The objective of this book is to make analytical methods available to students of ecology. The text deals with concepts of energy exchange, gas exchange, and chemical kinetics involving the interactions of plants and animals with their environments. The first four chapters are designed to show the applications of biophysical ecology in a preliminary, sim plified manner. Chapters 5-10, treating the topics of radiation, convec tion, conduction, and evaporation, are concerned with the physical environment. The spectral properties of radiation and matter are thoroughly described, as well as the geometrical, instantaneous, daily, and annual amounts of both shortwave and longwave radiation. Later chapters give the more elaborate analytical methods necessary for the study of photosynthesis in plants and energy budgets in animals. The final chapter describes the temperature responses of plants and animals. The discipline of biophysical ecology is rapidly growing, and some important topics and references are not included due to limitations of space, cost, and time. The methodology of some aspects of ecology is illustrated by the subject matter of this book. It is hoped that future students of the subject will carry it far beyond its present status. Ideas for advancing the subject matter of biophysical ecology exceed individual capacities for effort, and even today, many investigators in ecology are studying subjects for which they are inadequately prepared. The potential of modern science, in the minds and hands of skilled investigators, to of the interactions of organisms with their advance our understanding environment is enormous.
The biblical figure of Moses has been the center of fascination for over 2,000 years, but what do we actually know about him? Was he a real person? Did the Exodus truly happen? Or is the story in the Pentateuch a mythical account written centuries after the alleged events? Why does Moses's story resemble that of other, older lawgivers and legendary predecessors? Why are there so many elements of sun and wine god myths in the tale of Moses? What does the focus on the serpent in his story signify? Who were Yahweh and the Elohim? Did Moses Exist? includes: Maps and 126 illustrations Extensive bibliography, table of contents and index Hundreds of footnotes and citations from primary sources in multiple languages Best modern scholarship from credentialed authorities Did Moses Exist? provides a massive amount of information from antiquity about the world's religious traditions and mythology, including how solar myths, wine cultivation and fertility cults have shaped the Bible and Judaism. This book may be the most comprehensive study to date, using the best scholarship and state-of-the-art research methods. "The existence of Moses as well as the veracity of the Exodus story is disputed amongst archaeologists and Egyptologists, with experts in the field of biblical criticism citing logical inconsistencies, new archaeological evidence, historical evidence and related origin myths in Canaanite culture." --"Moses," Wikipedia "There is no historical evidence outside of the Bible, no mention of Moses outside the Bible, and no independent confirmation that Moses ever existed." --Dr. Michael D. Coogan, lecturer on the Old Testament at Harvard Divinity School "We cannot be sure that Moses ever lived because there are no traces of his earthly existence outside of tradition." --Egyptologist Dr. Jan Assmann, Moses the Egyptian "The life of Moses contains elements--canonical and apocryphal--that mark him as a true mythic hero, and certainly he is Judaism's greatest hero and the central figure in Hebrew mythology." --Dr. David Leeming, The Oxford Companion to World Mythology "...the stories of the creation, of the flood, of Abraham, of Jacob, of the descent into and the exodus from Egypt, of the career of Moses and the Jews in the desert, of Joshua and his soldiers, of the judges and their clients, are all apocryphal, and were fabricated at a late period of Jewish history." --Dr. Thomas Inman, Ancient Faiths and Modern Table of Contents List of Illustrations Preface Introduction Who Wrote the Pentateuch? Was Moses an Egyptian Pharaoh or Priest? The Exodus as History? The Exodus in Ancient Literature Hyksos and Lepers Who Were the Israelites? The Exodus as Myth The Lawgiver Archetype The Dionysus Connection The Life of Dionysus The Vine and Wine The Great God Sun Yahweh and the Sun Moses as Solar Hero Conclusion Bibliography Index
In vivo magnetic resonance spectrosopy (MRS) is increasingly being used in the clinical setting, particularly for neurological disorders. Clinical MR Spectroscopy – Techniques and Applications explains both the underlying physical principles of MRS and provides a perceptive review of clinical MRS applications. Topics covered include an introduction to MRS physics, information content of spectra from different organ systems, spectral analysis methods, recommended protocols and localization techniques, and normal age- and region-related spectral variations in the brain. Clinical applications in the brain are discussed for brain tumors, hypoxic and ischemic injury, infectious, inflammatory and demyelinating diseases, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, trauma and metabolic diseases. Outside of the brain, techniques and applications are discussed for MRS in the musculosketal system, breast and prostate. Written by leading MRS experts, this is an invaluable guide for anyone interested in in vivo MRS, including radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, oncologists and medical researchers.
