Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2's Books

Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report

By: Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report

By: Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

In July 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) appointed the Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2, to conduct an independent review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP). The 21CTP is a cooperative research and development (R&D) partnership including four federal agencies-the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-and 15 industrial partners. The purpose of this Partnership is to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, increase heavy-duty vehicle safety, and support research, development, and demonstration to initiate commercially viable products and systems. This is the NRC's second report on the topic and it includes the committee's review of the Partnership as a whole, its major areas of focus, 21CTP's management and priority setting, efficient operations, and the new SuperTruck program.

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190

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309387582

ISBN 13

9780309387583

Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

Third Report

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 3

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Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

Third Report

The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP) works to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, increase heavy-duty vehicle safety, and support research, development, and demonstration to initiate commercially viable products and systems. This report is the third in a series of three by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that have reviewed the research and development initiatives carried out by the 21CTP. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Third Report builds on the Phase 1 and 2 reviews and reports, and also comments on changes and progress since the Phase 2 report was issued in 2012.

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432

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309377137

ISBN 13

9780309377133

Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2

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Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2

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190

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309222478

ISBN 13

9780309222471

Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

Third Report

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Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

Third Report

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432

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309377137

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9780309377133

Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

Second Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 2

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

Second Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 2

The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is a collaborative effort among the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), and five major energy companies to manage research that will enable the vision of a clean and sustainable transportation energy future. It envisions a transition from more efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs), to advanced ICE hybrid electric vehicles, and to enabling a private-sector decision by 2015 on hydrogen-fueled vehicle development. At the request of DOE, the NRC has undertaken an effort to provide biennial reviews of the progress of the research program. Phase I of that review was described in a book issued in 2005. This second book presents an assessment of the progress in the research program management areas as well as the responses of program management to recommendations provided in the Phase I report. Covered in this second book are major crosscutting issues; vehicle subsystems; hydrogen production, delivery, and dispensing; and an overall assessment of the program.

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166

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309116341

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9780309116343

Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two

Final Report

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Transportation Research Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Assessment of Technologies and Approaches for Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two

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Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two

Final Report

Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

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399

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309496381

ISBN 13

9780309496384

Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program

By: National Research Council,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies

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Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program

By: National Research Council,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies

As national priorities have been focused both on reducing fuel consumption and improving air quality, attention has increased on reducing emissions from many types of vehicles, including light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles. Meeting the recently promulgated (and proposed) emission standards and simultaneously increasing fuel economy will pose especially difficult challenges for diesel-powered vehicles and will require the development of new emission-reduction technologies. In response to a request from the director of OHVT, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies to conduct a broad, independent review of its research and development (R&D) activities.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309072514

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9780309072519

Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership

Fifth Report

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on the Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership, Phase 5

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Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership

Fifth Report

Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report follows on four previous reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership. The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible. The guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions.

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255

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309456908

ISBN 13

9780309456906

Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership

Fourth Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the U.S. DRIVE Research Program, Phase 4

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Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership

Fourth Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the U.S. DRIVE Research Program, Phase 4

Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fourth Report follows on three previous NRC reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership (NRC, 2005, 2008a, 2010). The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible. The guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions.

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201

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309268311

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9780309268318

Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

Third Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 3

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

Third Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 3

The public-private partnership to develop vehicles that require less petroleum-based fuel and emit fewer greenhouse gases should continue to include fuel cells and other hydrogen technologies in its research and development portfolio. The third volume in the FreedomCAR series states that, although the partnership's recent shift of focus toward technologies that could be ready for use in the nearer term-such as advanced combustion engines and plug-in electric vehicles-is warranted, R&D on hydrogen and fuel cells is also needed given the high costs and challenges that many of the technologies must overcome before widespread use. The FreedomCAR (Cooperative Automotive Research) and Fuel Partnership is a research collaboration among the U.S. Department of Energy, the United States Council for Automotive Research - whose members are the Detroit automakers-five major energy companies, and two electric utility companies. The partnership seeks to advance the technologies essential for components and infrastructure for a full range of affordable, clean, energy efficient cars and light trucks. Until recently, the program primarily focused on developing technologies that would allow U.S. automakers to make production and marketing decisions by 2015 on hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicles. These vehicles have the potential to be much more energy-efficient than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, produce no harmful tailpipe emissions, and significantly reduce petroleum use. In 2009, the partnership changed direction and stepped up efforts to advance, in the shorter term, technologies for reducing petroleum use in combustion engines, including those using biofuels, as well as batteries that could be used in plug-in hybrid-electric or all electric vehicles.

