Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update)'s Books

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2006

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2006

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update)

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895

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309107083

ISBN 13

9780309107082

Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Evaluation of the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

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Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Evaluation of the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans

The United States has long recognized and honored the service and sacrifices of its military and veterans. Veterans who have been injured by their service (whether their injury appears during service or afterwards) are owed appropriate health care and disability compensation. For some medical conditions that develop after military service, the scientific information needed to connect the health conditions to the circumstances of service may be incomplete. When information is incomplete, Congress or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) may need to make a "presumption" of service connection so that a group of veterans can be appropriately compensated. The missing information may be about the specific exposures of the veterans, or there may be incomplete scientific evidence as to whether an exposure during service causes the health condition of concern. For example, when the exposures of military personnel in Vietnam to Agent Orange could not be clearly documented, a presumption was established that all those who set foot on Vietnam soil were exposed to Agent Orange. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee was charged with reviewing and describing how presumptions have been made in the past and, if needed, to make recommendations for an improved scientific framework that could be used in the future for determining if a presumption should be made. The Committee was asked to consider and describe the processes of all participants in the current presumptive disability decision-making process for veterans. The Committee was not asked to offer an opinion about past presumptive decisions or to suggest specific future presumptions. The Committee heard from a range of groups that figure into this decision-making process, including past and present staffers from Congress, the VA, the IOM, veterans service organizations, and individual veterans. The Department of Defense (DoD) briefed the Committee about its current activities and plans to better track the exposures and health conditions of military personnel. The Committee further documented the current process by developing case studies around exposures and health conditions for which presumptions had been made. Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans explains recommendations made by the committee general methods by which scientists, as well as government and other organizations, evaluate scientific evidence in order to determine if a specific exposure causes a health condition.

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813

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030910730X

ISBN 13

9780309107303

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2006

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2006

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update)

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ISBN 10

0309107083

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9780309107082

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2004

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Fifth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2004

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Fifth Biennial Update)

Sixth in a series of congressionally mandated studies, this book is an updated review and evaluation of the available evidence regarding the statistical assoication between exposure to herbicides used in Vietnam and various adverse health outcomes suspected to be linked with such exposure. This book builds upon the information contained in the earlier books in the series: Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam (1994) Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1998 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2002 Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicides and Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes (2000) Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in the Children of Vietnam Veterans (2002) Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004 focuses primarily on scientific studies and other information developed since the release of these earlier books. The previous volumes have noted that sufficient evidence exists to link chronic lymphocytic leukemia, soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and chloracne with exposure. The books also noted that there is "limited or suggestive" evidence of an association between exposure and respiratory cancers, prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, the metabolic disorder porphyria cutanea tarda, early-onset transient peripheral neuropathies, Type 2 diabetes, and the congenital birth defect spinal bifida in veterans' children. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans' organizations, researchers, and health professionals.

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681

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309095980

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9780309095983

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 11 (2018)

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Eleventh Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 11 (2018)

From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018) examines peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between various health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published between September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2017, and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database.

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739

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309477166

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9780309477161

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2010

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Eighth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2010

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Eighth Biennial Update)

Because of continuing uncertainty about the long-term health effects of the sprayed herbicides on Vietnam veterans, Congress passed the Agent Orange Act of 1991. The legislation directed the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) to request the Institite of Medicine to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides used in Vietnam to be followed by biennial updates. The 2010 update recommends further research of links between Vietnam service and specific health outcomes, most importantly COPD, tonsil cancer, melanoma, brain cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and paternally transmitted effects to offspring.

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836

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309214475

ISBN 13

9780309214476

Veterans and Agent Orange

Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides

Have U.S. military personnel experienced health problems from being exposed to Agent Orange, its dioxin contaminants, and other herbicides used in Vietnam? This definitive volume summarizes the strength of the evidence associating exposure during Vietnam service with cancer and other health effects and presents conclusions from an expert panel. Veterans and Agent Orange provides a historical review of the issue, examines studies of populations, in addition to Vietnam veterans, environmentally and occupationally exposed to herbicides and dioxin, and discusses problems in study methodology. The core of the book presents: What is known about the toxicology of the herbicides used in greatest quantities in Vietnam. What is known about assessing exposure to herbicides and dioxin. What can be determined from the wide range of epidemiological studies conducted by different authorities. What is known about the relationship between exposure to herbicides and dioxin, and cancer, reproductive effects, neurobehavioral disorders, and other health effects. The book describes research areas of continuing concern and offers recommendations for further research on the health effects of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam veterans. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans organizations, researchers, and health professionals.

