The goal of this book is to provide correctional supervisors and others tasked with the responsibility of conducting internal investigations with the information and tools to become proficient and meet the state and federal court mandates and expectations of quality. The procedures and tasks in this book serve as a proactive means of preventing correctional supervisors from being charged with failure to conduct a proper investigation and/or being part of a cover-up. For correctional managers and others reviewing supervisory investigations, this book provides the critical information that you should look for before approving and passing on such investigations. This book is pursuant to correctional case law, expert opinions of authorities in the field of corrections, professional investigative agencies, and this authors over thirty years of experience in conducting investigations in law enforcement and corrections.
This is a management project (change project) in response to local New York City newspapers who reported in 1987, that the New York City Department of Correction had the highest absentee rate of any municipal agency. This resulted in the highest overtime budget. The change project assisted in saving New York City millions of dollars annually in the reduction of staff overtime, increasing staff morale and promoting unity and team work.
The goal of this book is to provide correctional supervisors and others tasked with the responsibility of conducting internal investigations with the information and tools to become proficient and meet the state and federal court mandates and expectations of quality. The procedures and tasks in this book serve as a proactive means of preventing correctional supervisors from being charged with failure to conduct a proper investigation and/or being part of a cover-up. For correctional managers and others reviewing supervisory investigations, this book provides the critical information that you should look for before approving and passing on such investigations. This book is pursuant to correctional case law, expert opinions of authorities in the field of corrections, professional investigative agencies, and this authors over thirty years of experience in conducting investigations in law enforcement and corrections.
This is a management project (change project) in response to local New York City newspapers who reported in 1987, that the New York City Department of Correction had the highest absentee rate of any municipal agency. This resulted in the highest overtime budget. The change project assisted in saving New York City millions of dollars annually in the reduction of staff overtime, increasing staff morale and promoting unity and team work.
The Council of Clermont of 535 was one of the early synods of the Frankish church. Held at the Roman city of Arvernum, (later named Clermont), it was attended by fifteen prelates of the kingdom of Austrasia under the presidency of Honoratus, the bishop of Bourges. Among those bishops attending were: St. Gal, bishop of Clermont, Gramatius, Bishop of Windisch, and Nicetius of Trier. Frankish bishops tended to consult records of previous ecclesiastical legislation from the older Gallic church. At times this council is referenced as the Second Council of Clermont, and is frequently confused with the synod of the same name in 1095 under Pope Urban II.
The First Council of Lyon was the thirteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, taking place in southern France in 1245 AD. It was presided over by Pope Innocent IV, who was threatened by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, , and early the following year he summoned the Church's bishops to the council later that same year. Some two hundred and fifty prelates responded including the Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, and Aquileia, as well as 140 bishops. With Rome under siege by Emperor Frederick II, the pope used the council to excommunicate and depose the emperor with Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem, as well as the Portuguese King Sancho II. The council also directed a new crusade (the Seventh Crusade), under the command of Louis IX of France, to reconquer the Holy Land.
This is the first volume of the book of Armenian saints for the month of Navasard. Each entry contains the account and hagiography about a saint that is sentinel to the Armenian Apostolic Church. For the month of Navasard specifically, emphasis is placed on St. Thomas the Apostle, St. Bartholomew, the alleged founder of the ancient church, and various Imperial martyrs that faced their death during the height of the Diocletian persecution.
This book provides a unique work of reference cutting across ancient cultural divisions within Dark Age Britain, and it enables the reader to follow the careers of people as far apart in time and place as the early Kentish kings and Viking earls of Orkney. Entries range from well-known characters such as Merlin, Alfred the Great, the historian Bede and the Danish warlord Cnut to the more obscure Pictish kings and abbots of Iona. Each entry is presented in a succinct and compact form in an easily accessible A to Z format. Here experts on a multitude of early historic peoples in Britain have brought together a dossier of scholarly findings on all those whose lives can be reconstructed from an examination of early source material, incorporating the very latest research. Englishmen from Wessex to Northumbria, Welshmen and Cornishmen, Northern Britons, Scots and Picts, Scandinavians from the Danelaw and York as well as from the Viking earldom of Orkney and the Southern Isles, all take their place in this wide-ranging survey of the people of Dark Age Britain. This detailed work of reference, supplemented by chronological and genealogical tables, will be an essential tool for all those with an interest in Dark Age Britain.
