa and Ohio, as well as the sugar and cotton grown on the great plantations of Louisiana and Mississippi. By 1860, railroads were beginning to penetrate the region, but access to these western rivers remained vital to the economy of both the Midwest and the Deep South.
Northeast Louisiana is the home of amazingly innovative people who have risen above the challenges that would cripple less capable people. Despite whatever resource deficits the locals have faced, they have repeatedly shown exceptional resiliency and inexhaustible creativity. As you read the inspiring stories of innovators, you will notice that many of the people seem ordinary, but their adaptations have improved life in extraordinary ways.
Bringing together ten utopian works that mark important points in the history and an evolution in social and political philosophies, this book not only reflects on the texts and their political philosophy and implications, but also, their architecture and how that architecture informs the political philosophy or social agenda that the author intended. Each of the ten authors expressed their theory through concepts of community and utopian architecture, but each featured an architectural solution at the centre of their social and political philosophy, as none of the cities were ever built, they have remained as utopian literature.
This book is about Manipur's emotive issue of Kabaw Valley with Burma and the role British played therein. It also displays Nehru's mishandling of Kabaw Valley by transferring the same to Burma in March 1953 without the people and the Parliament's consent. Interwoven are also various Burmese principalities / kingdoms, various reigns of Manipur kings and Manipur's controversial merger to the Indian Dominion in 1949 along with British Indian Imperialism and Indian Independence Struggle. It is done so for the reader to dissect finer inner ideas and sequences. This is all the more necessary at the time of critical analysis of Manipur-Burma relationship, Anglo-Manipur relationship and finally Manipur's merger to India, including the final handing over of Kabaw valley to Burma. The other reason for inclusion of these topics is to give a stimulus to our young students and researchers, present and future, to implant in-depth researches and new thoughts in respect of Manipur history. This is not a history book, but historical accounts presented in a sequential form and in its true perspective. Many misleading Manipuri historical accounts, presented by various historians, scholars and writers (foreign and Indians), have been highlighted and placed in a proper basket. The author has tried to incorporate in-depth new thoughts and new interpretations, which were never found in any publication / research so far, for future students and researchers. It also highlights the killing of 6 British officials, including political Agent Grim Wood and Assam Chief Commissioner Quinton, the defeat of tiny Manipur at the hands of the British Army and subsequent public hanging of Prince Tikendrajit and Thangal General along with 3 other Manipuris in May-October 1891. The introductory Chapter has tried to give a brief account of an update of Manipur, the archaeological finds, its people, its language and Cheitharol Kumpaba - the Royal Chronicle of Manipur.
Includes over 30 maps and Illustrations The Staff Ride Handbook for the Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862-July 1863, provides a systematic approach to the analysis of this key Civil War campaign. Part I describes the organization of the Union and Confederate Armies, detailing their weapons, tactics, and logistical, engineer, communications, and medical support. It also includes a description of the U.S. Navy elements that featured so prominently in the campaign. Part II consists of a campaign overview that establishes the context for the individual actions to be studied in the field. Part III consists of a suggested itinerary of sites to visit in order to obtain a concrete view of the campaign in its several phases. For each site, or “stand,” there is a set of travel directions, a discussion of the action that occurred there, and vignettes by participants in the campaign that further explain the action and which also allow the student to sense the human “face of battle.” Part IV provides practical information on conducting a Staff Ride in the Vicksburg area, including sources of assistance and logistical considerations. Appendix A outlines the order of battle for the significant actions in the campaign. Appendix B provides biographical sketches of key participants. Appendix C provides an overview of Medal of Honor conferral in the campaign. An annotated bibliography suggests sources for preliminary study.
Environmental crime is one of the most profitable and fastest growing areas of international criminal activity. These types of crime, however, do not always produce an immediate consequence, and the harm may be diffused. As such, the complexity of victimization - in terms of time, space, impact, and who or what is victimized - is one of the reasons why governments and the enforcement community have trouble in finding suitable and effective responses. This book provides a diverse and provocative array of arguments, critiques and recommendations from leading researchers and scholars in the field of green criminology. The chapters are divided into three main sections: the first part deals with specific characteristics of some of the major types of environmental crime and its perpetrators; the second focuses explicitly on the problem of victimization in cases of environmental crime; and the third addresses the question of how to tackle this problem. Discussing these topics from the point of view of green criminological theory, sociology, law enforcement, community wellbeing, environmental activism and victimology, this book will be of great interest to all those concerned about crime and the environment.
