We are in the presence of a recent scientific paper, an analysis prepared with professionalism, which deals with a topic of great relevance in the inter-human and inter-state relations that contemporaneity has brought to today's society. The paper aims to know the international law of investment as a require to understand the connection between international investment and the science of law, and can be used as a subject (course) of university study. Mrs. Cristina Popa Tache, PhD., presented several proposals aimed at contributing to the regulation of the legal regime of foreign investment and concluded that it can be seen that the legal regime of foreign investment can evolve only through cooperation in this area of all specialists to strengthen legislative, economic and social cohesion, by creating a comprehensive legislative framework, as well as by promoting appropriate government policies. I would like to accentuate once again the special value of this research work in the international context of a topic full of interest in current international relations. Recommending the reading of a wide circle of people interested in the field of international foreign investment law, I am convinced that those who know this monograph will considerably enrich their information in view of understanding a very current and useful phenomenon for this field of information and legal culture. PhD. Ianfred Silberstein
Firs and pines dominated the global picture of the raw materials for paper industry until the 1950s. At that time, the interest in introducing new species, mostly hardwoods, led the researchers intensify efforts to look for the fibrous characteristics and their combinations that could represent the relationship between fibres, pulp and paper.The pulp and paper industry has shown, mainly in the last two decades, a strong North-South displacement. This is to a large extent due to the favourable climate, which promote the development of the trees. Similarly, the paper fibres have gone from being almost exclusively softwoods from natural forests of the Northern-Hemisphere cold regions, such as spruce and fir, to fast growing species of short fibres, such as eucalyptus, and willow and poplar hybrids from plantations.These new species, that begin to dominate the paper panorama, not only differ from classic ones in fibre length, but they present particular characteristics, like large amounts of juvenile wood, different fibrillar angle and so on, because trees are used increasingly at younger age.This leads us to question whether the old paradigms concerning the relationships between fibres characteristics and pulp properties are still valid or should be reviewed and updated, in which case, the basic fibre parameters, their influence in pulping and refining, and their impact on paper quality should be redefined.To establish the state-of-the-art on the topic, this book analyses the publications of the last decade to verify the morphological characteristics of the fibres which are nowadays considered relevant. Relatively recent data were surveyed because of the continuous changes that occur in the species by genetic improvement.
Discussing the standards of legal treatment for international investment, means subjecting the law branch in its entirety to research. Representing the most comprehensive part, of particular importance for international investment law, treatment standards continue to generate a series of differentiations whose understanding and approach often require the analysis of the starting points that led to the emergence, by division, of this branch of law. International investment treatment standards represent or should represent the direct effect of the principles of international investment law, thus being their expression, with a pronounced logical affinity between them. Specifically, they are not confused with the principles, but they are the practical reflection at the level of rights and obligations, applicable to the performers in this field, in the highlight of the theoretical-practical aspect, having a customary origin, as well as the principles underlying their development. Following this logic and analyzing the situation of the latest investment treaties, it turns out that there is an insufficiency in the preponderance of treatment standards, compared to the principles, much more numerous and constantly expanding, of this field of law. The specificity of this branch of law consists in the emphasis on its fundamental concepts, essentializing what determines the whole, being considered as a science of essentialization and, ultimately, the role of any method of scientific research is to analyze, discover and highlight what this branch of law represents, as a whole, what determines it, the connections of this ensemble with other sciences, the composition and structuring of the system and the substantiation of the connections between its components. The standards of legal treatment of international investments settled with the individualization of international investment law. Their appearance took place gradually, depending on the path marked by the stages of emergence and evolution of the legal regime of foreign investment, from the legal phenomenon to the branch of law, from trade in general to foreign investment in particular. In all of this, legal scientific research plays a key role because any codification activity must be scientifically substantiated. Any codification policy must ensure a balance between the diachrony and the synchrony of international investment law (between the dynamics and the statics of this law). A complete analysis of the treatment standards of international investments can be performed only by a close correlation because the singular existence of a standard specific to this field is excluded from the start. The importance of establishing and existence of eloquent and integrated treatment standards is a condition for survival under international economic crises. The main feature of this monograph is to present the subject in a way that is as easy to understand as possible to study and apply such rules, being a very useful and valuable material for students, masters, doctoral students, theoreticians and practitioners.
