Most studies of the development of American ideas concentrate upon the growth of our political values and institutions. By contrast, this unique work goes directly to the core philosophical issues surrounding our sense of personal and social identity. It carefully examines the efforts of our major thinkers to elaborate a humanism adequate to our experience by breaking free from the theocentric cosmology imposed upon the nation by the New England Puritans. As these reflections record the quest for a new understanding of human nature, they also raise the possibility of a more comprehensive humanism grounded in a Catholic Christianity. Person and Society in American Thought will be of interest to students and scholars in the disciplines of philosophy and religion, as well as those of history, sociology, and literature." --Book Jacket.
The English writer E. M. Forster described old age as "a seductive combination of increased wisdom and decaying powers to which too little intelligence is devoted." This book is a response to that criticism. It explains how old age has been considered throughout the ages by philosophers, poets, and other literary figures, and explores how the extraordinary increase of life expectancy that began in the last century has be sustained by science and medicine. Unfortunately the general public still prefers to keep the elderly out of sight and, especially, out of mind. To overcome this marginalization I call for the emergence of a more inclusive humanism--one that is welcoming to persons of all ages. To overcome the pervasive isolation of the elderly requires a new dialogue across all the living generations. Echoing the sentiments of Cicero in his classic study of old age, I also call for a reflective maturity to develop among the elderly, one that reaches deeply into themselves and increases their understanding of the world around them. Spiritual maturity demands growth in virtue and charity in the advance of years. A reaching out to all in the pursuit of justice and the common good is strongly recommended. The book concludes with some reflections upon hopes for personal immortality as well as the qualities of divine justice and mercy.
For centuries, philosophers, political scientists, and jurists have struggled to understand the possibilities for justice and peace among a multiplicity of sovereign states. Like Dante, who sought to organize the world under the authority of the Holy Roman Empire, many theorists have tried to explain how sovereign states should be governed to ensure stability and peace in the absence of any established higher authority. Theories of World Governance traces the various conceptual approaches to world harmony from the close of the Middle Ages to today. Considering the immediate problems of order in a decentralized world community, Cornelius F. Murphy, Jr., outlines what he believes are the essential long-term conditions for world peace. Covering a wide range of disciplines -- from theology and philosophy to jurisprudence, ethics, and sociology -- Murphy explores how theorists have reflected upon the necessary components of an effective global order. At the outset, the thought of Christian Europe was shaped by a belief in a natural order established by the Creator of the universe. However, with the advent of the Enlightenment, the connections between the human and the transcendent were severed. There was a movement from a theocentric understanding of the powers of the human mind to an intellectual outlook that blurred the distinctions between the divine and human. This study in the history of ideas examines the profound effects of the fundamental shift from transcendence to immanence upon the development of international theory. Murphy discusses the thought of Leibniz, Wolff, Kant, Hegel, and Phillip Allott, among others. The study concludes with an extended reflection on the importanceof a sound political philosophy to the future well-being of the global community. Possible improvements in the existing arrangements, such as reform of the United Nations, are discussed. Murphy suggests that in order for a society of sovereign states to be transformed into a world political community, human rights and self-governance within states must first be strengthened and, at the same time, individuals of all states must begin to realize their responsibilities toward the whole human family.
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