Committee to Study Global Networks and Local Values's Books

Global Networks and Local Values

A Comparative Look at Germany and the United States

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study Global Networks and Local Values

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Global Networks and Local Values

A Comparative Look at Germany and the United States

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study Global Networks and Local Values

Whether you call it the third wave, the information revolution, or the virtually connected world, the implications of a global information network are profound. As a society, we want to forestall the possible negative impacts without closing the door to the potential benefits. But how? Global Networks and Local Values provides perspective and direction, focusing on the relationship between global information networks and local values-that is, the political, economic, and cultural norms that shape our daily lives. This book is structured around an illuminating comparison between U.S. and German approaches toward global communication and information flow. (The United States and Germany are selected as two industrialized, highly networked countries with significant social differences.) Global Networks and Local Values captures the larger context of technology and culture, explores the political and commercial institutions where the global network functions, and highlights specific issues such as taxation, privacy, free speech, and more. The committee contrasts the technical uniformity that makes global communication possible with the diversity of the communities being served and explores the prospects that problems resulting from technology can be resolved by still more technology. This thoughtful volume will be of interest to everyone concerned about the social implications of the global Internet.

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261

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309073103

ISBN 13

9780309073103

Global Networks and Local Values

A Comparative Look at Germany and the United States

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study Global Networks and Local Values

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Global Networks and Local Values

A Comparative Look at Germany and the United States

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study Global Networks and Local Values

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261

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309073103

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9780309073103

Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Offensive Information Warfare

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Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Offensive Information Warfare

The United States is increasingly dependent on information and information technology for both civilian and military purposes, as are many other nations. Although there is a substantial literature on the potential impact of a cyberattack on the societal infrastructure of the United States, little has been written about the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. policy. Cyberattacks-actions intended to damage adversary computer systems or networks-can be used for a variety of military purposes. But they also have application to certain missions of the intelligence community, such as covert action. They may be useful for certain domestic law enforcement purposes, and some analysts believe that they might be useful for certain private sector entities who are themselves under cyberattack. This report considers all of these applications from an integrated perspective that ties together technology, policy, legal, and ethical issues. Focusing on the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. national policy, Technology, Policy, Law and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities explores important characteristics of cyberattack. It describes the current international and domestic legal structure as it might apply to cyberattack, and considers analogies to other domains of conflict to develop relevant insights. Of special interest to the military, intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland security communities, this report is also an essential point of departure for nongovernmental researchers interested in this rarely discussed topic.

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391

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309138507

ISBN 13

9780309138505

Social Security Administration Electronic Service Provision

A Strategic Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on the Social Security Administration's E-Government Strategy and Planning for the Future

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Social Security Administration Electronic Service Provision

A Strategic Assessment

Social Security Administration Electronic Service Provision examines the Social Security Administration's (SSA's) proposed e-government strategy and provides advice on how the SSA can best deliver services to its constituencies in the future. The assessment by the Committee on the Social Security Administration's E-Government Strategy and Planning for the Future was based on (1) its examination of the SSA's current e-government strategy, including technological assumptions, performance measures and targets, planned operational capabilities, strategic requirements, and future goals; (2) its consideration of strategies, assumptions, and technical and operational requirements in comparable public- and private-sector institutions; and (3) its consideration of the larger organizational, societal, and technological context in which the SSA operates.

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174

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103932

ISBN 13

9780309103930

Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace

By: National Academy of Engineering,National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Improving Cybersecurity Research in the United States

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Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace

Given the growing importance of cyberspace to nearly all aspects of national life, a secure cyberspace is vitally important to the nation, but cyberspace is far from secure today. The United States faces the real risk that adversaries will exploit vulnerabilities in the nation's critical information systems, thereby causing considerable suffering and damage. Online e-commerce business, government agency files, and identity records are all potential security targets. Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace examines these Internet security vulnerabilities and offers a strategy for future research aimed at countering cyber attacks. It also explores the nature of online threats and some of the reasons why past research for improving cybersecurity has had less impact than anticipated, and considers the human resource base needed to advance the cybersecurity research agenda. This book will be an invaluable resource for Internet security professionals, information technologists, policy makers, data stewards, e-commerce providers, consumer protection advocates, and others interested in digital security and safety.

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329

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103959

ISBN 13

9780309103954

Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Privacy in the Information Age

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Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Privacy in the Information Age

Privacy is a growing concern in the United States and around the world. The spread of the Internet and the seemingly boundaryless options for collecting, saving, sharing, and comparing information trigger consumer worries. Online practices of business and government agencies may present new ways to compromise privacy, and e-commerce and technologies that make a wide range of personal information available to anyone with a Web browser only begin to hint at the possibilities for inappropriate or unwarranted intrusion into our personal lives. Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age presents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary examination of privacy in the information age. It explores such important concepts as how the threats to privacy evolving, how can privacy be protected and how society can balance the interests of individuals, businesses and government in ways that promote privacy reasonably and effectively? This book seeks to raise awareness of the web of connectedness among the actions one takes and the privacy policies that are enacted, and provides a variety of tools and concepts with which debates over privacy can be more fruitfully engaged. Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age focuses on three major components affecting notions, perceptions, and expectations of privacy: technological change, societal shifts, and circumstantial discontinuities. This book will be of special interest to anyone interested in understanding why privacy issues are often so intractable.

