This collection of essays, which should appeal both to Slavists and students of comparative literature, deals with twelve major twentieth-century Russian poets who, for varied reasons, became estranged from the Soviet state. Some stayed in Russia to become inner émigrés, others chose to go into exile in the West. One less hope, one more song (Akhmatova’s words), stands both for their suffering and often their deaths, but also for their humanity and poetic achievement. The poets in question are Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelshtam, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Alexander Blok, Sergey Esenin, Nikolay Gumilev, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Marina Tsvetaeva, Vladislav Khodasevich, Boris Poplavsky, Boris Pasternak and Joseph Brodsky. The whole collection is followed by a cultural perspective of the Russian 19th and 20th centuries.
This interdisciplinary book examines the nature of spirituality and the role it plays in the search for meaning. Spirituality is a loving tendency towards the sacred. In a secular environment, the sacred is taken to be a power greater than self. In a religious environment, the Sacred refers to God, or Higher Power. The book examines the developments of the s/Sacred in great works of art and literature, as well as in medicine, theology, psychology, philosophy, and religion. Spirituality also functions as an unloving tendency towards disunity, or a force for evil. The first part of the book examines the ways of the spiritual as a force for good and evil. We have just witnessed one of the bloodiest centuries in human history. The experience of two World Wars leaves a legacy of brokenness: “Where Nossack’s reminiscences bore poetic, compassionate, and personal witness to the disaster, Eliot’s poetry reads more like a sacred and religious poem taking contemporary Western European civilization to task—much like the biblical prophets of old—for its spiritual bankruptcy.” Albert Einstein, Edvard Munch’s Madonna, and Carl Jung’s ‘unconscious’ touch the curve of the Sacred in more promising places. The second part examines how the search for meaning works. The distinction between being human and being a person plays a central role in the life of the spiritual; “...the spiritual is manifest in the activities taking place in the central self. The central self is the locus of all thoughts, feelings, acts of reason and judgment, conscious and unconscious processes alike. The central self is the place where social relationships and environmental relationships are processed. The essential feature of the central self is that it does not exist outside these processes.” The same spiritual energies that light up great works of art also light up our destructive side, only the associations’ change.
The main thrust of this collection of essays, excluding those on Russian literature, is to visualize the European Holocaust from a number of different vantage points - the historical and cultural, the political and individual, the psychological and social, and the critical and literary. This wider perspective, especially as it relates to the range and extent of human suffering, suggests that a redefinition of the twentieth-century Holocaust is now timely.
This collection of essays deals with the spiritual crisis in modern society and focusses in particular on European writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. The essays trace themes of spiritual unease, narrowing of inner human space, impoverishment of the self, growing human isolation, dehumanization, and the writers' attempts to overcome this malaise. The essays also try to show how inhuman political and social environments and feelings of cultural impasse can become mitigated and reclaimed by socially conscious acts of creative writing. Obsession, self-delusion, creative frustration and personal tragedy are seen to haunt this kind of modern writing which is at the same time infused with the writers' profound sense of moral responsibility to society and marked, on occasion, by that rare experience of Epiphany and transcendence.
This collection of fifteen essays deals with the literary memoirs of major twentieth-century writers and focuses on the spiritual, physical and moral devastation of 20th century life. They are comparative and cross-cultural. There is no other collection of essays with this range brought under one cover.
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