In the early twentieth century, the new technology of flight changed warfare irrevocably, not only on the battlefield, but also on the home front. As prophesied before 1914, Britain in the First World War was effectively no longer an island, with its cities attacked by Zeppelin airships and Gotha bombers in one of the first strategic bombing campaigns. Drawing on prewar ideas about the fragility of modern industrial civilization, some writers now began to argue that the main strategic risk to Britain was not invasion or blockade, but the possibility of a sudden and intense aerial bombardment of London and other cities, which would cause tremendous destruction and massive casualties. The nation would be shattered in a matter of days or weeks, before it could fully mobilize for war. Defeat, decline, and perhaps even extinction, would follow. This theory of the knock-out blow from the air solidified into a consensus during the 1920s and by the 1930s had largely become an orthodoxy, accepted by pacifists and militarists alike. But the devastation feared in 1938 during the Munich Crisis, when gas masks were distributed and hundreds of thousands fled London, was far in excess of the damage wrought by the Luftwaffe during the Blitz in 1940 and 1941, as terrible as that was. The knock-out blow, then, was a myth. But it was a myth with consequences. For the first time, The Next War in the Air reconstructs the concept of the knock-out blow as it was articulated in the public sphere, the reasons why it came to be so widely accepted by both experts and non-experts, and the way it shaped the responses of the British public to some of the great issues facing them in the 1930s, from pacifism to fascism. Drawing on both archival documents and fictional and non-fictional publications from the period between 1908, when aviation was first perceived as a threat to British security, and 1941, when the Blitz ended, and it became clear that no knock-out blow was coming, The Next War in the Air provides a fascinating insight into the origins and evolution of this important cultural and intellectual phenomenon, Britain's fear of the bomber.
Delve into the fascinating history of one of the South's greatest states with Mississippi Secrets: Facts, Legends, and Folklore. Authors Dr. Gary D. and Ruth A. McDowell offer an intriguing collection of little-known events in Mississippi's history. Written in short, easy-to-read vignettes, these tales uncover some of the state's most fascinating figures and legends from how the Choctaws and Chickasaws settled the land to a UFO encounter in Pascagoula. You'll also read about famous Mississippians, the American Civil War, the 1960s Civil Rights movement, living in Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina, and other captivating tales that include: The U.S. president who stole another man's wife, brought her to Mississippi, and married her before she was divorced The pirate who helped win the Battle of New Orleans and then retired to Bay St. Louis The national hero who killed a man in a knife fight in Natchez The blues singer who sold his soul to the devil in Clarksdale in return for his talent An interview with James Meredith Whether you're a native of Mississippi or simply curious, Mississippi Secrets will capture your imagination with what the history books never tell you!
This book is about the real history of America and the causes of Lincoln's War against the Confederacy. President Davis delves into the forgotten history of these United States, contrasting the limited federal republic of sovereign States with what Yankee New England sought to turn these United States of 1783 into, a consolidated government under their rule - the United States we know today. He further goes into the reasons for secession, its lawfulness, the foundation of the Confederate States of America, and Lincoln's war of conquest against American States, not only Confederate, but Northern as well. This is a history that should be read by every American bewildered by the Federal government running roughshod over American liberties.
Until recently, many historians, as well as people in general, have commonly accepted the idea that every man, woman, and child in the South stood loyally behind Jefferson Davis and the Stars and Bars in support of the Confederacy. Despite the fact that out of a population of about eight million whites, six hundred thousand offered their services to the Confederacy in 1861, and also the fact that the staunch, unswerving loyalty of Southerners during the war will continue to rouse admiration, there was, in 1861, a small number, which by 1865 had increased to a potent minority, that did nothing to aid the Confederacy and much to injure it. While many showed their disaffection only by refusing to fight, many others organized not only for self-protection but also for the destruction of the Confederacy. Before the end of the war, there was much disaffection in every state, and many of the disloyal had formed into bands—in some states into well organized, active societies, with signs, oaths, grips, and passwords. In the present study, an attempt has been made to discover the causes for this movement, the classes that participated in it, and the purpose and work of the organizations. “Disloyalty in the Confederacy definitely puts to rout the belief, once common, that ‘every man, woman and child stood behind Jefferson Davis and the Stars and Bars in support of the Confederacy.’ —New York Times Book Review “This is the sort of book necessary to balance accounts of the Southern Confederacy. Heretofore, the impression has been too often left that the South fought as a unit with a common purpose.”—Journal of Southern History
The first palaeoecology book to focus on evolutionary palaeoecology, in both marine and terrestrial environments. Discusses reconstruction of the past ecological world at population, community and biogeographic levels. A well-illustrated and substantial volume giving accessible coverage of the full range of subjects within palaeoecology. Reviews and summarises all the major mass extinctions.