This book shall serve as a reference book for students, teachers, and researchers and for all those interested in bees and beekeeping. This book will be useful to all those who wish to make beekeeping their hobby or as profession, entrepreneurs and even layman. Besides, the information provided in this book will be useful to pollination biologists, students, teachers, scientists of agriculture, animal behaviour, botany, conservation, biology, ecology, entomology, environmental biology, forestry, genetics, plant breeding, horticulture, toxicology, zoology, seed growers and seed agencies. It will be highly useful to motivate the young generation to fascinating world of honeybees and adopt beekeeping as a profession. Book as a guide for their problems & evolving strategies.
First published in 1956, this book presents an account regarding the legal principles governing the consequences of changes of sovereignty, focusing particularly on British practice during the preceding 150 years. The legal principles governing British practice are compared with those of other states in order to record the main points of doctrinal agreement or divergence.
This collection of texts consists of several historical documents from the early 12th century, detailing the privileges and rights assigned to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre by the Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem and King Baldwin I, and his regal successors. It discusses the establishment of prebends, the appointment of church officials, and the governance structure of the Church in Jerusalem. These documents highlight the collaboration between the church and the Jerusalemite crusader monarchy, emphasizing the importance of maintaining ecclesiastical order and the protection of church properties. The text also addresses penalties for violations against these decrees, reinforcing the sanctity of the church's rights, and the protection of the orders properties in the region.
Vox in Excelso' is the name of a bull issued by Pope Clement V on March 22, 1312. The directives given within the papal bull were to formally dissolve the Order of the Knights Templar, effectively removing papal support for them and revoking their papal charter and mandates given to them by previous popes. All properties that they have are forfeited to various agencies as dispensed by the church.
A set of eight volumes, these texts are designed to cover the literature of taxation from the late-17th century to the end of the 19th century. The writings focus on a number of themes, reflecting in turn the problems which revenue raisers have encountered over two centuries.
In the first book systematically to give evidence of conjugal co-rule at an Italian Renaissance court, and the first full length scholarly study of Isabella d'Este and Francesco Gonzaga, Sarah Cockram shows their relationship in an entirely new light. The book draws on (and presents) a large amount of unpublished archival material, including almost unprecedented surviving correspondence between and around these Renaissance princely rulers. Using these sources, Cockram shows Isabella and Francesco's strategic teamwork in action, illuminating tactics of collaboration and dissimulation. She also reveals behind-the-scenes diplomatic activity; court procedures; sexual politics and seduction; gift-giving and network-building; rivalries, intrigues and assassinations. Several epistolary themes emerge: insights into the couple's communication practices and double-dealing, their use of intermediaries, and attention to security matters. This book's analysis of Isabella's co-rule with her husband, supported by other members of the Gonzaga dynasty, sees her sometimes in the role of subordinate partner, sometimes guiding the couple's actions. It shows how, despite appearances at times, the couple shared common diplomatic policy as well as human, material, and cultural resources; joint administration; and the exercise of authority and justice. Thus emerges a three-dimensional picture of the mechanisms of power and power sharing in the age of Machiavelli.
This is a collection of three books containing the correspondence of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph I. Most of his letters are composed to other vassals within the realm, but much of it has to do with the ecclesiastial affairs of the empires, his political dealings with Roman Papacy, international relationships relating to the state and to the Holy Land. Rudolph's work would help transition Germany out of the Medieval period, and he would be a forerunner for the coming Habsburg dynasty of Europe, which would come to sit upon the thrones of most of Western Europe. This work is an unparalleled glimpse into his thoughts and courtly behaviors.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Randomization and Approximation Techniques in Computer Science, RANDOM 2002, held in Cambridge, MA, USA in September 2002. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. Among the topics addressed are coding, geometric computations, graph colorings, random hypergraphs, graph computations, lattice computations, proof systems, probabilistic algorithms, derandomization, constraint satisfaction, and web graphs analysis.
