Over the last decade, since the introduction of graphene in 2004, 2D materials have become a very hot topic. Excellent chemical and mechanical stability along with incredible transport carrier properties, graphene has sparked interest in other 2D materials. Graphene has a portfolio of applications but, lack of a band gap hinders its potential in semiconductor applications which has pushed researcher to look at more exotic 2D materials with semiconductor properties. This new class of 2D semiconductors under the form of MX2 which is composed or a transition metal and a chalcogen atom. Mobility is good for low energy loss transmission of electrons from one point to another and is an important aspect in electronics and optoelectronics which apply to conductivity and light absorption. In conductors usually we have an overlap of the valence and conduction band where electrons move freely on the other side of the spectrum we have insulators where the gap between the valence and conduction band are too large to feasible transition between to allow for conductivity. Semiconductor are located in between these two extremes with enough gap where electrons only require a small amount of energy for them to move from one side to another. This concept is very important when talking about light interactions and absorption. In order for these devices to be feasible we need band gap to exist in the spectrum of visible light. Semiconductors have a high and low resistance states which has an on/off ration making a semiconductor of interest in many applications such as transistors and photodetectors. Direct bang gap in photodetector rely on transfer of photons and we can achieve this by using monolayer semiconductor materials. In order to be able to obtain all these properties we would have to be able to synthesize all these new 2D materials in the first place. In this work synthesis methods were studied to try to understand these materials and achieve large area growth. First we start with powered growth of novel semiconductor materials and move to a scalable liquid technique that is potentially able achieve wafer scale growth.
Together the three volumes cover the constitutional law of all present Member States of the European Union. All of the volumes are based on the same format. Each chapter, written by one or two experts, starts with a sketch of the country's constitutional history as an indispensable background to a proper understanding of the relevant constitution as it operates today. The subsequent outline of the constitutional system deals with the sources of constitutional law, the head of state, the government, parliament, executive-legislative relationships, the legislative process, the parliamentary scrutiny of government activity, the electoral system, political parties, election results and governments, the judiciary, regional and local government, and fundamental rights. The chapters conclude with a short bibliography."--BOOK JACKET.
This book is about improving prohibited substances detection using the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) technique at security checkpoints. The book proposes multiple signal processing and analysis techniques for improving detection of dangerous or contraband substances, such as explosives, narcotics, or toxic substances. Also, several hardware solutions are described and implemented in a custom-designed NQR spectrometer. A new approach to NQR signal detection is introduced using artificial intelligence/deep learning techniques. The book will be useful for for researchers and practitioners in the areas of electrical engineering, signal processing and analysis, applied spectroscopy, as well as for security or laboratory equipment manufacturers.
Twenty years have passed since the fall of the Iron Curtain, yet emerging democracies continue to struggle with a secular state which does not give preference to churches as major political players. This book explores the nationalist inclinations of an Eastern Orthodox Church as it interacts with a politically immature yet decisively democratic Eastern European state. Discussing the birth pangs of extreme nationalist movements of the twentieth century, it offers a creative retelling of the ideological idiosyncrasies which have characterized Marxist Communism and Nazism. Cristian Romocea provides a constant juxtaposition of the ideological movements as they interacted and affected organized religion, at times seeking to remove it, assimilate it or even imitate it. Of interest to historians, theologians and politicians, this book introduces the reader, through a case study of Romania, to relevant and contemporary challenges churches worldwide are facing in a context characterized by increased secularization of the state and radicalization of religion.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this monograph provides a survey and analysis of the rules concerning intellectual property rights in Romania. It covers every type of intellectual property right in depth – copyright and neighbouring rights, patents, utility models, trademarks, trade names, industrial designs, plant variety protection, chip protection, trade secrets, and confidential information. Particular attention is paid throughout to recent developments and trends. The analysis approaches each right in terms of its sources in law and in legislation, and proceeds to such legal issues as subject matter of protection, conditions of protection, ownership, transfer of rights, licences, scope of exclusive rights, limitations, exemptions, duration of protection, infringement, available remedies, and overlapping with other intellectual property rights. The book provides a clear overview of intellectual property legislation and policy, and at the same time offers practical guidance on which sound preliminary decisions may be based. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Romania will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative intellectual property law.