The Single Homemaker and Material Culture in the Long Eighteenth Century represents a new synthesis of gender history and material culture studies. It seeks to analyse the lives and cultural expression of single men and women from 1650 to 1850 within the main focus of domestic activity, the home. Whilst there is much scholarly interest in singleness and a raft of literature on the construction and apprehension of the home, no other book has sought to bring these discrete studies together. Similarly, scholarly work has been limited in evaluating gendered consumption practices during the long eighteenth century because of an emphasis on the homes of families. Analysing the practices of single people emphasises the differences, but also amplifies the similarities, in their strategies of domestic life.
Under Attack makes a new contribution to the field of international relations in general and the study of international law and armed conflict in particular, in two core ways. First, it links information from varying disciplines, most notably international relations and international law, to form a comprehensive picture of state practice and the challenges it poses to the legal rules for the use of force. Secondly, it organises the information in such a way to identify two core groups of contemporary justifications used by states: humanitarian reasons and self-defence, both with their sub-categories. At the core of this book is the question of how state practice since 1990 has challenged the long-established legal regime on the international use of force. Are we merely witnessing a temporary and insignificant challenge to international law or are the rules genuinely under attack?
The Watts Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice in Postman's Park, London, is a Victorian monument containing fifty-four ceramic plaques commemorating sixty-two individuals, each of whom lost their own life while attempting to save another. Every plaque tells a tragic and moving story, but the short narratives do little more than whet the appetite and stimulate the imagination about the lives and deaths of these brave characters. Based upon extensive historical research, this book will, for the first time, provide a full and engaging account of the dramatic circumstances behind each of the incidents, and reveal the vibrant and colourful lives led by those who tragically died.
The book The Lost Kingdom of Moyon (Bujuur): Iruwng (King) Kuurkam Ngoruw Moyon & The People of Manipur is not to produce a new history of Moyon, Who were earlier known as Bujuur, but rather to tell the true and authentical historical account of the Moyon people through the ages and centuries how their creator led them during their past lives. It also deals concerning kingship, and introduce the kingdom of God.
Professor Cary Cooper ... has done an excellent job of collating findings over the past five decades. Evidence of this is the good chapter describing legal cases in which staff have sued their employers for exposing them to stressful situations."--Supply Management 'This is a book that I shall certainly be using more than once. It should be read and re-read by those managers and practitioners who determine policy and develop the organisational processes that will allow us to function in an acceptable working environment. It is an excellent book looking at stress management from the right perspective.' - Strategy 'This book not only examines what stress is, but underlines some of the ways it can be combatted and prevented. An insightful evaluation, which is of great use in today's stressful working environment, it will strike a cord with everyone.' - Business Age.
When did "chemical" become a dirty word? Forty or so years ago, chemistry -- which had been recognized as a miracle-making boon to humanity - somehow became associated with warfare, sinister food additives, "toxins" and pollution. It's a situation that Dr. Joe Schwarcz aims to put into perspective. Yes, there's a downside to chemistry, he says, but this is dwarfed by its enormous benefits. Dr. Joe's new collection of commentaries will inspire an appreciation for the science of everyday life, and equip you to spot the muddled thinking, misunderstandings and deceptions in media stories and advertising claims. Does organic food really always equal better food? Are vaccines dangerous? Will the latest health fad make you ill? Do expensive wrinkle creams do the job? What are the best ways to avoid cancer? The answers to such questions often lie in an understanding of the chemistry involved. Ask Dr. Joe. Science, Sense and Nonsense celebrates chemistry's great achievements, lambastes its charlatans, and explores its essential connections to our wellbeing. And does so in authoritative, highly readable, good humoured style.
When did "chemical" become a dirty word? Forty or so years ago, chemistry -- which had been recognized as a miracle-making boon to humanity - somehow became associated with warfare, sinister food additives, "toxins" and pollution. It's a situation that Dr. Joe Schwarcz aims to put into perspective. Yes, there's a downside to chemistry, he says, but this is dwarfed by its enormous benefits. Dr. Joe's new collection of commentaries will inspire an appreciation for the science of everyday life, and equip you to spot the muddled thinking, misunderstandings and deceptions in media stories and advertising claims. Does organic food really always equal better food? Are vaccines dangerous? Will the latest health fad make you ill? Do expensive wrinkle creams do the job? What are the best ways to avoid cancer? The answers to such questions often lie in an understanding of the chemistry involved. Ask Dr. Joe. Science, Sense and Nonsense celebrates chemistry's great achievements, lambastes its charlatans, and explores its essential connections to our wellbeing. And does so in authoritative, highly readable, good humoured style.
