Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities's Books

Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

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Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

Information technology has been touted as a boon for productivity, but measuring the benefits has been difficult. This volume examines what macroeconomic data do and do not show about the impact of information technology on service-sector productivity. This book assesses the ways in which different service firms have selected and implemented information technology, examining the impact of different management actions and styles on the perceived benefits of information technology in services.

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286

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048761

ISBN 13

9780309048767

Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology

By: Steering Committee on Research Opportunities Relating to Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology

The tremendous growth in use of information technology (IT) has led to an increased interest in understanding its social and economic impacts. This book presents examples of crosscutting research that has been conducted to understand the impact of information technology on personal, community, and business activities. It explores ways in which the use of methodology from economics and social sciences contributes to important advances in understanding these impacts. The book discusses significant research issues and concerns and suggests approaches for fostering increased interdisciplinary research on the impacts of information technology and making the results of this research more accessible to the public and policymakers. This volume is expected to influence funding priorities and levels of support for interdisciplinary research of this kind.

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227

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309521750

ISBN 13

9780309521758

Making IT Better

Expanding Information Technology Research to Meet Society's Needs

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Information Technology Research in a Competitive World

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Making IT Better

Expanding Information Technology Research to Meet Society's Needs

The flood of information technology (I.T.) products and services entering the market place often obscures the need to nurture the research enterprise. But as I.T. becomes integrated into all aspects of society, the need for research is even greater. And the range of issues that need to be addressed is broader than ever. This new book highlights the fundamental importance of research to ensure that I.T. meets society's expanding needs. Against the background of dramatic change in the I.T. landscape, the committee examines four key questions: Is the scope of I.T. research broad enough-particularly in the arena of large-scale systems-to address government, business, and social applications? Are government and industrial sponsors providing sufficient funding for I.T. research? Is the research net big both big and diverse enough to capture sufficient financial and intellectual resources to advance the field? Are structures and mechanisms for funding and conducting research suited to the new sets of research challenges?

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269

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309172012

ISBN 13

9780309172011

Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-Government

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Computing and Communications Research to Enable Better Use of Information Technology in Government

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Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-Government

Governments have done much to leverage information technology to deploy e-government services, but much work remains before the vision of e-government can be fully realized. Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-government examines the emerging visions for e-government, the technologies required to implement them, and approaches that can be taken to accelerate innovation and the transition of innovative information technologies from the laboratory to operational government systems. In many cases, government can follow the private sector in designing and implementing IT-based services. But there are a number of areas where government requirements differ from those in the commercial world, and in these areas government will need to act on its role as a "demand leader." Although researchers and government agencies may appear to by unlikely allies in this endeavor, both groups have a shared interest in innovation and meeting future needs. E-government innovation will require addressing a broad array of issues, including organization and policy as well as engineering practice and technology research and development, and each of these issues is considered in the book.

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167

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309084016

ISBN 13

9780309084017

Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

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Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309048761

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9780309048767

More Than Screen Deep

Toward Every-Citizen Interfaces to the Nation's Information Infrastructure

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Toward an Every-Citizen Interface to the NII Steering Committee

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More Than Screen Deep

Toward Every-Citizen Interfaces to the Nation's Information Infrastructure

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Toward an Every-Citizen Interface to the NII Steering Committee

The national information infrastructure (NII) holds the promise of connecting people of all ages and descriptionsâ€"bringing them opportunities to interact with businesses, government agencies, entertainment sources, and social networks. Whether the NII fulfills this promise for everyone depends largely on interfacesâ€"technologies by which people communicate with the computing systems of the NII. More Than Screen Deep addresses how to ensure NII access for every citizen, regardless of age, physical ability, race/ethnicity, education, ability, cognitive style, or economic level. This thoughtful document explores current issues and prioritizes research directions in creating interface technologies that accommodate every citizen's needs. The committee provides an overview of NII users, tasks, and environments and identifies the desired characteristics in every-citizen interfaces, from power and efficiency to an element of fun. The book explores: Technological advances that allow a person to communicate with a computer system. Methods for designing, evaluating, and improving interfaces to increase their ultimate utility to all people. Theories of communication and collaboration as they affect person-computer interactions and person-person interactions through the NII. Development of agents: intelligent computer systems that "understand" the user's needs and find the solutions. Offering data, examples, and expert commentary, More Than Screen Deep charts a path toward enabling the broadest-possible spectrum of citizens to interact easily and effectively with the NII. This volume will be important to policymakers, information system designers and engineers, human factors professionals, and advocates for special populations.

