This publication brings together the texts adopted by the Standing Committee of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE) at the eighth session held in November 2001. The CLRAE is a consultative body of the Council of Europe which seeks to reinforce democratic structures at local and regional level, especially the newly-emerging democracies in central and eastern Europe.
This publication brings together the texts adopted by the Standing Committee of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. The Congress, a consultative body of the Council of Europe, is made up of two chambers: one representing local authorities, the other the regions. Its aim is to reinforce democratic structures at local and regional level, and in particular to help the newly-emerging democracies in central and eastern Europe. The Congress adopts three different types of texts: recommendations, opinions and resolutions. Recommendations are proposals to the Committee of Ministers, and their application is left up to each member government. Sometimes they are also addressed to other international organisations. Opinions usually refer to questions to the Congress from the Committee of Ministers or the Parliamentary Assembly. The Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly consult the Congress on questions which are likely to affect the competence and the basic interests of the local and regional authorities which the Congress represents. Resolutions reflect the decisions that the Congress is authorised to take, or make recommendations to local and/or regional authorities and their associations.
This book looks at the legal and institutional framework of local and regional government in Estonia. Issues considered include: constitutional and legal aspects; the structure of local and regional authorities; citizen participation in decision-making; local elections; the distribution of power and methods of co-operation between local and regional authorities; administrative personnel; and financial aspects of government. This study is part of a series, prepared by the Steering Committee on Local and Regional Democracy, which examine the main aspects of local and regional government in the member states of the Council of Europe.
This publication contains papers presented at a conference, held in November 2004 in Barcelona and organised by the Council of Europe. The purpose of the conference (held to mark the end of the three-year integrated project "Making democratic institutions work") was to discuss issues relating to the challenges and opportunities facing governments in Europe to strengthen democratic reform and encourage greater public participation. Topics covered include: promoting inclusive elections; financing of political parties; popular initiatives and referendums; and how modern communication technologies can affect the democratic process.
Bring the world a little closer with these multicultural books. An excellent way for students to appreciate and learn cultural diversity in an exciting hands-on format. Each book explores the history, language, holidays, festivals, customs, legends, foods, creative arts, lifestyles, and games of the title country. A creative alternative to student research reports and a time-saver for teachers since the activities and resource material are contained in one book.
The purpose of this report is to study the risks that are responsible for local authorities' financial difficulties. It provides both a theoretical and an empirical analysis based on the various financial risks facing local authorities and the means of assessing and controlling them. The report also sets out guidelines designed to help the various authorities concerned to avoid, spread and control these financial risks more successfully.
Report by the Steering Committee on Local and Regional Democracy (CDLR) prepared with the collaboration of Professor Dieter Nohlen. Adopted by the CDLR at its 22nd meeting, 1-4 December 1998
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