History casts a spell on our minds more powerful than science or religion. It does not root us in the past at all. It rather flatters us with the belief in our ability to recreate the world in our image. It is a form of self-assertion that brooks no opposition or dissent and shelters us from the experience of time. So argues Constantin Fasolt in The Limits of History, an ambitious and pathbreaking study that conquers history's power by carrying the fight into the center of its domain. Fasolt considers the work of Hermann Conring (1606-81) and Bartolus of Sassoferrato (1313/14-57), two antipodes in early modern battles over the principles of European thought and action that ended with the triumph of historical consciousness. Proceeding according to the rules of normal historical analysis—gathering evidence, putting it in context, and analyzing its meaning—Fasolt uncovers limits that no kind of history can cross. He concludes that history is a ritual designed to maintain the modern faith in the autonomy of states and individuals. God wants it, the old crusaders would have said. The truth, Fasolt insists, only begins where that illusion ends. With its probing look at the ideological underpinnings of historical practice, The Limits of History demonstrates that history presupposes highly political assumptions about free will, responsibility, and the relationship between the past and the present. A work of both intellectual history and historiography, it will prove invaluable to students of historical method, philosophy, political theory, and early modern European culture.
Johannes Brahms was until now widely regarded as the archetype of the «absolute musician». Based on new research, the study shows how close autobiographic and poetic elements are in fact linked to his oeuvre. Like Robert Schumann, Brahms subscribed to an aesthetic of «poetic» music. In many of his compositions he got his inspiration from personal experiences, poems or images, as is shown by hitherto unpublished documents, letters, and diary entries, as well as from close analyses of individual works. Brahms's personality, too, is seen in a new way. He adopted Joseph Joachim's motto «Frei, aber einsam», «Free but Alone». The tonal code F - A - E, the musical symbol of this, recurs frequently in his works. Not least, the English version of the book, originally published in German in 1997, includes four additional chapters that investigate novel aspects by dealing in detail with the First Symphony, the German Requiem, Nänie and the Four Serious Songs. The American Brahms Society stressed the importance of the study for all those who want to come to know the unknown Brahms.
The goal of this book is to present findings which are supportive of the concept that the words of the idiotype dictionary and likewise self-recognition are essential for communication between lymphocyte clones while some unfaithful ( infidel ) copies of the words contained in the idiotype dictionary perhaps play a role in the functional regulation of nonlymphoid cells.
This book provides a new point of view on the subject of the management of uncertainty. It covers a wide variety of both theoretical and practical issues involving the analysis and management of uncertainty in the fields of finance, management and marketing. Audience: Researchers and professionals from operations research, management science and economics.
There has been much recent progress in global optimization algorithms for nonconvex continuous and discrete problems from both a theoretical and a practical perspective. Convex analysis plays a fundamental role in the analysis and development of global optimization algorithms. This is due to the fact that virtually all nonconvex optimization problems can be described using differences of convex functions and differences of convex sets. A conference on Convex Analysis and Global Optimization was held June 5-9, 2000 at Pythagorian, Samos, Greece. It was in honor of the memory of C. Caratheodory (1873-1950). It was endorsed by the Mathematical Programming Society (MPS) and by the Society for industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAN) Activity Group in Optimization. This volume contains a selection of refereed papers based on invited and contributing talks presented at the conference. The two themes of convexity and global optimization pervade the book. The conference provided a forum for researchers working on different aspects of convexity and global optimization to present their recent discoveries, and to interact with people working on complementary aspects of mathematical programming. Audience: Faculty, graduate students, and researchers in mathematical programming, computer science, and engineering.
Knowledge translation is a relatively new research topic originating in fields of health sciences and economic development. It is of great interest to knowledge management researchers and practitioners.
This book is about life's meaning, a spiritual dimension about which, by nature, all persons wonder. The book follows the human journey in works of art, literature, music, medicine, theology, philosophy, psychology, and religion." --Book Jacket.