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452

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309063574

ISBN 13

9780309063579

The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

By: National Academy of Engineering,Committee on the Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

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The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

By: National Academy of Engineering,Committee on the Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

Drawing on the findings of sector-specific workshops, e-mail surveys, research literature, expert testimony, and committee and panel members' expertise, this National Academy of Engineering study assesses the qualitative impact of academic research on five industriesâ€"network systems and communications; medical devices and equipment; aerospace; transportation, distribution, and logistics services; and financial services. The book documents the range and significance of academic research contributions to the five industriesâ€"comparing the importance of different types of contributions, the multi- and interdisciplinary nature of these contributions, and the multiple vectors by which academic research is linked to each industry. The book calls for action to address six cross-cutting challenges to university-industry interactions: the growing disciplinary and time-horizon-related imbalances in federal R&D funding, barriers to university-industry interaction in service industries, the critical role of academic research in the advancement of information technology, the role of academic research in the regulation of industry, the impact of technology transfer activities on core university research and education missions, and the search for new pathways and mechanisms to enhance the contributions of academic research to industry. The book also includes findings and recommendations specific to each industry.

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264

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309166969

ISBN 13

9780309166966

The Changing Nature of Work

Implications for Occupational Analysis

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance: Occupational Analysis

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The Changing Nature of Work

Implications for Occupational Analysis

Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.

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377

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309065259

ISBN 13

9780309065252

Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

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Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, employment, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy-both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)-continue to grow in size and importance. In 1995, the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) produced the report Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure. A graphic in that report, often called the "tire tracks" diagram because of its appearance, produced an extraordinary response by clearly linking government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new information technology industries with more than $1 billion in annual revenue. Used in presentations to Congress and executive branch decision makers and discussed broadly in the research and innovation policy communities, the tire tracks figure dispelled the assumption that the commercially successful IT industry is self-sufficient, underscoring through long incubation periods of years and even decades. The figure was updated in 2002, 2003, and 2009 reports produced by the CSTB. With the support of the National Science Foundation, CSTB updated the tire tracks figure. Continuing Innovation in Information Technology includes the updated figure and a brief text based in large part on prior CSTB reports.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309259622

ISBN 13

9780309259620

Information Technology for Manufacturing

A Research Agenda

By: Committee to Study Information Technology and Manufacturing,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,National Research Council

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Information Technology for Manufacturing

A Research Agenda

By: Committee to Study Information Technology and Manufacturing,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,National Research Council

This book describes a vision of manufacturing in the twenty-first century that maximizes efficiencies and improvements by exploiting the full power of information and provides a research agenda for information technology and manufacturing that is necessary for success in achieving such a vision. Research on information technology to support product and process design, shop-floor operations, and flexible manufacturing is described. Roles for virtual manufacturing and the information infrastructure are also addressed. A final chapter is devoted to nontechnical research issues.

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191

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309521181

ISBN 13

9780309521185

Information Technology Innovation

Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Panel on Artificial Intelligence,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

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Information Technology Innovation

Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact

Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economyâ€"both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)â€"continue to grow in size and importance. ITâ€™s impacts on the U.S. economyâ€"both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)â€"continue to grow. IT enabled innovation and advances in IT products and services draw on a deep tradition of research and rely on sustained investment and a uniquely strong partnership in the United States among government, industry, and universities. Past returns on federal investments in IT research have been extraordinary for both U.S. society and the U.S. economy. This IT innovation ecosystem fuels a virtuous cycle of innovation with growing economic impact. Building on previous National Academies work, this report describes key features of the IT research ecosystem that fuel IT innovation and foster widespread and longstanding impact across the U.S. economy. In addition to presenting established computing research areas and industry sectors, it also considers emerging candidates in both categories.

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148

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030968420X

ISBN 13

9780309684200

The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

By: National Academy of Engineering,Committee on the Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

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The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

By: National Academy of Engineering,Committee on the Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance

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265

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089735

ISBN 13

9780309089739

Summary of a Workshop on Information Technology Research for Federal Statistics

By: National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Computing and Communications Research to Enable Better Use of Information Technology in Government

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Summary of a Workshop on Information Technology Research for Federal Statistics

Part of an in-depth study of how information technology research and development could more effectively support advances in the use of information technology (IT) in government, Summary of a Workshop on Information Technology Research for Federal Statistics explores IT research opportunities of relevance to the collection, analysis, and dissemination of federal statistics. On February 9 and 10, 1999, participants from a number of communitiesâ€"IT research, IT research management, federal statistics, and academic statisticsâ€"met to identify ways to foster interaction among computing and communications researchers, federal managers, and professionals in specific domains that could lead to collaborative research efforts. By establishing research links between these communities and creating collaborative mechanisms aimed at meeting relevant requirements, this workshop promoted thinking in the computing and communications research community and throughout government about possibilities for advances in technology that will support a variety of digital initiatives by the government.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030907097X

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9780309070973

Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative

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Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative

Maintaining the United States' strong lead in information technology will require continued federal support of research in this area, most of which is currently funded under the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative (HPCCI). The Initiative has already accomplished a great deal and should be continued. This book provides 13 major recommendations for refining both HPCCI and support of information technology research in general. It also provides a good overview of the development of HPCC technologies.