If you are tired of your child spending too much time in front of screens, this is the perfect activity book for you. This will make him/her more aware of nature and animals around us. This book contains a lot of interesting and funny facts, such as: Monarch butterflies are known as the kings of farts. Frogs can't eat with their eyes open. Ants do not have ears or lungs. The activities inside can be done with the entire family for a great bonding experience. This is a perfect gift for little ones.
We are in the presence of a recent scientific paper, an analysis prepared with professionalism, which deals with a topic of great relevance in the inter-human and inter-state relations that contemporaneity has brought to today's society. The paper aims to know the international law of investment as a require to understand the connection between international investment and the science of law, and can be used as a subject (course) of university study. Mrs. Cristina Popa Tache, PhD., presented several proposals aimed at contributing to the regulation of the legal regime of foreign investment and concluded that it can be seen that the legal regime of foreign investment can evolve only through cooperation in this area of all specialists to strengthen legislative, economic and social cohesion, by creating a comprehensive legislative framework, as well as by promoting appropriate government policies. I would like to accentuate once again the special value of this research work in the international context of a topic full of interest in current international relations. Recommending the reading of a wide circle of people interested in the field of international foreign investment law, I am convinced that those who know this monograph will considerably enrich their information in view of understanding a very current and useful phenomenon for this field of information and legal culture. PhD. Ianfred Silberstein
Discussing the standards of legal treatment for international investment, means subjecting the law branch in its entirety to research. Representing the most comprehensive part, of particular importance for international investment law, treatment standards continue to generate a series of differentiations whose understanding and approach often require the analysis of the starting points that led to the emergence, by division, of this branch of law. International investment treatment standards represent or should represent the direct effect of the principles of international investment law, thus being their expression, with a pronounced logical affinity between them. Specifically, they are not confused with the principles, but they are the practical reflection at the level of rights and obligations, applicable to the performers in this field, in the highlight of the theoretical-practical aspect, having a customary origin, as well as the principles underlying their development. Following this logic and analyzing the situation of the latest investment treaties, it turns out that there is an insufficiency in the preponderance of treatment standards, compared to the principles, much more numerous and constantly expanding, of this field of law. The specificity of this branch of law consists in the emphasis on its fundamental concepts, essentializing what determines the whole, being considered as a science of essentialization and, ultimately, the role of any method of scientific research is to analyze, discover and highlight what this branch of law represents, as a whole, what determines it, the connections of this ensemble with other sciences, the composition and structuring of the system and the substantiation of the connections between its components. The standards of legal treatment of international investments settled with the individualization of international investment law. Their appearance took place gradually, depending on the path marked by the stages of emergence and evolution of the legal regime of foreign investment, from the legal phenomenon to the branch of law, from trade in general to foreign investment in particular. In all of this, legal scientific research plays a key role because any codification activity must be scientifically substantiated. Any codification policy must ensure a balance between the diachrony and the synchrony of international investment law (between the dynamics and the statics of this law). A complete analysis of the treatment standards of international investments can be performed only by a close correlation because the singular existence of a standard specific to this field is excluded from the start. The importance of establishing and existence of eloquent and integrated treatment standards is a condition for survival under international economic crises. The main feature of this monograph is to present the subject in a way that is as easy to understand as possible to study and apply such rules, being a very useful and valuable material for students, masters, doctoral students, theoreticians and practitioners.
This book traces the struggles over the institutions of political representation in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on the factors that have held women back over the post-communist period, as well as on the growing evidence for change throughout the region. Post-communist Europe has long raised two puzzles for scholars of women’s representation in politics. First, why have women been under-represented in politics in every country in the region since communism’s collapse? Secondly, why are there relatively few cases where women’s advocates have been successful in pressing for change? This comparative study of Europe’s new democracies argues that these puzzles are best understood as questions about male dominance – that is, about the mechanisms that sustain, or, alternatively, change long-established patterns of male over-representation in politics over time. The author covers six EU member states – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia – during the period 1990-2016. The book will be of use to students and scholars in the fields of Comparative Politics, Democracy and Democratization, European Studies, Gender Studies, Post-Communist Studies, and Central and Eastern European Studies.