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228

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309156831

ISBN 13

9780309156837

Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles

Special Report 267

By: Transportation Research Board

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Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles

Special Report 267

By: Transportation Research Board

TRB Special Report 267 - Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles recommends the creation of an independent public organization to evaluate the effects of truck traffic, pilot studies of new truck designs, and a change in federal law authorizing states to issue permits for operation of larger trucks on the Interstates. In 1991, Congress placed a freeze on maximum truck weights and dimensions. Some safety groups were protesting against the safety implications of increased truck size and weight, and the railroads were objecting to the introduction of vehicles they deemed to have an unfair advantage. Railroads, unlike trucking firms, must pay for the capital costs of their infrastructure. The railroads contend that large trucks do not pay sufficient taxes to compensate for the highway damage they cause and the environmental costs they generate. Although Congress apparently hoped it had placed a cap on maximum truck dimensions in 1991, such has not proven to be the case. Carriers operating under specific conditions have been able to seek and obtain special exceptions from the federal freeze by appealing directly to Congress (without any formal review of the possible consequences), thereby encouraging additional firms to seek similar exceptions. In the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, Congress requested a TRB study to review federal policies on commercial vehicle dimensions. The committee that undertook the study that resulted in Special Report 267 found that regulatory analyses of the benefits and costs of changes in truck dimensions are hampered by a lack of information. Regulatory decisions on such matters will always entail a degree of risk and uncertainty, but the degree of uncertainty surrounding truck issues is uunusually high and unnecessary. The committee concluded that the uncertainty could be alleviated if procedures were established for carrying out a program oof basic and applied research, and if evaluation and monitoring were permanent components of the administration of trucking regulations. The committee recommended immediate changes in federal regulations that would allow for a federally supervised permit program. The program would permit the operation of vehicles heavier than would normally be allowed, provided that the changes applied only to vehicles with a maximum weight of 90,000 pounds, double trailer configurations with each trailer up to 33 feet, and an overall weight limit governed by the federal bridge formula. Moreover, enforcement of trucks operating under such a program should be strengthened, and the permits should require that users pay the costs they occasion. States should be free to choose whether to participate in the permit program. Those that elected to do so would be required to have in place a program of bridge management, safety monitoring, enforcement, and cost recovery, overseen by the federal government. The fundamental problem involved in evaluating proposals for changes in truck dimensions is that their effects can often only be estimated or modeled. The data available for estimating safety consequences in particular are inadequate and probably always will be. Thus, the committee that conducted this study concluded that the resulting analyses usually involve a high degree of uncertainty. What is needed is some way to evaluate potential changes through limited and carefully controlled trials, much as proposed new drugs are tested before being allowed in widespread use. The committee recommended that a new independent entity be created to work with private industry in evaluating new concepts and recommending changes to regulatory agencies. Limited pilot tests would be required, which would need to be carefully designed to avoid undue risks and ensure proper evaluation. Special vehicles could be allowed to operate under carefully controlled circumstances, just as oversize and overweight vehicles are allowed to operate under special permits in many states. Changes in federal laws and regulations would be required to allow states to issue such permits on an expanded network of highways, under the condition that a rigorous program of monitoring and evaluation be instituted.Special Report 269 Summary

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283

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030907701X

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9780309077019

Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

First Report

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 1

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

First Report

The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is a collaborative effort among the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), and five major energy companies to manage research that will enable the vision of "a clean and sustainable transportation energy future." It envisions a transition from more efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs), to advanced ICE hybrid electric vehicles, to enabling a private-sector decision by 2015 on hydrogen-fueled vehicle development. This report, which builds on an earlier NRC report, The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs, presents an evaluation of the Partnership's research efforts on hydrogen-fueled transportation systems, and provides findings and recommendations about technical directions, strategies, funding, and management.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309181453

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9780309181457

Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two

Final Report

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Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two

Final Report

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399

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309496357

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9780309496353

Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

Second Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 2

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Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership

Second Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, Phase 2

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166

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309185912

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9780309185912

Freight Capacity for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

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Freight Capacity for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

Recommends development of a national policy to promote better management and investment decisions in order to maintain and improve the capacity of the nation's freight system. This report recommends four principles to guide decisions about using, enlarging, funding, or regulating the freight transportation system.