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451

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103924

ISBN 13

9780309103923

International Network of Global Fiducial Stations

Science and Implementation Issues

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geodesy,Panel on a Global Network of Fiducial Sites

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International Network of Global Fiducial Stations

Science and Implementation Issues

The advent of highly precise space-based geodetic techniques has led to the application of these techniques to the solution of global earth and ocean problems. Now under consideration is a worldwide network of interconnected fiducial stations where geodetic as well as other scientific measurements can be made. This book discusses the science rationale behind the concept of an extensive global network of fiducial sites. It identifies geophysical problems that cannot be solved without a global approach and cites geodetic objectives that call for a global deployment of fiducial sites. It concludes with operations considerations and proposes a plan for development of the global network.

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142

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309045436

ISBN 13

9780309045438

Freight Transport

Eighth Report of Session 2007-08; Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Transport Committee

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Freight Transport

Eighth Report of Session 2007-08; Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Transport Committee

This is the 8th report from the Transport Committee (HCP 249, session 2007-08, ISBN 9780215521941) and focuses on freight transport. The Committee has set out 29 recommendations, including: that the Government needs to adopt a more proactive freight strategy, given there are significant economic and transport benefits to be gained; the Department of Transport should produce a national freight plan, setting out aspirations for the reduction in congestion and transport emissions, freight infrastructure and job opportunities and the development of future technologies that maybe beneficial for the freight business; that rail and water freight must be able to compete on a an equal footing with road transport; that the Government could do more to encourage waterborne freight transport; that Network Rail must recognise the importance of freight instead of treating it as the poor relation of passenger services; that the Government needs to engage with European freight schemes to ensure that UK business is not disadvantaged and further, highlight the importance of the UK air freight operators' competiveness with continental operators; the Government needs to discuss a way forward with the UK haulier industry, which the Committee sees as being unfairly treated through subsidising their continental competitors through high levels of taxation on fuel.

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276

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The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215521943

ISBN 13

9780215521941

Network Science

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications

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Network Science

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications

The military is currently attempting to develop itself into a force capable of networkcentric operations. While this effort has highlighted the military's dependence on interacting networks, it has also shown that there is a huge gap between what we need to know about networks and our fundamental knowledge about network behavior. This gap makes the military vision of NCO problematic. To help address this problem, the Army asked the NRC to find out whether identifying and funding a new field of "network science" could help close this gap. This report presents an examination of networks andthe military, an analysis of the promise, content, and challenges of network science, and an assessment of approaches to creating value from network science.

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125

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309100267

ISBN 13

9780309100267

Building Scientific Capacity for Development

Fourth Report of Session 2012-13, [Vol. 1]: Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

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Building Scientific Capacity for Development

Fourth Report of Session 2012-13, [Vol. 1]: Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

The UK has benefitted from having strong scientific advice available to Ministers and developing nations would see a huge benefit from being able to draw on strong home-grown institutions to inform policy decisions. A previous report by the Science and Technology Committee had criticised the Government for not paying enough attention to building the science base of developing nations. While concerns remain, MPs considered that the Department for International Development had made improvements in using a more robust evidence base and developing its own in-house expertise. An important feature raised in this report is that there had to be more attention paid to ensuring that scientists, especially those trained through UK support, were facilitated in staying in their home country and utilising the skills they had acquired. More support was needed to permit scientists from developing nations to build and develop their early career within in their native country. Only then could programmes to build scientific capacity eventually become self-sustaining. UK science benefits from collaborations in developing nations and through building connections with growing economies of the world but the MPs found that current funding streams actively discourage the participation of UK scientists. The MPs recommended that exercises such as the Research Excellence Framework recognise the contribution made by these scientists beyond their publication record.

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132

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The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215049632

ISBN 13

9780215049636

Progress Towards the Knowledge Driven Economy

Eighth Report of Session 2004-05, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Trade and Industry Committee

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Progress Towards the Knowledge Driven Economy

Eighth Report of Session 2004-05, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Trade and Industry Committee

The 1998 White Paper 'Our competitive future: building the knowledge based economy' (CM 4176 ISBN 0101417624) proposed a ten year programme to enable the UK to close the productivity gap by exploiting the potential benefits of a modern knowledge driven economy. More than six years on, this report is a review of the progress that has been made. The topics covered include: UK performance since 1998; the development of new products, processes and services; science and knowledge research bases; knowledge transfer and exploitation; information and communication technologies, competition from low-cost economies. One of the conclusions is that although the UK's science and knowledge research bases and businesses are collaborating more frequently, the performance in knowledge exploitation has been disappointing and the relative position of the UK against the rest of the G7 has remained unchanged. Another conclusion is that although there is some evidence that outsourcing abroad can be beneficial, the Government should keep the trend under review in case there are strategic loses.