Agricultural and Food Electroanalysis offers a comprehensive rationale of electroanalysis, revealing its enormous potential in agricultural food analysis. A unique approach is used which fills a gap in the literature by bringing in applications to everyday problems. This timely text presents in-depth descriptions about different electrochemical techniques following their basic principles, instrumentation and main applications. Such techniques offer invaluable features such as inherent miniaturization, high sensitivity and selectivity, low cost, independence of sample turbidity, high compatibility with modern technologies such as microchips and biosensors, and the use of exciting nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires. Due to the advantages that modern electroanalytical techniques bring to food analysis, and the huge importance and emphasis given today to food quality and safety, this comprehensive work will be an essential read for professionals and researchers working in analytical laboratories and development departments, and a valuable guide for students studying for careers in food science, technology and chemistry.
In 1930s Bucharest, some of the country’s most brilliant young intellectuals converged to form the Criterion Association. Bound by friendship and the dream of a new, modern Romania, their members included historian Mircea Eliade, critic Petru Comarnescu, Jewish playwright Mihail Sebastian and a host of other philosophers and artists. Together, they built a vibrant cultural scene that flourished for a few short years, before fascism and scandal splintered their ranks. Cristina A. Bejan asks how the far-right Iron Guard came to eclipse the appeal of liberalism for so many of Romania’s intellectual elite, drawing on diaries, memoirs and other writings to examine the collision of culture and extremism in the interwar years. The first English-language study of Criterion and the most thorough to date in any language, this book grapples with the complexities of Romanian intellectual life in the moments before collapse.
This book offers the state of the art on the progress and accomplishments of 25 years of research at the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials on lignin conversion to value-added products and their downstream separation. The first valorisation pathway presented for lignin is its partial depolymerisation by oxidation for the production of low molecular weight phenolic compounds, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, and the second one is the lignin application as macromonomer for polyurethane synthesis. In this book, the authors present the integration of these two valorisation pathways as an exclusive vision of LSRE-LCM resulting from hands-on experience on reaction and separation processes: the integrated process for lignin valorisation. In this perspective, the lignin is oxidized to simultaneously produce syringaldehyde and vanillin, and the obtained by-products to produce a polyol for lignin-based polyurethanes, completing the lignin value chain. On the perspective of pulp mill-related biorefineries, a valorisation route for eucalyptus bark is also presented, focusing on LSRE-LCM experience on extraction and separation of bioactive polyphenols, giving some insights about further integration of extracted bark on biorefining operations.
Argues that new democracies face consolidation challenges due to campaign finance corruption and the unwillingness of politicians to reform rule of law enforcement. Mainstream theories assert that democracy cures corruption. In market economies, however, elections are expensive and parties, with ever-thinning memberships, cannot legally acquire the necessary campaign funds. In order to secure electoral funds, a large number of politicians misappropriate public funds. Due to the illicit character of these transactions, high officials with conflicts of interest prefer to leave anticorruption enforcement mechanisms unreformed and reserve the right to intervene in the judicial process, with dire consequences for the rule of law. In No Rule of Law, No Democracy, Cristina Nicolescu-Waggonner demonstrates that when corrupt politicians are in powertrue of nearly all new democraciesthey will protect their office and fail to implement rule of law reforms. Consequently, these polities never reach a point where democracy could and would cure corruption. This dysfunction is tested in one hundred cases over sixteen years with significant results. In the case of the Czech Republic, for example, which is regarded as a consolidated democracy, there is systematic corruption, misappropriation of state funds, an unreformed judiciary, and arbitrary application of law. The only solution is a powerful, independent, well-funded anticorruption agency. Romania, one of the most corrupt countries in Europe, established, at the European Unions request, powerful anticorruption bodies and punished corrupt leaders, which created the predictability of enforcement. It is the certainty of punishment that curtails corruption and establishes true rule of law.