Ian Gooderson presents a study of close air support in World War II, with the analysis focusing on the use of tactical air power by British and American forces during the campaigns in Italy and northwestern Europe between 1943 and 1945.
The current status of fossil fuel and alternative energy is a hot topic of today. Many different sides have many different opinions on the transition strategy that will work best as fossil fuel reserves slowly diminish. Seeing the light at the end of the tunnel for fossil fuels allows us to begin envisioning the role of various alternative fuels to replace these energy sources. Hydrogen fits into this transition mostly by replacing oil in the transportation sector as the main energy carrier. Natural gas and biofuels seem to be the best short-term solution, but after 2050, hydrogen transportation must become the norm as we move into a sustainable energy sector by 2100. Fuel-cell vehicles will be able to run off hydrogen more efficiently and be far cleaner than conventional gas-powered vehicles. As production of fossil fuels slows and proven reserves fall, prices will rise and alternative sources will become economically competitive with fossil fuels. Nuclear, geothermal, wind, PV, and wave energy will all be needed to provide for the total global energy demands. A hydrogen platform will also be developed through this century for the transportation sector. Hydrogen will serve as an energy carrier for vehicles and will be used as a form of chemical storage for energy in stationary applications, produced most likely by off-peak excess power. Based on the above information, all countries in the world can be analyzed to assess their potential to become early adopters for hydrogen energy. Even though a basic statistical approach might not provide very accurate results, it provides an insight on early adopters and the status of countries in terms of several commonly measured properties.
Since the use of poison gas during the First World War and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan at the end of the Second World War, nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) weapons have registered high on the fears of governments and individuals alike. Recognising both the particular horror of these weapons, and their potential for inflicting mass death and destruction, much effort has been expended in finding ways to eliminate such weapons on a multi-lateral level. Based on extensive official archives, this book looks at how successive British governments approached the subject of control and disarmament between 1956 and 1975. This period reflects the UK's landmark decision in 1956 to abandon its offensive chemical weapons programme (a decision that was reversed in 1963, but never fully implemented), and ends with the internal travails over the possible use of CR (tear gas) in Northern Ireland. Whilst the issue of nuclear arms control has been much debated, the integration of biological and chemical weapons into the wider disarmament picture is much less well understood, there being no clear statement by the UK authorities for much of the period under review in this book as to whether the country even possessed such weapons or had an active research and development programme. Through a thorough exploration of government records the book addresses fundamental questions relating to the history of NBC weapons programmes, including the military, economic and political pressures that influenced policy; the degree to which the UK was a reluctant or enthusiastic player on the international arms control stage; and the effect of international agreements on Britain's weapons programmes. In exploring these issues, the study provides the first attempt to assess UK NBC arms control policy and practice during the Cold War.
This book explores the meanings assigned to goods sold retail from 1550 to 1820 and how their labels were understood. The first half of the book focuses on mercantile language more broadly; how it was used in trade and how lexicographers approached new vocabularies. In the second half, the author turns to the goods themselves, and their relationships with such terms as ‘luxury’, ‘choice’ and ‘love’. The study of consumables opens up new ways of looking at the everyday language of the early modern period as well as the experiences of trade and consumption for merchant and consumer.
In recent years, social and legal historians have called into question the degree to which the labour that fuelled and sustained industrialization in England was actually ‘free’. The corpus of statutes known as master and servant law has been a focal point of interest: throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, at the behest of employers, mine owners, and manufacturers, Parliament regularly supplemented and updated the provisions of these statutes with new legislation which contained increasingly harsh sanctions for workers who left work, performed it poorly, or committed acts of misbehaviour. The statutes were characterized by a double standard of sanctions, which treated workers’ breach of contract as a criminal offence, but offered only civil remedies for the broken promises of employers. Surprisingly little scholarship has looked into resistance to the Master and Servant laws. This book examines the tactics, rhetoric and consequences of a sustained legal and political campaign by English and Welsh trade unions, Chartists, and a few radical solicitors against the penal sanctions of employment law during the mid-nineteenth century. By bringing together historical narratives that are all too frequently examined in isolation, Christopher Frank is able to draw new conclusions about the development of the English legal system, trade unionism and popular politics of the period. The author demonstrates how the use of imprisonment for breach of a labour contract under master and servant law, and its enforcement by local magistrates, played a significant role in shaping labour markets, disciplining workers and combating industrial action in many regions of England and Wales, and further into the British Empire. By combining social and legal history the book reveals the complex relationship between parliamentary legislation, its interpretation by the high courts, and its enforcement by local officials. This work marks an important contribution to legal history, Chartist scholarship and to the social history of the nineteenth century more broadly.