Exploring the largely positive representations of Romanian Germans predominating in post-1989 Romanian society, this book shows that the underlying reasons for German prestige are strongly connected with Romania’s endeavors to become European. The election, in 2014, of Klaus Iohannis as Romania’s president was hailed as evidence that the country chose a 'European’ future: that Iohannis belonged to Romania’s tiny German minority was also considered to have played a part in his success. Cercel argues that representations of Germans in Romania, descendants of twelfth-century and eighteenth-century colonists, become actually a symbolic resource for asserting but also questioning Romania’s European identity. Such representations link Romania’s much-desired European belonging with German presence, whilst German absence is interpreted as a sign of veering away from Europe. Investigating this case of discursive "self-colonization" and this apparent symbolic embrace of the German Other in Romania, the book offers a critical study of the discourses associated with Romania’s postcommunist "Europeanization" to contribute a better understanding of contemporary West-East relationships in the European context. This fresh and insightful approach will interest postgraduates and scholars interested in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and in German minorities outside Germany. It should also appeal to scholars of memory studies and those interested in the study of otherness in general.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this monograph provides a survey and analysis of the rules concerning intellectual property law in the European Patent Convention (EPC), following generally the structure of the legal provisions, with a special focus on the patentability and patenting procedure. The monograph addresses not only the Convention’s core business, but also the work of its coordinating and implementing bodies, the European Patent Organization (EPOrg) and the European Patent Office (EPO). The concise presentation and interpretation of all relevant texts includes those considered “additional” but which, according to article 164(1) EPC, are in fact integral parts of the Convention – the Implementing Regulation and the Protocols on the Interpretation of Article 69 EPC and on Centralisation, Recognition, Privileges and Immunities, and the Staff Complement. Particular attention is paid throughout to issues arising from the relationship between the EPC and other relevant international and European laws and to recent developments and trends, especially in connection with the unitary patent system. The monograph also includes limited but relevant discussion of the historical development of the bases of the European patent system up to the success story of today. The analysis approaches each right in terms of its sources in law and in legislation, and proceeds to such legal issues as subject matter of protection, conditions and scope of protection, ownership, transfer of rights, licenses, scope of exclusive rights, limitations, exemptions, duration of protection, and infringement. A broad selection of EPO case law clarifies in the most adequate way the substance of the European patent system, as directly originating from it. The book provides a clear overview of intellectual property legislation and policy, and at the same time offers practical guidance on which sound preliminary decisions may be based. Lawyers and patent attorneys representing parties with interests in the European Patent Convention will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative intellectual property law.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this monograph provides a survey and analysis of the rules concerning intellectual property rights in European Patent Convention. It covers every type of intellectual property right in depth – copyright and neighbouring rights, patents, utility models, trademarks, trade names, industrial designs, plant variety protection, chip protection, trade secrets, and confidential information. Particular attention is paid throughout to recent developments and trends. The analysis approaches each right in terms of its sources in law and in legislation, and proceeds to such legal issues as subject matter of protection, conditions of protection, ownership, transfer of rights, licences, scope of exclusive rights, limitations, exemptions, duration of protection, infringement, available remedies, and overlapping with other intellectual property rights. The book provides a clear overview of intellectual property legislation and policy, and at the same time offers practical guidance on which sound preliminary decisions may be based. Lawyers representing parties with interests in European Patent Conventionwill welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative intellectual property law.
THE COMPATIBILITIES IN ZODIACS is a book with TABLES, decans, signs, and the skeptic decryption of the pseudoscience of superstitions; book adjusted from 2006. lulu.com/zhoroscop
This tutorial textbook is an essential companion to using CATIA v5 to assist with computer-aided design. Using clear CAD examples, it demonstrates the various ways through which the potential of this versatile software can be used to aid engineers in 3D modelling. Based on 20 years of teaching experience, the authors present methods of using CATIA v5 to model solid and surface parts, to perform parametric modelling and design of families of parts, reconstruction of surfaces, to create macros and to apply various tools and their options during 3D modelling. Importantly, this book will also help readers to discover multiple modelling solutions and approaches to solve common issues within design engineering. With a comprehensive approach, this book is suitable for both beginners and those with a good grasp of CATIA v5. Featuring an end chapter with questions and solutions for self-assessment, this book also includes 3D modelling practice problems, presented in the form of 2D engineering drawings of many 3D parts in both orthogonal and isometric views. Using the knowledge gained through reading the book chapters, users will learn how to approach surfaces and solids as 3D models using CATIA v5. This book provides detailed explanations, using clear figures, annotations and links to video tutorials. It is an ideal companion for any student or engineer using CATIA v5, in industries including automotive, naval, aerospace and design engineering. Readers of this book should note that the length and distance dimensions are in millimeters and the angular dimensions are in degrees. All other parameters, such as radii, areas and volumes, also use the metric system.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this monograph provides a survey and analysis of the rules concerning intellectual property rights in European Software Directives and European Software Patents. It covers every type of intellectual property right in depth – copyright and neighbouring rights, patents, utility models, trademarks, trade names, industrial designs, plant variety protection, chip protection, trade secrets, and confidential information. Particular attention is paid throughout to recent developments and trends. The analysis approaches each right in terms of its sources in law and in legislation, and proceeds to such legal issues as subject matter of protection, conditions of protection, ownership, transfer of rights, licences, scope of exclusive rights, limitations, exemptions, duration of protection, infringement, available remedies, and overlapping with other intellectual property rights. The book provides a clear overview of intellectual property legislation and policy, and at the same time offers practical guidance on which sound preliminary decisions may be based. Lawyers representing parties with interests in European Software Directives and European Software Patents will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative intellectual property law.
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