The field of cytokine research is expanding at a rapid pace Contributions from the major leading groups in the world on the structure and biological properties of cytokine and cytokine receptors, as well as integrated reviews on cytokines in various physiological and pathological conditions were presented in three issues of International Reviews of Immunology This collection of articles provided a unique source of information However, important discoveries are emerging very rapidly and some of the reviews written in 1997 are already outdated In this book, the editors assemble reviews that have been updated by their authors to include all the recent publications and unpublished data from the authors' laboratories This volume should serve as an excellent reference source for all those concerned by the multiple faces of cytokines in basic research and in the clinic
This work presents a behavior planning algorithm for automated driving in urban environments with an uncertain and dynamic nature. The algorithm allows to consider the prediction uncertainty (e.g. different intentions), perception uncertainty (e.g. occlusions) as well as the uncertain interactive behavior of the other agents explicitly. Simulating the most likely future scenarios allows to find an optimal policy online that enables non-conservative planning under uncertainty.
Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be attached to aerosol particles. The resulting radioactive aerosols are carried by atmospheric mixing processes until they settle out or are scavenged by precipitation. The radiation exposure pathway of maximum concern to humans is by inhalation of aerosols and their deposition in the respiratory tract. In this context, it is important to note that radioactive aerosols are commonly of natural origin alos. In particular, the associated radionuclides can be of natural terrestrial origin, such as the decay products of radon gas, or they can e cosmogenic, such as beryllium-7. The exposure of miners of uranium and other ores and minerals to radon and its aerosol-borne decay products is of major significance. The book describes the formation of aerosols, their aerodynamic size distribution, their atmospheric residence time, their sampling and measurement, the range of radioactive aerosols found and studied thus far, including man-made nuclides and radon decay products and their interaction with man, including deposition in the lung and subsequent health effects. - Advanced level science handbook for researchers, scientists and academics - Covers all aspects of radiation exposure in humans, including subsequent health implications - Presents the latest findings and analysis in this highly topical area
This book addresses the legal protection insurance market and continues the collection and analysis of data carried out by Legal Protection International aisbl (at the time, the International Association of Legal Protection Insurance) in recent years. Its first part covers the fundamentals of and recent advances in the legal protection insurance market, while the second presents a study on the relevant legal framework for offering Legal Technology services as a legal protection insurer in Germany. In this context, the study also defines the term “Legal Technology”, categorises Legal Technology services (“application-oriented categorisation”), analyses the relevant European legal framework and highlights the connections to the upcoming European Artificial Intelligence Act.
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The worldwide economy is currently in a state of upheaval. For decades the traditional marketplace was the common way to buy goods, services and to do business. People set up shops and met in conference rooms to negotiate big business deals. However, since the middle of the 90 s the business world has been undergoing a tremendous change. While the basic rules for doing business have not altered, conditions and terms have changed significantly. The emergence of the Internet was the main catalyst for this drastic change in the business world. At first the Internet was considered to be merely another medium with which people had to deal with. It was regarded as a concomitant which did not necessarily have to be used in companies. But the possibilities the Internet offered were and are tremendous. Both private people and companies discovered the opportunities harboured by the Internet. Firms quickly realised that the Internet can and must be a medium which was worth taking a closer look at. The same applied for individuals. However, the very purpose of its work, which is communication between private people over the Internet, can be overlooked and neglected in this context. The first part of the present thesis focuses on the Internet and how companies and individuals use the digital environment to do business. The objective of firms is mainly to do business, either with other firms or with private people. The Internet is considered to be a medium and an interface both parties have to use. With the help of the Internet, companies are expected to increase their efficiency and reduce transaction costs. The unique characteristics of the Internet such as its omnipresence promise both parties an increase in their business activities. Furthermore, the Internet has to be perceived as a great, parallel world to the traditional, existing one. Of course, companies can exclusively exist and compete on the Internet. But what they must not neglect is the fact that individuals are people that communicate, interact and perform everywhere on the Internet. The human aspect is still one of the central factors when looking at the relatively new phenomenon of the Internet. Nevertheless, this human factor has somehow been neglected by web designers and marketers for several years. Companies set up web pages, filled them with content and thought that someone might hopefully visit the page and buy a product online. Every visitor to a website [...]