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833

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309048877

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9780309048873

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 1998

By: Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Second Biennial Update),Institute of Medicine

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 1998

By: Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Second Biennial Update),Institute of Medicine

Third in a series of six congressionally mandated studies occurring biennially, this book is an updated review and evaluation of the available scientific evidence regarding the statistical association between exposure to herbicides used in Vietnam and various adverse health outcomes suspected to be linked with such exposures. As part of the review, the committee convened a workshop at which issues surrounding the reanalysis and the combination of existing data on the health effects of herbicide and dioxin exposure were addressed. This book builds upon the information developed by the IOM committees responsible for the 1994 original report, Veterans and Agent Orange, and Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996, but will focus on scientific studies and other information developed since the release of these reports. The two previous volumes have noted that sufficient evidence exists to link soft tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and chloracne with exposure. The books also noted that there is "limited or suggestive" evidence to show an association with exposure and a neurological disorder in veterans and with the congenital birth defect spina bifida in veterans' children. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans organizations, researchers, and health professionals.

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625

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309524687

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9780309524681

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2014

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Tenth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2014

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1115

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309380693

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9780309380690

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2008

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Seventh Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2008

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Seventh Biennial Update)

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707

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309147921

ISBN 13

9780309147927

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2012

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Ninth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2012

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Ninth Biennial Update)

From 1962 to 1971, the US military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations are conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence.Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2012 reviews peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published in October 2010-September 2012 and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database. This report considers whether a statistical association with herbicide exposure exists, taking into account the strength of the scientific evidence and the appropriateness of the statistical and epidemiological methods used to detect the association; the increased risk of disease among those exposed to herbicides during service in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam era; and whether there exists a plausible biological mechanism or other evidence of a causal relationship between herbicide exposure and the disease.

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802

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309288894

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9780309288897

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2002

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Fourth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2002

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Fourth Biennial Update)

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638

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ISBN 10

0309168562

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9780309168564

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2000

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Third Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2000

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Third Biennial Update)

Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000 examines the state of the scientific evidence regarding associations between diseases and exposure to dioxin and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam. It is the fourth in a series of comprehensive reviews of epidemiologic and toxicologic studies of the agents used as defoliants during the Vietnam War. Over forty health outcomes in veterans and their children are addressed. Among the report's conclusions is that there is sufficient evidence of a link between exposure and the development of soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and chloracne in veterans. Additionally, it found that scientific studies offer "limited or suggestive" evidence of an association with other diseases in veteransâ€"including Type 2 diabetes, respiratory cancers, prostate cancer, multiple myeloma and some forms of transient peripheral neuropathyâ€"as well as the congenital birth defect spina bifida in veterans' children.

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622

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309171016

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9780309171014

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 1996

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 1996

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides

This book updates and evaluates the available scientific evidence regarding statistical associations between diseases and exposure to dioxin and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam, focusing on new scientific studies and literature published since the release of Veterans and Agent Orange (1994). The update gives special attention to the relationship between exposure to herbicides and the development of birth defects and transient peripheral neuropathy, as well as the relationship between exposure to herbicides and the subsequent development of prostate, hepatobiliary, nasopharyngeal, and other cancers. The book also explores the relationship between the length of time since first exposure and the possible risk of cancer development. It reviews and summarizes the strength of scientific evidence concerning the association between herbicide use in Vietnam and each disease suspected to be associated with such exposure.

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332

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309054877

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9780309054874

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2002

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Fourth Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2002

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Fourth Biennial Update)

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639

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309086167

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9780309086165

Veterans and Agent Orange

Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Evidence Regarding the Link Between Exposure to Agent Orange and Diabetes

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Review the Evidence Regarding the Link Between Exposure to Agent Orange and Diabetes