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284

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The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215023005

ISBN 13

9780215023001

Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities

Public Service and Public Policy

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on the Future of the Colleges of Agriculture in the Land Grant University System

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Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities

Public Service and Public Policy

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on the Future of the Colleges of Agriculture in the Land Grant University System

Since their inception in 1862, the U.S. land grant colleges have evolved to become the training ground for the nation's and the world's agriculturists. In this book, the committee examines the future of the colleges of agriculture in light of changing national priorities for the agricultural, food, and natural resource system. The effects of federal funding constraints also are examined, as are opportunities for growth presented by developments in science. The committee's preceding volume, Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities: A Profile, is a compilation of the data that helped formulate the specific questions to be addressed. Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Univerisities: Public Service and Public Policy is the deliberative report, rating conclusions and recommendations for institutional innovation and public policy. It addresses these and other questions: What education mission should colleges of agriculture adoptâ€"and what strategies should they useâ€"in light of significant changes in the agricultural complex? Research in agriculture is expected to respond to consumer demands, environmental concerns, world population growth, and increasing pressure on agricultural lands. Is the century-old structure of land grant university-based research up to the task? What is the role of extension in light of today's smaller farming communities and larger farming conglomerates? This volume is the culmination of a landmark evaluation of land grant colleges of agriculture, an American institution. This document will be of value to policymakers, administrators, and others involved in agricultural science and education.

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139

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309054338

ISBN 13

9780309054331

Learning to Think Spatially

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Support for Thinking Spatially: The Incorporation of Geographic Information Science Across the K-12 Curriculum

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Learning to Think Spatially

Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of Kâ€"12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the Kâ€"12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.

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333

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092086

ISBN 13

9780309092081

Diffusion Processes and Fertility Transition

Selected Perspectives

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population

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Diffusion Processes and Fertility Transition

Selected Perspectives

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population

This volume is part of an effort to review what is known about the determinants of fertility transition in developing countries and to identify lessons that might lead to policies aimed at lowering fertility. It addresses the roles of diffusion processes, ideational change, social networks, and mass communications in changing behavior and values, especially as related to childbearing. A new body of empirical research is currently emerging from studies of social networks in Asia (Thailand, Taiwan, Korea), Latin America (Costa Rica), and Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Ghana). Given the potential significance of social interactions to the design of effective family planning programs in high-fertility settings, efforts to synthesize this emerging body of literature are clearly important.

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286

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309076102

ISBN 13

9780309076104

An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Valuing Community-Based, Non-Clinical Prevention Policies and Wellness Strategies

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An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Valuing Community-Based, Non-Clinical Prevention Policies and Wellness Strategies

During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.

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181

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309263573

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9780309263573

U.S. and International Perspectives on Global Science Policy and Science Diplomacy

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Global Science Policy and Science Diplomacy

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U.S. and International Perspectives on Global Science Policy and Science Diplomacy

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Global Science Policy and Science Diplomacy

The United States and other countries around the world face problems of an increasingly global nature that often require major contributions from science and engineering that one nation alone cannot provide. The advance of science and engineering is an increasingly global enterprise, and in many areas there is a natural commonality of interest among practitioners from diverse cultures. In response to challenges, the National Academies held a workshop in Washington, DC, in February 2011, to assess effective ways to meet international challenges through sound science policy and science diplomacy. U.S. and International Perspectives on Global Science Policy and Science Diplomacy summarizes issues addressed during this workshop. Participants discussed many of the characteristics of science, such as its common language and methods; the open, self-correcting nature of research; the universality of the most important questions; and its respect for evidence. These common aspects not only make science inherently international but also give science special capacities in advancing communication and cooperation. Many workshop participants pointed out that, while advancing global science and science diplomacy are distinct, they are complementary, and making them each more effective often involves similar measures. Some participants suggested it may sometimes be more accurate to use the term global science cooperation rather than science diplomacy. Other participants indicated that science diplomacy is, in many situations, a clear and useful concept, recounting remarkable historical cases of the effective use of international scientific cooperation in building positive governmental relationships and dealing with sensitive and urgent problems. To gain U.S. and international perspectives on these issues, representatives from Brazil, Bangladesh, Egypt, Germany, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Morocco, Rwanda, South Africa, and Syria attended the workshop, as well as two of the most recently named U.S. science envoys, Rita Colwell and Gebisa Ejeta.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309224381

ISBN 13

9780309224383

The National Geomagnetic Initiative

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,U.S. Geodynamics Committee

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The National Geomagnetic Initiative

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,U.S. Geodynamics Committee

This book provides a comprehensive review of geomagnetism and describes the scope of the science and its interdisciplinary importance. It explores a wide range of synergistic linkages in geophysical research and associated applications related to the geomagnetic field, as well as corresponding challenges and opportunities.

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263

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309049776

ISBN 13

9780309049771

Ocean Acidification

A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring

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Ocean Acidification

A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring

The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.

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163

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030915359X

ISBN 13

9780309153591

Thriving on Our Changing Planet

A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space

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Thriving on Our Changing Planet

A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space

We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade.

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717

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309467578

ISBN 13

9780309467575

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