This book aims to highlight the particular situation faced by certain hydropower companies by the fact that they cannot fulfil their contracts due to force majeure. The first part of this book will be an analysis of how water is used in electricity production. It is important to point out that all types of energy sources use water, to a different extent, of course, and that its spatial and temporal availability is very important. The focus will be on hydropower, presenting the current situation at the global level, and the effect of reducing the amounts of water in the river system. The second part is based on the presentation of the concept of force majeure and the ways of presenting and drafting it in a contract. Many disputes or the success of a contract depended heavily on the provisions of this article of the contract. Obviously, there are also situations in which the signatory parties abuse or are not protected by these provisions of force majeure. Starting from a few brief examples from the international level, we reach a wide discussion of the situation created in Romania, when the largest supplier of electricity produced on the basis of water terminates several contracts invoking force majeure. The manner in which the opinion of the parties involved is presented to the court is analyzed and presented in detail.
Wolf's discovery demonstrating that a reporter gene is expressed in myocytes subsequent to injection of naked DNA, was exploited by immunologists and vaccinologists to develop a new generation of vaccines. This observation galvanized the research and in a short lapse of time, an oceanic volume of knowledge has been accumulated. The research carried out in a variety of animal models showed the efficacy of genetic immunization against viruses, bacteria, and some parasites by the ability to induce a strong priming effect resulting from long-lasting persistence of plasmid as episomes. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that newborn or infant immune unresponsiveness to classical vaccines can be corrected by genetic immunization. The applications of genetic immunization for prophylaxis of infections was extended to immunotherapy, namely, cancerous, auto immune, and allergic diseases. Immunologists have provided pertinent information on the cellular basis of the immune responses elicited by genetic immunization, and molecular biologists have established the molecular basis of intrinsic adjuvant properties of plasmids.
Drafting Legislation sets out to prove Sir William Dale's doctrine that the rules for drafting good quality legislation are the same in common and civil systems of law. Legislative solutions can therefore serve the drafter, the judge and the practitioner of any jurisdiction. The book discusses the general issue of quality in legislation from the legislative process to the actual drafting interpretation and enforcement. It also analyzes topics related to quality in legislation such as clarity, precision and disambiguity, plain language and gender-neutral language and assesses whether Sir William's view of universality in the definition and elements of quality in legislation is right or not. The volume is of critical interest to students and scholars of European law and the philosophy and theory of law.
The twenty studies collected in this volume focus on the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern world. The method leads from technical investigations on William Durant the Younger (ca. 1266-1330) and Hermann Conring (1606-1681) through reflection on the nature of historical knowledge to a break with historicism, an affirmation of anachronism, and a broad perspective on the history of Europe. The introduction explains when and why these studies were written, and places them in the context of contemporary historical thinking by drawing on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations. This book will appeal to historians with an interest in historical theory, historians of late medieval and early modern Europe, and students looking for the meaning of history.
Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders covers topics in aphasia, motor speech disorders, and dementia. Organized by symptom rather than syndrome, this text provides a foundation for understanding the disorders and learning how to apply basic theory to clinical practice in the development of rehabilitation objectives. Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders applies a clinical integration of the psychosocial with the neuropsychological approach in adult language rehabilitation. Written by international authorities in the field of aphasia and related communication disorders and based on the ICF framework, this unique text features diverse contribution covering global issues. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.
Details laboratory and industrial synthesis and applications of oligomers-suggesting practical solutions to the on-the-job problems as well as exploring processing devices and techniques for industrial-scale production of new oligomer types.
Details the principles and mechanisms of, and the equipment and optimal working conditions for, the liquid-chromatographic separation of well-defined oligomeric species and fraction with narrow molecular weight distribution. The work provides a complete description of the applications and possible performance of liquid chromatography in the field of oligomer separation.
A critical review of the classic, as wells as most recent-and quite seminal-findings concerning the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of both fetal and neonatal B and T cells, the cells that mediate antibody and cellular immune responses in newborns and infants. Dr. Bona shows how the antibody response of neonates is modulated by maternal antibodies and how, in certain cases, this can cause transient or life-threatening neonatal autoimmune disease. He also describes the characteristics of neonatal tolerance induced by foreign allo- and self-antigens, which are the basis for understanding impaired infant immune response and which provide a rationale for the development of efficient neonatal vaccines. By making clear the characteristics and differences between the immune system and the immune responses of both newborns and infants, compared to those of adults, Dr. Bona offers insights and challenging hypotheses that promise to help overcome the poor responses of neonates to various antigens.
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