In response to the concerns voiced by Vietnam veterans and their families, Congress called upon the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to review the scientific evidence on the possible health effects of exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides. This call resulted in the creation of the first NAS Institute of Medicine Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides in 1992. The committee published its initial findings in the 1994 report Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam. This report is the result of a 1999 request from the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) under the aegis of the Veterans and Agent Orange research program. Specifically, DVA asked the committee to examine evidence regarding the association, if any, between Type 2 diabetes and exposure to dioxin and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam. Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes reviews the scientific evidence regarding the association, if any, between Type 2 diabetes1 and exposure to dioxin2 and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam. This report examines, to the extent that available data permitted meaningful determinations, (1) whether a statistical association with herbicide exposure exists, taking into account the strength of the scientific evidence and the appropriateness of the statistical and epidemiologic methods used to detect the association; (2) the increased risk of the disease among those exposed to herbicides during Vietnam service; and (3) whether there is a plausible biological mechanism or other evidence of a causal relationship between herbicide exposure and the disease.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309171490

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9780309171496

Characterizing Exposure of Veterans to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides Used in Vietnam

Interim Findings and Recommendations

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Assessment of Wartime Exposure to Herbicides in Vietnam

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Characterizing Exposure of Veterans to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides Used in Vietnam

Interim Findings and Recommendations

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Assessment of Wartime Exposure to Herbicides in Vietnam

From 1962 to 1971, US military forces sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that helped conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that enemy forces might depend on, and to clear tall grass and bushes from around the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Most large-scale spraying operations were conducted from airplanes and helicopters, but herbicides were also sprayed from boats and ground vehicles, and by soldiers wearing back-mounted equipment. After a scientific report concluded that a contaminant of one of the primary chemicals used in the herbicide called Agent Orange could cause birth defects in laboratory animals, US forces suspended use of the herbicide; they subsequently halted all herbicide spraying in Vietnam in 1971. At the request of the Veteran's Administration, the Institute of Medicine established a committee to oversee the development and evaluation of models of herbicide exposure for use in studies of Vietnam veterans. That committee would develop and disseminate a request for proposals (RFP) consistent with the recommendations; evaluate the proposals received in response to the RFP and select one or more academic or other nongovernmental research groups to develop the exposure reconstruction model; provide scientific and administrative oversight of the work of the researchers; and evaluate the models developed by the researchers in a report to VA, which would be published for a broader audience. Characterizing Exposure of Veterans to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides Used in Vietnam is the IOM's report that evaluates models of herbicide reconstruction to develop and test models of herbicide exposure for use in studies of Vietnam veterans.

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ISBN 10

0309089433

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9780309089432

The Utility of Proximity-Based Herbicide Exposure Assessment in Epidemiologic Studies of Vietnam Veterans

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Making Best Use of the Agent Orange Exposure Reconstruction Model

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The Utility of Proximity-Based Herbicide Exposure Assessment in Epidemiologic Studies of Vietnam Veterans

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Making Best Use of the Agent Orange Exposure Reconstruction Model

A fundamental challenge in past studies evaluating whether health problems experienced by Vietnam veterans might be linked to wartime use of Agent Orange or other herbicides has been a lack of information about the veterans' level of exposure to these herbicides. To address that problem, researchers developed a model to assess the opportunity for herbicide exposure among these veterans. The Utility of Proximity-Based Herbicide Exposure Assessment in Epidemiologic Studies of Vietnam Veterans presents the conclusions and recommendations of an Institute of Medicine committee (IOM) that was convened to provide guidance to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) about the best use of a model to characterize exposure to the troops based on their proximity to herbicide spraying in Vietnam. This book's assessment is guided by four primary considerations: to be clear about what the assessment model does and does not claim to do; to gain understanding of the strengths and limitations of data on herbicide spraying, troop locations, and health outcomes; to consider whether the model locates spraying and troops accurately to consider the potential contributions and pitfalls of using it in epidemiologic studies. Of particular interest in these deliberations were the degree to which exposure classification might be improved if the model were to be used, and the appropriate interpretation of the results of any such studies. In light of the questions that remain concerning herbicide exposure and health among Vietnam veterans and the array of evidence that has thus far been brought to bear on that issue, The Utility of Proximity-Based Herbicide Exposure Assessment in Epidemiologic Studies of Vietnam Veterans concludes that the application of this model offers a constructive approach to extending knowledge about the effects of herbicides on the health of these veterans and merits the initial steps recommended in our report.