A popular crowd-pleaser in the late 16th and mid-17th century, the dramatic jig was a short, comic, bawdy musical-drama which included elements of dance, slapstick and disguise. With a cast of ageing cuckolds and young head-strong wives, knavish clowns, roaring soldiers and country bumpkins, jigs often followed as afterpieces at London’s playhouses, and were performed at fairs, in villages and in private houses. Troublesome to the authorities, they drew the crowds by offering a lively antidote to more sober theatrical fare. This performance edition presents for the first time nine examples of English dramatic jigs from the late sixteenth century through to the Restoration; the scripts are re-united as far as possible with their original tunes. It gives a comprehensive history, discusses sources, plots, instrumentation and dancing, and offers practical information on staging jigs today. Includes: Transcriptions of the original texts Contextual notes: plot synopses and discussion of sources, themes and audience reception Musical notation for each tune, with suggestions for underlay and chords, and notes on instrumention and style Appendix of dance instructions and reconstructions
In any U. S. army unit of nine soldiers, one could find an Italian from New Jersey, a Jew from the Bronx, an Irishman from New York, a Swede from Minnesota, a good old boy from Georgia, a swaggering Texan, a smooth-faced Californian, a Bible reader from Tennessee, and a hayseed from North Dakota." Together they discover that serving their country during World War II was not just a duty, but also an honor and a privilege. Filled with warmth and humor, sadness and extraordinary horror, this is a real soldier's unforgettable story, having been a witness to and a participant in an event as monumental as any in history.
All of us, at least those of us residing in countries with a high level of economic development, or relatively high, have the feeling that theres an increasingly rise in obesity in our society. In contrast, helping humans gain weight, which is no longer a common occurrence, or creating things that supposedly help them lose weight, has become a gigantic business. It is openly knowm that this obesity epidemic is not only extended further, but it is also being noticed at an earlier age: obese individuals are more and more precocious (like geniuses, but in larger numbers) and this fact has a threatening significance. We decided to explore this history; the history of obesity and its multiple interactions with the evolution of society and mankind. This is not a diet book, or a book with weigth loss treatments, even though, they will undoubtedly be mentioned. It is simply a brief tale of how mankind has become bigger, thicker, and more obese. How and perhaps why, this obesity scenario is one of the most common in every city (and in the fields) around the planet. Concisely, a brief tale of obesity.
War is traditionally considered a male experience. By extension, the genre of war literature is a male-dominated field, and the tale of the battlefield remains the privileged (and only canonised) war story. In Australia, although women have written extensively about their wartime experiences, their voices have been distinctively silenced. Shooting Blanks at the Anzac Legend calls for a re-definition of war literature to include the numerous voices of women writers, and further recommends a re-reading of Australian national literatures, with women’s war writing foregrounded, to break the hold of a male-dominated literary tradition and pass on a vital, but unexplored, women’s tradition. Shooting Blanks at the Anzac Legend examines the rich body of World Wars I and II and Vietnam War literature by Australian women, providing the critical attention and treatment that they deserve. Donna Coates records the reaction of Australian women writers to these conflicts, illuminating the complex role of gender in the interpretation of war and in the cultural history of twentieth-century Australia. By visiting an astonishing number of unfamiliar, non-canonical texts, Shooting Blanks at the Anzac Legend profoundly alters our understanding of how Australian women writers have interpreted war, especially in a nation where the experience of colonising a frontier has spawned enduring myths of identity and statehood.
This book is an attempt to synthesize the logic of mathematics, organizational behavioral/ management policy of an MBA and ecclesial scholarship of a Doctorate of Strategic Leadership into the pages of one book. This book begins with the premise that, similar to corporate leaders, faith-based leaders are also capable of implementing these skills and resources to maximize the efficiency of church organizations. It is critical that they have a full toolkit of resources to leverage when administering their organizations. It also acknowledges and recognizes that a life fully engaged in active ministry doesn’t necessarily allow time to pursue degrees in each of the aforementioned subjects. As a result, Dr. Bell has attempted to create a medium through which ecclesial practitioners and scholars may review these various topics to obtain insight. Similar to survey courses in college, readers should see it as a beginning point for further exploration. Take from it what you will and apply it to your God-given vision. Use it as a springboard to the progressively revealed Will of God for the effective administration of your call.
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