Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans's Books

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans

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Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans

Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.

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107

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309176115

ISBN 13

9780309176118

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies

By: Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans,Institute of Medicine

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Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies

By: Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans,Institute of Medicine

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108

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309588480

ISBN 13

9780309588485

Mortality of Veteran Participants in the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test

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Mortality of Veteran Participants in the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test

In 1946, approximately 40,000 U.S. military personnel participated in Operation CROSSROADS, an atmospheric nuclear test that took place at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Congress passed a law directing the Veterans Administration to determine whether there were any long-term adverse health effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation from the detonation of nuclear devices. This book contains the results of an extensive epidemiological study of the mortality of participants compared with a similar group of nonparticipants. Topics of discussion include a breakdown of the study rationale; an overview of other studies of veteran participants in nuclear tests; and descriptions of Operation CROSSROADS, data sources for the study, participant and comparison cohorts, exposure details, mortality ascertainment, and findings and conclusions.

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160

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309055962

ISBN 13

9780309055963

Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Evaluation of the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

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Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Evaluation of the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

The United States has long recognized and honored the service and sacrifices of its military and veterans. Veterans who have been injured by their service (whether their injury appears during service or afterwards) are owed appropriate health care and disability compensation. For some medical conditions that develop after military service, the scientific information needed to connect the health conditions to the circumstances of service may be incomplete. When information is incomplete, Congress or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) may need to make a "presumption" of service connection so that a group of veterans can be appropriately compensated. The missing information may be about the specific exposures of the veterans, or there may be incomplete scientific evidence as to whether an exposure during service causes the health condition of concern. For example, when the exposures of military personnel in Vietnam to Agent Orange could not be clearly documented, a presumption was established that all those who set foot on Vietnam soil were exposed to Agent Orange. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee was charged with reviewing and describing how presumptions have been made in the past and, if needed, to make recommendations for an improved scientific framework that could be used in the future for determining if a presumption should be made. The Committee was asked to consider and describe the processes of all participants in the current presumptive disability decision-making process for veterans. The Committee was not asked to offer an opinion about past presumptive decisions or to suggest specific future presumptions. The Committee heard from a range of groups that figure into this decision-making process, including past and present staffers from Congress, the VA, the IOM, veterans service organizations, and individual veterans. The Department of Defense (DoD) briefed the Committee about its current activities and plans to better track the exposures and health conditions of military personnel. The Committee further documented the current process by developing case studies around exposures and health conditions for which presumptions had been made. Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans explains recommendations made by the committee general methods by which scientists, as well as government and other organizations, evaluate scientific evidence in order to determine if a specific exposure causes a health condition.

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813

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309164397

ISBN 13

9780309164399

Epidemiologic Studies of Veterans Exposed to Depleted Uranium

Feasibility and Design Issues

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Depleted Uranium

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Epidemiologic Studies of Veterans Exposed to Depleted Uranium

Feasibility and Design Issues

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Depleted Uranium

Depleted uranium, a component of some weapons systems, has been in use by the U.S. military since the 1991 Gulf War. Military personnel have been exposed to depleted uranium as the result of friendly fire incidents, cleanup and salvage operations, and proximity to burning depleted uranium-containing tanks and ammunition. Under a Congressional mandate, the Department of Defense sought guidance from the Institute of Medicine in evaluating the feasibility and design of an epidemiologic study that would assess health outcomes of exposure to depleted uranium. The study committee examined several options to study health outcomes of depleted uranium exposure in military and veteran populations and concluded that it would be difficult to design a study to comprehensively assess depleted uranium-related health outcomes with currently available data. The committee further concluded that the option most likely to obtain useful information about depleted uranium-related health outcomes would be a prospective cohort study if future military operations involve exposure to depleted uranium. The book contains recommendations aimed at improving future epidemiologic studies and identifying current active-duty military personnel and veterans with potential DU exposure.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309178568

ISBN 13

9780309178563

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Review the CDC-NCI Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences from Nuclear Weapons Tests

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Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

This report is a review of the draft feasibility study that was issued at the request of Congress by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Over 500 atmospheric nuclear-weapons tests were conducted at various sites around the world during 1945-1980. As public awareness and concern mounted over the possible health hazards associated with exposure to the fallout from weapons testing, a feasibility study was initiated by CDC and NCI to assess the extent of the hazard. The CDC-NCI study claims that the fallout might have led to approximately 11,000 excess deaths, most caused by thyroid cancer linked to exposure to iodine-131. The committee noted that CDC and NCI used the best available data to estimate exposure and health hazards. The committee does not recommend an expanded study of exposure to radionuclides other than 131I since radiation doses from those radionuclides were much lower than those from 131I. It also recommended that CDC urge Congress to prohibit the destruction of all remaining records relevant to fallout.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309087139

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9780309087131

Book's by Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

Mortality of Veteran Participants in the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test

Mortality of Veteran Participants in the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test

Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

Epidemiologic Studies of Veterans Exposed to Depleted Uranium

Epidemiologic Studies of Veterans Exposed to Depleted Uranium

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

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