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160

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030917810X

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9780309178105

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 1996

By: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides,Institute of Medicine

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 1996

By: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides,Institute of Medicine

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365

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ISBN 10

0309142458

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9780309142458

Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure

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Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure

Over 3 million U.S. military personnel were sent to Southeast Asia to fight in the Vietnam War. Since the end of the Vietnam War, veterans have reported numerous health effects. Herbicides used in Vietnam, in particular Agent Orange have been associated with a variety of cancers and other long term health problems from Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes to heart disease. Prior to 1997 laws safeguarded all service men and women deployed to Vietnam including members of the Blue Navy. Since then, the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) has established that Vietnam veterans are automatically eligible for disability benefits should they develop any disease associated with Agent Orange exposure, however, veterans who served on deep sea vessels in Vietnam are not included. These "Blue Water Navy" veterans must prove they were exposed to Agent Orange before they can claim benefits. At the request of the VA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined whether Blue Water Navy veterans had similar exposures to Agent Orange as other Vietnam veterans. Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure comprehensively examines whether Vietnam veterans in the Blue Water Navy experienced exposures to herbicides and their contaminants by reviewing historical reports, relevant legislation, key personnel insights, and chemical analysis to resolve current debate on this issue.

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158

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309216214

ISBN 13

9780309216210

Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Evaluate the Potential Exposure to Agent Orange/TCDD Residue and Level of Risk of Adverse Health Effects for Aircrew of Post-Vietnam C-123 Aircraft

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Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft

From 1972 to 1982, approximately 1,500-2,100 US Air Force Reserve personnel trained and worked on C-123 aircraft that had formerly been used to spray herbicides in Vietnam as part of Operation Ranch Hand. After becoming aware that some of the aircraft on which they had worked had previously served this purpose, some of these AF Reservists applied to the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for compensatory coverage under the Agent Orange Act of 1991. The Act provides health care and disability coverage for health conditions that have been deemed presumptively service-related for herbicide exposure during the Vietnam War. The VA denied the applications on the basis that these veterans were ineligible because as non-Vietnam-era veterans or as Vietnam-era veterans without "boots on the ground" service in Vietnam, they were not covered. However, with the knowledge that some air and wipe samples taken between 1979 and 2009 from some of the C-123s used in Operation Ranch Hand showed the presence of agent orange residues, representatives of the C-123 Veterans Association began a concerted effort to reverse VA's position and obtain coverage. At the request of the VA, Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft evaluates whether or not service in these C-123s could have plausibly resulted in exposures detrimental to the health of these Air Force Reservists. The Institute of Medicine assembled an expert committee to address this question qualitatively, but in a scientific and evidence-based fashion. This report evaluates the reliability of the available information for establishing exposure and addresses and places in context whether any documented residues represent potentially harmful exposure by characterizing the amounts available and the degree to which absorption might be expected. Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure rejects the idea that the dioxin residues detected on interior surfaces of the C-123s were immobile and effectively inaccessible to the Reservists as a source of exposure. Accordingly, this report states with confidence that the Air Force Reservists were exposed when working in the Operation Ranch Hand C-123s and so experienced some increase in their risk of a variety of adverse responses.

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110

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309308933

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9780309308939

Review of Report and Approach to Evaluating Long-Term Health Effects in Army Test Subjects

Interim Report

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review Report on Long-Term Health Effects on Army Test Subjects

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Review of Report and Approach to Evaluating Long-Term Health Effects in Army Test Subjects

Interim Report

Between 1942 and 1975, the U.S. Army conducted tests with human subjects to study the effects of a variety of agents, including chemical warfare and biological agents. The potential long-term health effects on the test subjects from their exposures have been evaluated periodically, most recently in a report titled Assessment of Potential Long-Term Health Effects on Army Human Test Subjects of Relevant Biological and Chemical Agents, Drugs, Medications and Substances: Literature Review and Analysis (the Report), which was prepared by a contractor to assist the Army with making determinations about providing medical care to former test subjects. In response to a request by the Army, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed a committee that was tasked with examining whether the Report appropriately identified potential long-term health effects from exposure to the test agents and whether an adequate weight-of-evidence approach was used to characterize the strength of the associations between the agents and their potential health effects. The committee was made aware at its first meeting on November 30, 2017, that the Army had already begun to receive applications for medical care and that some determinations may need to be made before the committee's evaluation of the Report was completed. Because of this urgency, the Army developed a process by which applications for medical care will be reviewed, and as a result, the committee was given the additional task of reviewing the Army's Memorandum that describes the approach that will be used by the Army to evaluate agent- and outcome-specific associations. This interim report was prepared to facilitate the Army's deliberations. A review of the Report is presented first, followed by a review of the Memorandum.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309472091

ISBN 13

9780309472098

Book's by Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Sixth Biennial Update)

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