Based on intensive ethnographic work in Romania and India conducted over six years, this book traces the struggle for social justice in Roma and Adivasi communities. Throughout centuries of persecution and marginalization, the Roma and Adivasi have been viewed as both victims and fighters, as royals and paupers, beasts and gods, and lately have been challenging the political and social order by defying the status quo. Different from commonly held suppositions that assume most marginalized and mobile communities typically resist the state and engage in hostile acts to undermine its authority, Power on the Move shows how these groups are willing to become full members. By utilizing different means, such as protests, sit-ins and grass roots organizing, they aim to gain the attention of the state (national and international), hoping to reach inclusion and access social justice.
When Cristina García's first novel, Dreaming in Cuban, was published in 1992, The New York Times called the author "a magical new writer...completely original." The book was nominated for a National Book Award, and reviewers everywhere praised it for the richness of its prose, the vivid drama of the narrative, and the dazzling illumination it brought to bear on the intricacies of family life in general and the Cuban American family in particular. Now, with The Agüero Sisters, García gives us her widely anticipated new novel. Large, vibrant, resonant with image and emotion, it tells a mesmerizing story about the power of family myth to mask, transform, and, finally, reveal the truth. It is the story of Reina and Constancia Agüero, Cuban sisters who have been estranged for thirty years. Reina, forty-eight years old, living in Cuba in the early 1990s, was once a devoted daughter of la revolución; Constancia, an eager to assimilate naturalized American, smuggled herself off the island in 1962. Reina is tall, darkly beautiful, unmarried, and magnetically sexual, a master electrician who is known as Compañera Amazona among her countless male suitors, and who basks in the admiration she receives in her trade and in her bed. Constancia is petite, perfectly put together, pale skinned, an inspirationally successful yet modest cosmetics saleswoman, long resigned to her passionless marriage. Reina believes in only what she can grasp with her five senses; Constancia believes in miracles that "arrive every day from the succulent edge of disaster." Reina lives surrounded by their father's belongings, the tangible remains of her childhood; Constancia has inherited only a startling resemblance to their mother--the mysterious Blanca--which she wears like an unwanted mask. The sisters' stories are braided with the voice from the past of their father, Ignacio, a renowned naturalist whose chronicling of Cuba's dying species mirrored his own sad inability to prevent familial tragedy. It is in the memories of their parents--dead many years but still powerfully present--that the sisters' lives have remained inextricably bound. Tireless scientists, Ignacio and Blanca understood the perfect truth of the language of nature, but never learned to speak it in their own tongue. What they left their daughters--the picture of a dark and uncertain history sifted with half-truths and pure lies--is the burden and the gift the two women struggle with as they move unknowingly toward reunion. And during that movement, as their stories unfurl and intertwine with those of their children, their lovers and husbands, their parents, we see the expression and effect of the passions, humor, and desires that both define their differences and shape their fierce attachment to each other and to their discordant past. The Agüero Sisters is clear confirmation of Cristina García's standing in the front ranks of new American fiction.
Firs and pines dominated the global picture of the raw materials for paper industry until the 1950s. At that time, the interest in introducing new species, mostly hardwoods, led the researchers intensify efforts to look for the fibrous characteristics and their combinations that could represent the relationship between fibres, pulp and paper.The pulp and paper industry has shown, mainly in the last two decades, a strong North-South displacement. This is to a large extent due to the favourable climate, which promote the development of the trees. Similarly, the paper fibres have gone from being almost exclusively softwoods from natural forests of the Northern-Hemisphere cold regions, such as spruce and fir, to fast growing species of short fibres, such as eucalyptus, and willow and poplar hybrids from plantations.These new species, that begin to dominate the paper panorama, not only differ from classic ones in fibre length, but they present particular characteristics, like large amounts of juvenile wood, different fibrillar angle and so on, because trees are used increasingly at younger age.This leads us to question whether the old paradigms concerning the relationships between fibres characteristics and pulp properties are still valid or should be reviewed and updated, in which case, the basic fibre parameters, their influence in pulping and refining, and their impact on paper quality should be redefined.To establish the state-of-the-art on the topic, this book analyses the publications of the last decade to verify the morphological characteristics of the fibres which are nowadays considered relevant. Relatively recent data were surveyed because of the continuous changes that occur in the species by genetic improvement.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.