In the present and subsequent volumes of this book, critical coverage of the literature will be combined with the fruits of original and highly relevant research carried out by Dr. D.M Aviado and his colleagues. The total effort constitutes an authoritative up-to-date appraisal of the knowledge needed to understand the inhalational toxicity and other biological effects of an important and ubiquitous class of chemical agents.
In a world rife with conflict and tension, how does a great power prosecute an irregular war at a great distance within the context of a regional struggle, all within a global competitive environment? The question, so pertinent today, was confronted by the British nearly 250 years ago during the American War for Independence. And the answer, as this book makes plain, is: not the way the British, under Lieutenant General Charles, Earl Cornwallis, went about it in the American South in the years 1778–81. Southern Gambit presents a closely observed, comprehensive account of this failed strategy. Approaching the campaign from the British perspective, this book restores a critical but little-studied chapter to the narrative of the Revolutionary War—and in doing so, it adds detail and depth to our picture of Cornwallis, an outsize figure in the history of the British Empire. Distinguished scholar of military strategy Stanley D. M. Carpenter outlines the British strategic and operational objectives, devoting particular attention to the strategy of employing Southern Loyalists to help defeat Patriot forces, reestablish royal authority, and tamp down resurgent Patriot activity. Focusing on Cornwallis’s operations in the Carolinas and Virginia leading to the surrender at Yorktown in October 1781, Carpenter reveals the flaws in this approach, most notably a fatal misunderstanding of the nature of the war in the South and of the Loyalists’ support. Compounding this was the strategic incoherence of seeking a conventional war against a brilliant, unconventional opponent, and doing so amidst a breakdown in the unity of command. Ultimately, strategic incoherence, ineffective command and control, and a misreading of the situation contributed to the series of cascading failures of the British effort. Carpenter’s analysis of how and why this happened expands our understanding of British decision-making and operations in the Southern Campaign and their fateful consequences in the War for Independence.
Learning and the E-Generation examines the impact of new and emerging digital technologies—from computers and tablets to social media and video games—on learners in formal and informal settings. Assesses the psychological factors at play, including social, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics that are influenced by exposure to technology Addresses the risks and benefits of 21st century digital technology on children and young adults Written by two experts in the field who draw on the latest research and practice from psychology, neuroscience, and education Discusses the potential of technology to make the learning process more authentic and engaging, as well as the obstacles which can prevent this from happening effectively
Group analysis of differential equations has applications to various problems in nonlinear mechanics and physics. Group-Theoretic Methods in Mechanics and Applied Mathematics systematizes the group analysis of the main postulates of classical and relativistic mechanics. Exact solutions are given for the following equations: dynamics of rigid body, heat transfer, wave, hydrodynamics, Thomas-Fermi, and more. The author pays particular attention to the application of group analysis to developing asymptotic methods for problems with small parameters. This book is designed for a broad audience of scientists, engineers, and students in the fields of applied mathematics, mechanics and physics.
Atlanta’s Virginia-Highland neighborhood: depending on who you talk to, it’s a historic suburb; or, a stylish entertainment district; or, a left-wing, political powerhouse; or a state-of-mind. It’s also where Donovan Ford, an über-hip New York columnist who’s unmotivated, under-employed and suddenly un-married, finds himself riding out his existential crisis. After years of writing about all that’s trendy and new, he’s begun to wonder what he has missed in life. That’s until his octogenarian Aunt DeLaine loads him into her biodiesel Rolls-Royce with a thermos of Manhattans. Over the course of a year, she takes him on a ride of discovery, introducing him to local customs, southern flora, and society fauna (aka, Atlanta's Grande Dames) ...not to mention himself.
Advances in Lasers and Applications opens with tutorial reviews of the underpinning science of diode pumped lasers, optical parametric oscillators, and ultrafast pulse generation. The book proceeds to the more specialized areas of waveguide lasers, ultrafast parametric amplification, visible solid-state lasers, materials, and diode pumps. The final sections present the applications of these sources to medicine, remote sensing and ranging, materials processing, and the widening set of applications for ultrashort pulses.