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134

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309052777

ISBN 13

9780309052771

Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Steering Committee on Research Opportunities Relating to Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications

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Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology

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226

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309173736

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9780309173735

Summary of a Workshop on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management

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Summary of a Workshop on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management

Section 214 of the E-government Act of 2002 called on the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government in the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), to "ensure that a study is conducted on using information technology to enhance crisis preparedness, response, and consequence management of natural and manmade disasters." The section cited as a goal "to improve how information technology is used in coordinating and facilitating information on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, while ensuring the availability of such information across multiple access channels." In early 2005, FEMA, via a subcontract through Battelle Memorial Institute, asked the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) of the National Research Council (NRC) to undertake a two-phase study on these issues. Summary of a Workshop on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management culminates phase 1 of the project. CSTB established the Committee on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management, and a public workshop was held under the committee's auspices on June 22-23, 2005. The committee's goal for the workshop was to establish a base of information for its study by hearing about present and future uses of IT from the perspective of federal, state, and local disaster management officials and users together with a sampling of relevant IT research and development activities. A variety of representatives of federal, state, and local government agencies, private industry, and the research community participated. Panelists at the workshop presented a range of views on the present state of the art and practice and future opportunities to harness information technology to aid in the management of natural and human-made disasters. This report summarizes some of the key points made by workshop participants. This report also contains the workshop agenda and includes biographical information for committee members and staff. In phase 2 of its study, the committee will supplement the inputs received at the workshop with information gathered at several site visits and a series of additional briefings. Phase 2 will culminate in a final report, expected in spring 2006, which provides findings and recommendations on requirements for effective use of information technology for disaster management, research and development needs and opportunities, and related research management and technology transition considerations.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309182018

ISBN 13

9780309182010

The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing

Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Global Science and Technology,Committee on Global Approaches to Advanced Computing

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The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing

Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Global Science and Technology,Committee on Global Approaches to Advanced Computing

Computing and information and communications technology (ICT) has dramatically changed how we work and live, has had profound effects on nearly every sector of society, has transformed whole industries, and is a key component of U.S. global leadership. A fundamental driver of advances in computing and ICT has been the fact that the single-processor performance has, until recently, been steadily and dramatically increasing year over years, based on a combination of architectural techniques, semiconductor advances, and software improvements. Users, developers, and innovators were able to depend on those increases, translating that performance into numerous technological innovations and creating successive generations of ever more rich and diverse products, software services, and applications that had profound effects across all sectors of society. However, we can no longer depend on those extraordinary advances in single-processor performance continuing. This slowdown in the growth of single-processor computing performance has its roots in fundamental physics and engineering constraints--multiple technological barriers have converged to pose deep research challenges, and the consequences of this shift are deep and profound for computing and for the sectors of the economy that depend on and assume, implicitly or explicitly, ever-increasing performance. From a technology standpoint, these challenges have led to heterogeneous multicore chips and a shift to alternate innovation axes that include, but are not limited to, improving chip performance, mobile devices, and cloud services. As these technical shifts reshape the computing industry, with global consequences, the United States must be prepared to exploit new opportunities and to deal with technical challenges. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security outlines the technical challenges, describe the global research landscape, and explore implications for competition and national security.

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116

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309262380

ISBN 13

9780309262385

Realizing the Information Future

The Internet and Beyond

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,NRENAISSANCE Committee

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Realizing the Information Future

The Internet and Beyond

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,NRENAISSANCE Committee

The potential impact of the information superhighwayâ€"what it will mean to daily work, shopping, and entertainmentâ€"is of concern to nearly everyone. In the rush to put the world on-line, special issues have emerged for researchers, educators and students, and library specialists. At the same time, the research and education communities have a valuable head start when it comes to understanding computer communications networks, particularly Internet. With its roots in the research community, the Internet computer network now links tens of millions of people and extends well into the commercial world. Realizing the Information Future is written by key players in the development of Internet and other data networks. The volume highlights what we can learn from Internet and how the research, education, and library communities can take full advantage of the information highway's promised reach through time and space. This book presents a vision for the proposed national information infrastructure (NII): an open data network sending information services of all kinds, from suppliers of all kinds, to customers of all kinds, across network providers of all kinds. Realizing the Information Future examines deployment issues for the NII in light of the proposed system architecture, with specific discussion of the needs of the research and education communities. What is the role of the "institution" when everyone is online in their homes and offices? What are the consequences when citizens can easily access legal, medical, educational, and government services information from a single system? These and many other important questions are explored. The committee also looks at the development of principles to address the potential for abuse and misuse of the information highway, covering: Equitable and affordable access to the network. Reasonable approaches to controlling the rising tide of electronic information. Rights and responsibilities relating to freedom of expression, intellectual property, individual privacy, and data security. Realizing the Information Future includes a wide-ranging discussion of costs, pricing, and federal funding for network development and a discussion of the federal role in making the best technical choices to ensure that the expected social and economic benefits of the NII are realized. The time for the research and education communities to have their say about the information highway is before the ribbon is cut. Realizing the Information Future provides a timely, readable, and comprehensive exploration of key issuesâ€"important to computer scientists and engineers, researchers, librarians and their administrators, educators, and individuals interested in the shape of the information network that will soon link us all.

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322

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309050448

ISBN 13

9780309050449

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