This is a short library of some of the pastoral works of Pope Innocent IV, during his tenure over the Roman church inthe 13th century. This includes the papal bulls: Dei Patris Inmensa (1245), Viam Agnoscere Veritatis (1248), Inter Personas Alias (1243), and Universis Christi Fidelibus (1250).
A council, usually called the Synod of St-Basle, was convoked at Reims by King Hugues Capet, assisted by Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II, to consider the case of Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims, illegitimate son of the late King Lothair. Arnulf was accused of conspiring with his uncle, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, against Hugh Capet. He was duly deposed by the council, and Gerbert appointed in his place. This was done without the approval of Pope John XV, who refused to accept either Arnulf's removal or Gerbert's appointment. The matter dragged on until 995 when Arnulf was restored, and was only completely resolved by Pope Gregory V in 997.
The volume by John of Damascus addresses the theological debates concerning the nature of Christ and the Holy Trinity. It critiques the views of various heretical groups, including Arius, Eunomius, and Nestorius, who misunderstand the relationship between the divine and human natures of Christ. The text emphasizes that while Christ is one person, He possesses two distinct natures—divine and human—without confusion or division. It also explores the implications of these doctrines for understanding the essence and hypostasis within the Trinity, ultimately advocating for a clear and orthodox understanding of Christ's nature.
Opponents rarely go to war without thinking they can win--and clearly, one side must be wrong. This conundrum lies at the heart of the so-called "war puzzle": rational states should agree on their differences in power and thus not fight. But as Dominic Johnson argues in Overconfidence and War, states are no more rational than people, who are susceptible to exaggerated ideas of their own virtue, of their ability to control events, and of the future. By looking at this bias--called "positive illusions"--as it figures in evolutionary biology, psychology, and the politics of international conflict, this book offers compelling insights into why states wage war. Johnson traces the effects of positive illusions on four turning points in twentieth-century history: two that erupted into war (World War I and Vietnam); and two that did not (the Munich crisis and the Cuban missile crisis). Examining the two wars, he shows how positive illusions have filtered into politics, causing leaders to overestimate themselves and underestimate their adversaries--and to resort to violence to settle a conflict against unreasonable odds. In the Munich and Cuban missile crises, he shows how lessening positive illusions may allow leaders to pursue peaceful solutions. The human tendency toward overconfidence may have been favored by natural selection throughout our evolutionary history because of the advantages it conferred--heightening combat performance or improving one's ability to bluff an opponent. And yet, as this book suggests--and as the recent conflict in Iraq bears out--in the modern world the consequences of this evolutionary legacy are potentially deadly.
In August 1087, a synod was held at Benevento which renewed the excommunication of the Antipope Clement III, the condemnation of lay investiture, proclaimed a crusade against the Saracens in northern Africa, and anathematised Hugh of Lyons and Richard, Abbot of Marseilles. This speech is one of the last public statements he made during his pontificate. Victor appears to frequently reference the Normans, who had recently established themselves in the region politically.
The profusion of medieval churches in Norfolk provides not only examples of beautiful church architecture, but also records life in their communities and offers an insight into the history of medieval England. The third revised and enlarged edition of The Guide to Norfolk Churches contains an encyclopaedic glossary and a detailed index, which contrbute to the comprehensive survey provided by this guide. This indespensible guide to the 'living' medieval churches of Norfolk helps the visitor to understand both the general features of churches and the unique aspects of those in different areas. The guide is generously illustrated with photographs, line drawings and a detailed map to aid in locating each church within the county. The expanded reference section is designed to answer a host of questions which may tease the church visitor. For example, what symbols are used to represent particular saints? Why do so many Norfolk churches stand isolated from their villages? And why does thepagan Green Man find a place in our Christian churches? This book provides the answers to these and other questions. Written by enthusiasts for both the churches and the county in which they stand, the great appeal of this guide is that, once thecode of church architecture has been broken and the language learned, every church, be it ever so humble, is shown to be unique, with its own story to offer. This guide provides the key. In this, his revised guide to Norfolk churches, Mr Mortlock has provided us with a fascinating and illuminating description of each and every one he has visited. Armed with this guide the visitor cannot fail to enjoy exploring our lovely churches and having done so, it is my earnest hope that he or she willbe inspired to lend their support to these marvellous symbols of our heritage. From the Foreword by the Countess of Leicester
At various point during the tenure of the Carolingian dynasty, it was necessary to resolve dynastic disputes through the intervention of ecclesiastical synods with the public task of electing a monarch for the realm from the family of Charles the Great. Enclosed in this short volume are the documents relating directly to four of these elections, for the persons of: Boso of Provence, Eudes of France, Louis III the Blind, and Guy II of Italy.