Managing the climate transition presents policymakers with a tradeoff between achieving climate goals, fiscal sustainability, and political feasibility, which calls for a fiscal balancing act with the right mix of policies. This paper develops a tractable dynamic general equilibrium model to quantify the fiscal impacts of various climate policy packages aimed at reaching net zero emissions by mid-century. Our simulations show that relying primarily on spending measures to deliver on climate ambitions will be costly, possibly raising debt by 45-50 percent of GDP by 2050. However, a balanced mix of carbon-pricing and spending-based policies can deliver on net zero with a much smaller fiscal cost, limiting the increase in public debt to 10-15 percent of GDP by 2050. Carbon pricing is central not only as an effective tool for emissions reduction but also as a revenue source. Delaying carbon pricing action could increase costs, especially if less effective measures are scaled up to meet climate targets. Technology spillovers can reduce the costs but bottlenecks in green investment could unwind the gains and slow the transition.
COVID Transmission Modeling: An Insight into Infectious Diseases Mechanism provides an interdisciplinary overview of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and covers various aspects of newer modeling techniques and practical solutions for health emergencies. This book aims to formulate various innovative and pragmatic mathematical, statistical, and epidemiological models using COVID-19 real data sets. It emphasizes interdisciplinary theoretical postulates derived from practical insights and knowledge of public health. Each of the book’s 12 chapters provides invaluable and exploratory tools to enable explicit assumptions, highlights key health indicators, and determines the geometric progression and control measures of the disease. The present developed models will allow readers to extrapolate the exact reason for the outbreak and pave the way for scientific information on vaccine trials and socioeconomic, psychological, and disease burden worldwide. These advanced techniques of modeling and their applications are in greater need than ever for effective connection between mathematicians, statisticians, epidemiologists, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers for making appropriate decisions at the right time. With the advent of emerging health science, all models are demonstrated with real-life data sets and provided with illustrations and eye-catching graphs and diagrams so that the readers can easily understand the concept of COVID-19 pandemic interventions and their control measures, and their impact. Features Addresses all aspects of mitigation/control measures, estimation of transmission rate, economic impact assessment, genetic complexity of COVID-19, herd immunity, and various methods, including newer mathematical, statistical, and epidemiological models in the analysis of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak Covers the application of innovative, advanced statistical and epidemiological models and demonstrates possible solutions toward supportive treatment aspects of COVID-19 and its control measures Includes models that can easily be followed in formulating the mathematical derivations and key points Supplemented with ample illustrations, images, diagrams, and figures This book is aimed at postgraduate students studying medicine and healthcare, mathematics, and statistical information. Researchers will also find this book very helpful.
Generative artificial intelligence (gen AI) holds immense potential to boost productivity growth and advance public service delivery, but it also raises profound concerns about massive labor disruptions and rising inequality. This note discusses how fiscal policies can be employed to steer the technology and its deployment in ways that serve humanity best while cushioning the negative labor market and distributional effects to broaden the gains. Given the vast uncertainty about the nature, impact, and speed of developments in gen AI, governments should take an agile approach that prepares them for both business as usual and highly disruptive scenarios.
The present volume does not deal with a single chemical but with three solvents and three propellants that are likely to be used in aerosol products. Although it is common practice to combine solvents and propellants in pressurized containers, there has been no previous attempt to examine each constituent singly and in combination.
Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this book an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications.
This comparative religion book contains a startling perspective of the extraordinary history of the Egyptian religion and its profound influence upon the later Christian faith. The text demonstrates that the popular god Horus and Jesus possessed many characteristics and attributes in common.
Audrey Marie Layne spent her summers in Muhlenburg County, Kentucky. There she met the Englishman, Andrew Townshend Grainger. She appraised him as not being aa] handsome or really unhandsome, for that matter.a Audrey was intrigued by the man, but he was a grown-up and that put him in another world as far as she was concerned. However, after a horseback riding accident that damaged the Englishmanas garden, their steel hearts bonded. He taught her to dance, and to make informed decisions on everything from art and music to politics. What did this little girl teach him? She didnat teach him anything that he didnat already know, but she gave him her trust and offered him her unconditional love. He rejected the latter gift. Then the battle began. A battle that didnat end until 36 years laterawhen she cried.