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166

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

030907746X

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9780309077460

Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Sixth Report

By: Transportation Research Board,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

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Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Sixth Report

Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles reviews the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). The PNGV program is a cooperative research and development (R&D) program between the federal government and the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR). A major objective of the PNGV program is to develop technologies for a new generation of vehicles with fuel economies up to three times (80 miles per gallon [mpg]) those of comparable 1994 family sedans. At the same time, these vehicles must be comparable in terms of performance, size, utility, and cost of ownership and operation and must meet or exceed federal safety and emissions requirements. The intent of the PNGV program is to develop concept vehicles by 2000 and production prototype vehicles by 2004. This report examines the overall adequacy and balance of the PNGV research program to meet the program goals and requirements (i.e., technical objectives, schedules, and rates of progress). The report also discusses ongoing research on fuels, propulsion engines, and emission controls to meet emission requirements and reviews the USCAR partners' progress on PNGV concept vehicles for 2000.

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130

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030918360X

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9780309183604

Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Third Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

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Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Third Report

This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses compression ignition direct injection engines, fuel cells, gas turbines, batteries, flywheels, ultracapacitors, and power electronics being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehiclesâ€"a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research. The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule and addresses several broad program issues such as government efforts to anticipate infrastructure issues, the leverage of foreign technology, and the program's adequacy and balance.

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164

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309057760

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9780309057769

Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Seventh Report

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

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Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Seventh Report

This is the most recent report of the National Research Council's Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), which has conducted annual reviews of the PNGV program since it was established in late 1993. The PNGV is a cooperative R&D program between the federal government and the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR, whose members are DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors) to develop technologies for a new generation of automobiles with up to three times the fuel economy of a 1993 midsize automobile. The reports review major technology development areas (four-stroke direct-injection engines, fuel cells, energy storage, electronic/electrical systems, and structural materials); the overall adequacy of R&D efforts; the systems analysis effort and how it guides decisions on R&D; the progress toward long-range component and system-level cost and performance goals; and efforts in vehicle emissions and advanced materials research and how results target goals. Unlike previous reports, the Seventh Report comments on the goals of the program, since the automotive market and U.S. emission standards have changed significantly since the program was initiated.

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134

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309170524

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9780309170529

Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Fourth Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Standing Committee to Review the Research Programs of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

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Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Fourth Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Standing Committee to Review the Research Programs of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses advanced automotive technologies including engines, fuel cells, batteries, flywheels, power electronics, and lightweight materials being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehiclesâ€"a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research. The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule, the program's adequacy and balance, and addresses several issues such as the benefits of hybrid versus nonhybrid vehicles and the importance of the sports utility vehicle market.

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135

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309060877

ISBN 13

9780309060875

Truck Weight Limits

Issues and Options

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Truck Weight Study

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Truck Weight Limits

Issues and Options

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Truck Weight Study

To help assess proposals for further changes in federal truck weight limits, Congress requested this study through Section 158 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. To conduct the study, the National Research Council convened a special Transportation Research Board committee with experts in pavements, bridges, highway safety, freight transportation economics, motor vehicle design, highway administration, motor carrier operations, and enforcement of motor vehicle regulations. The study focused on four issues identified in the study request that involve potential changes to federal weight limits for Interstate highways: (1) Elimination of existing grandfather provisions; (2) Alternative methods for determining gross vehicle weight and axle loadings; (3) Adequacy of the current federal bridge formula; and (4) Treatment of specialized hauling vehicles--garbage trucks, dump trucks, and other trucks with short wheel bases that have difficulty complying with the current federal bridge formula. For each of these issues, the study committee estimated the nationwide effects of changes in federal limits proposed by the trucking industry, highway agencies, and other groups. Projections of heavy-truck miles by type of truck, region of the country, highway functional class, and operating weight were developed for a base case and alternative truck weight regulatory scenarios. These projections were then used to estimate impacts on truck costs, pavements, bridges, and safety.

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322

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309049555

ISBN 13

9780309049559

Book's by Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2

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