Bessarion (sometimes with the prenomen John of Basil), the famous Greek Orthodox bishop who involved himself in ecumenical dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church composed this work of apologetics, following the failed union of churches at the Council of Florence. He attempts to report on and display the common doctrinal ground that is at the root of East-West Christian dialogue to his fellow Greek bishops, many of whom were living in exile, or under Turkish domination. His primary opponent in this text is the Byzantine scholar Gregory Palamas, who firmly denied the validity of the Latin filoque.
The First Synod of Arles was one of the first church bodies to legally meet within the Roman Empire. It took place a year after the Edict of Milan, jointly issued east and west, in which Christianity became a legal religion within the Roman state. This council was the first called by Constantine I the Great, and would be the forerunner for the much larger First Council of Nicaea. It attempted to address: the date of Easter, Donatism, excommunication of prostitutes and charioteers, regulation of clergy, anabaptism, and clarification of the rite of baptism for those entering the faith.
This Book Provides General Information In The Area Of Environmental Science, Microbiology And Biotechnology. Keeping In View The Recent Advances In These Disciplines, This Book Aims To Focus On The Application Of Microbiology And Biotechnology In Tackling The Environmental Issues Viz., Role Of Microbes In Waste Management, Bioremediation, Health & Hygiene, Biological Control And Plant Productivity, Biofertilizers, Vermiculture And Biocomposting.This Book Offers An Exhaustive And Authentic Account Of Integral Relationship Of Microbiology, Biotechnology With Environmental Science. Students From All These Disciplines Would Find This Book As An Authentic Source Of Information And Would Be Immensely Benefited.This Book Includes The Matter Required By Both Under-Graduate And Post-Graduate Students Including Researchers, Who Are Genuinely Interested In Knowing The Applied Aspect Of Microbiology, Biotechnology Particularly With Reference To Environmental Issues. Since Every Chapter Starts With A Basic Concept Of Problems And Issues, It Easily Enables The Readers To Comprehend The Subject In A Lucid Manner.
A set of eight volumes, these texts are designed to cover the literature of taxation from the late-17th century to the end of the 19th century. The writings focus on a number of themes, reflecting in turn the problems which revenue raisers have encountered over two centuries.
A very timely book."—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New America How cognitive biases can guide good decision making in politics and international relations A widespread assumption in political science and international relations is that cognitive biases—quirks of the brain we all share as human beings—are detrimental and responsible for policy failures, disasters, and wars. In Strategic Instincts, Dominic Johnson challenges this assumption, explaining that these nonrational behaviors can actually support favorable results in international politics and contribute to political and strategic success. By studying past examples, he considers the ways that cognitive biases act as “strategic instincts,” lending a competitive edge in policy decisions, especially under conditions of unpredictability and imperfect information. Drawing from evolutionary theory and behavioral sciences, Johnson looks at three influential cognitive biases—overconfidence, the fundamental attribution error, and in-group/out-group bias. He then examines the advantageous as well as the detrimental effects of these biases through historical case studies of the American Revolution, the Munich Crisis, and the Pacific campaign in World War II. He acknowledges the dark side of biases—when confidence becomes hubris, when attribution errors become paranoia, and when group bias becomes prejudice. Ultimately, Johnson makes a case for a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive biases and argues that in the complex world of international relations, strategic instincts can, in the right context, guide better performance. Strategic Instincts shows how an evolutionary perspective can offer the crucial next step in bringing psychological insights to bear on foundational questions in international politics.
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