Queen Victoria's son, Prince Leopold, died from haemophilia, but no member of the royal family before his generation had suffered from the condition. Medically, there are only two possibilities: either one of Victoria's parents had a 1 in 50,000 random mutation, or Victoria was the illegitimate child of a haemophiliac man. However the haemophilia gene arose, it had a profound effect on history. Two of Victoria's daughters were silent carriers who passed the disease to the Spanish and Russian royal families. The disease played a role in the origin of the Spanish Civil War; and the tsarina's concern over her only son's haemophilia led to the entry of Rasputin into the royal household, contributing directly to the Russian revolution.
This paper analyses inflation dynamics in Bulgaria using different complementary econometrics technics. We find that common factors play a large role in the EU’s inflation variation but impact individual countries differently due to country-specific factors. Greater weight of energy and food in Bulgaria’s CPI basket amplifies the impact of shocks on headline inflation. Furthermore, second-round effects in Bulgaria are likely pronounced, associated with a higher inflation persistence compared to the EU countries. Recent ECB monetary tightening has been insufficient for Bulgaria and its transmission is weak. Fiscal policy supported the recovery from the COVID crisis but added to inflation.
Sistershow Revisited uses the antics of a Bristol-based theatre group to tell the history of feminism in Bristol 1973–75. Based on the Heritage Lottery Funded exhibition of the same name, it contains colour photographs, archival material, original articles and commentary.
Revealing the little-known facts of Harry Truman's remarkable military performance, as a soldier and as a politician, The Soldier from Independence adds a whole new dimension to the already fascinating character of the thirty-third president of the United States. D. M. Giangreco shows how, as a field artillery battery commander in World War I, Truman was already making the hard decisions that he knew to be right, regardless of personal consequences. Truman oversaw the conclusion of the Second World War, stood up to Stalin, and met the test of North Korea's invasion of the South. He also had the fortitude to defy Gen. Douglas MacArthur, one of America's most revered wartime leaders, and ultimately fired the Far East commander, often characterized as the American Caesar. Filling in the details behind these world-changing events, this military biography supplies a heretofore missing--and critical--chapter in the story of one of the nation's most important presidents. The Soldier from Independence recounts the World War I military adventure that would mark a turning point in the life of a humble man who would go on to become commander in chief.
Investigating the changing nature of lorship and peasant statuses, the transformation of estate structures, the emergence of villages, and the development of the parish system, D. M. Hadley also explains the peculiarities of the northern Danelaw and reassesses the impact of the Scandinavian settlements on its society and culture.A detailed local study is combined with a consideration of wider issues concerning Anglo-Saxon England and lond, and short-term changes unrelated to successive conquests.
This books documents the salient characters of the tectonic evolution of the Indian subcontinent. It showcases the well investigated subcontinent of Gondwana. The book is linked to an updated geological and tectonic map of this region on 1:12,000,000 in scale. The Indian subcontinent displays almost uninterrupted and unique the geological history since about Eo-Archean (~3800 Ma) to recent, with the development of many Proterozoic deformed and metamorphosed fold belts around Archean nuclei, and enormously thick undeformed platform deposits. After their stabilization during late Proterozoic, the subcontinent underwent Paleozoic rifting and deposition of coal-bearing thick sequences, followed by enormously-thick outpouring of Deccan volcanics as a consequence of huge mantle plume. The youngest event in its evolution is the Cenozoic Himalayan Orogenic Mountains, spanning the area between Nanga Parbat and Namcha Barwah; a part of which extends both in Pakistan and Myanmar.
This is the story of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries, the most notorious police forces in the history of the British Isles. During the Irish War of Independence (1920-1), the British government recruited thousands of ex-soldiers to serve as constables in the Royal Irish Constabulary, the Black and Tans, while also raising a paramilitary raiding force of ex-officers - the Auxiliary Division. From the summer of 1920 to the summer of 1921, these forces became the focus of bitter controversy. As the struggle for Irish independence intensified, the police responded to ambushes and assassinations by the guerrillas with reprisals and extrajudicial killings. Prisoners and suspects were abused and shot, the homes and shops of their families and supporters were burned, and the British government was accused of imposing a reign of terror on Ireland. Based on extensive archival research, this is the first serious study of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries and the part they played in the Irish War of Independence. Dr Leeson examines the organization and recruitment of the British police, the social origins of police recruits, and the conditions in which they lived and worked, along with their conduct and misconduct once they joined the force, and their experiences and states of mind. For the first time, it tells the story of the Irish conflict from the police perspective, while casting new light on the British government's responsibility for reprisals, the problems of using police to combat insurgents, and the causes of atrocities in revolutionary wars.
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