Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction's Books

Clearing the Smoke

Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

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Clearing the Smoke

Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims.

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Page Count

657

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309072824

ISBN 13

9780309072823

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

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Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA.

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Page Count

370

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309223989

ISBN 13

9780309223980

Ending the Tobacco Problem

A Blueprint for the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

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Ending the Tobacco Problem

A Blueprint for the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.

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Page Count

643

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103827

ISBN 13

9780309103824

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

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Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

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Page Count

316

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309317150

ISBN 13

9780309317153

New Treatments for Addiction

Behavioral, Ethical, Legal, and Social Questions

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Immunotherapies and Sustained-Release Formulations for Treating Drug Addiction

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New Treatments for Addiction

Behavioral, Ethical, Legal, and Social Questions

New and improved therapies to treat and protect against drug dependence and abuse are urgently needed. In the United States alone about 50 million people regularly smoke tobacco and another 5 million are addicted to other drugs. In a given year, millions of these individuals attemptâ€"with or without medical assistanceâ€"to quit using drugs, though relapse remains the norm. Furthermore, each year several million teenagers start smoking and nearly as many take illicit drugs for the first time. Research is advancing on promising new means of treating drug addiction using immunotherapies and sustained-release (depot) medications. The aim of this research is to develop medications that can block or significantly attenuate the psychoactive effects of such drugs as cocaine, nicotine, heroin, phencyclidine, and methamphetamine for weeks or months at a time. This represents a fundamentally new therapeutic approach that shows promise for treating drug addiction problems that were difficult to treat in the past. Despite their potential benefits, however, several characteristics of these new methods pose distinct behavioral, ethical, legal, and social challenges that require careful scrutiny. Such issues can be considered unique aspects of safety and efficacy that are fundamentally related to the distinct nature and properties of these new types of medications.

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321

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091284

ISBN 13

9780309091282

Firearms and Violence

A Critical Review

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee to Improve Research Information and Data on Firearms

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Firearms and Violence

A Critical Review

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee to Improve Research Information and Data on Firearms

For years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most contentious issues in American politics. For public authorities to make reasonable decisions on these matters, they must take into account facts about the relationship between guns and violence as well as conflicting constitutional claims and divided public opinion. In performing these tasks, legislators need adequate data and research to judge both the effects of firearms on violence and the effects of different violence control policies. Readers of the research literature on firearms may sometimes find themselves unable to distinguish scholarship from advocacy. Given the importance of this issue, there is a pressing need for a clear and unbiased assessment of the existing portfolio of data and research. Firearms and Violence uses conventional standards of science to examine three major themes - firearms and violence, the quality of research, and the quality of data available. The book assesses the strengths and limitations of current databases, examining current research studies on firearm use and the efforts to reduce unjustified firearm use and suggests ways in which they can be improved.

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341

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091241

ISBN 13

9780309091244

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations

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Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations

The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.

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381

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309146844

ISBN 13

9780309146845

Health and Behavior

The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy

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Health and Behavior

The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy

Health and Behavior reviews our improved understanding of the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social influences and explores findings suggested by recent research-including interventions at multiple levels that we can employ to improve human health. The book covers three main areas: What do biological, behavioral, and social sciences contribute to our understanding of healthâ€"including cardiovascular, immune system and brain functioning, behaviors that influence health, the role of social networks and socioeconomic status, and more. What can we learn from applied research on interventions to improve the health of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and larger populations? How can we expeditiously translate research findings into application?

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396

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309132878

ISBN 13

9780309132879

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

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Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.

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Page Count

775

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309468345

ISBN 13

9780309468343

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

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Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

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Solve jigsaw puzzle

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Page Count

370

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309223989

ISBN 13

9780309223980

Book's by Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

Clearing the Smoke

Clearing the Smoke

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

New Treatments for Addiction

New Treatments for Addiction

Firearms and Violence

Firearms and Violence

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

Health and Behavior

Health and Behavior

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

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