Committee to Review the CDC-NCI Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences from Nuclear Weapons Tests's Books

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Review the CDC-NCI Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences from Nuclear Weapons Tests

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Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

This report is a review of the draft feasibility study that was issued at the request of Congress by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Over 500 atmospheric nuclear-weapons tests were conducted at various sites around the world during 1945-1980. As public awareness and concern mounted over the possible health hazards associated with exposure to the fallout from weapons testing, a feasibility study was initiated by CDC and NCI to assess the extent of the hazard. The CDC-NCI study claims that the fallout might have led to approximately 11,000 excess deaths, most caused by thyroid cancer linked to exposure to iodine-131. The committee noted that CDC and NCI used the best available data to estimate exposure and health hazards. The committee does not recommend an expanded study of exposure to radionuclides other than 131I since radiation doses from those radionuclides were much lower than those from 131I. It also recommended that CDC urge Congress to prohibit the destruction of all remaining records relevant to fallout.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309168465

ISBN 13

9780309168465

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

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Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309168465

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9780309168465

Breast Cancer and the Environment

A Life Course Approach

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Breast Cancer and the Environment: The Scientific Evidence, Research Methodology, and Future Directions

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Breast Cancer and the Environment

A Life Course Approach

Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer among women. The primary patients of breast cancer are adult women who are approaching or have reached menopause; 90 percent of new cases in U.S. women in 2009 were diagnosed at age 45 or older. Growing knowledge of the complexity of breast cancer stimulated a transition in breast cancer research toward elucidating how external factors may influence the etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer and the Environment reviews the current evidence on a selection of environmental risk factors for breast cancer, considers gene-environment interactions in breast cancer, and explores evidence-based actions that might reduce the risk of breast cancer. The book also recommends further integrative research into the elements of the biology of breast development and carcinogenesis, including the influence of exposure to a variety of environmental factors during potential windows of susceptibility during the full life course, potential interventions to reduce risk, and better tools for assessing the carcinogenicity of environmental factors. For a limited set of risk factors, evidence suggests that action can be taken in ways that may reduce risk for breast cancer for many women: avoiding unnecessary medical radiation throughout life, avoiding the use of some forms of postmenopausal hormone therapy, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, increasing physical activity, and minimizing weight gain. Breast Cancer and the Environment sets a direction and a focus for future research efforts. The book will be of special interest to medical researchers, patient advocacy groups, and public health professionals.

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468

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309220696

ISBN 13

9780309220699

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Assess the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

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Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.

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430

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309165148

ISBN 13

9780309165143

Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-Bomb Tests

Review of the National Cancer Institute Report and Public Health Implications

By: Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure,Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-Bomb Tests

Review of the National Cancer Institute Report and Public Health Implications

In 1997, after more than a decade of research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) released a report which provided their assessment of radiation exposures that Americans may have received from radioactive iodine released from the atomic bomb tests conducted in Nevada during the 1950s and early 1960s. This book provides an evaluation of the soundness of the methodology used by the NCI study to estimate: Past radiation doses. Possible health consequences of exposure to iodine-131. Implications for clinical practice. Possible public health strategies--such as systematic screening for thyroid cancer--to respond to the exposures. In addition, the book provides an evaluation of the NCI estimates of the number of thyroid cancers that might result from the nuclear testing program and provides guidance on approaches the U.S. government might use to communicate with the public about Iodine-131 exposures and health risks.

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289

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030952248X

ISBN 13

9780309522489

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans

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Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans

Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.

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108

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309053404

ISBN 13

9780309053402

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

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Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

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430

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309165148

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9780309165143

The Five Series Study

Mortality of Military Participants in U.S. Nuclear Weapons Tests

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Study the Mortality of Military Personnel Present at Atmospheric Tests of Nuclear Weapons,Heather O'Maonaigh,Harriet Crawford,William F. Page,Susan Thaul

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The Five Series Study

Mortality of Military Participants in U.S. Nuclear Weapons Tests

More than 200,000 U.S. military personnel participated in atmospheric nuclear weapons tests between 1945 and the 1963 Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Questions persist, such as whether that test participation is associated with the timing and causes of death among those individuals. This is the report of a mortality study of the approximately 70,000 soldiers, sailors, and airmen who participated in at least one of five selected U.S. nuclear weapons test series1 in the 1950s and nearly 65,000 comparable nonparticipants, the referents. The investigation described in this report, based on more than 5 million person-years of mortality follow-up, represents one of the largest cohort studies of military veterans ever conducted.

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239

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309067812

ISBN 13

9780309067812

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Technical Issues for the United States

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

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The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Technical Issues for the United States

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This report also assesses various topics, including: the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing; the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions; commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; and potential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing. Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise.

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214

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309149983

ISBN 13

9780309149983

Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

By: National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

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Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Drawing upon the considerable existing body of technical material related to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed and assessed the key technical issues that arose during the Senate debate over treaty ratification. In particular, these include: (1) the capacity of the United States to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its nuclear stockpile in the absence of nuclear testing; (2) the nuclear-test detection capabilities of the international monitoring system (with and without augmentation by national systems and instrumentation in use for scientific purposes, and taking into account the possibilities for decoupling nuclear explosions from surrounding geologic media); and (3) the additions to their nuclear-weapons capabilities that other countries could achieve through nuclear testing at yield levels that might escape detection, and the effect of such additions on the security of the United States.

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110

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309085063

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9780309085069

Book's by Committee to Review the CDC-NCI Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Breast Cancer and the Environment

Breast Cancer and the Environment

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-Bomb Tests

Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-Bomb Tests

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

The Five Series Study

The Five Series Study

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

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