Committee to Assess the Minerva Research Initiative and the Contribution of Social Science to Addressing Security Concerns's Books

Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee to Assess the Minerva Research Initiative and the Contribution of Social Science to Addressing Security Concerns

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Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

The Minerva Research Initiative is a Department of Defense (DoD) social science grant program that funds unclassified basic research relevant to national security. The goal of the program is to make use of the intellectual capital of university-based social scientists to inform understanding of issues important to DoD and the broader national security community. Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative discusses the program's successes and challenges over its first decade of operation, and highlights ways to strengthen the program's foundations and take advantage of opportunities for broadening its reach and usefulness.

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199

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309494281

ISBN 13

9780309494281

Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

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Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

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National Academies Press

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0309494281

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9780309494281

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Research Agenda for Advancing Intelligence Analysis

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on a Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Security

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A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Research Agenda for Advancing Intelligence Analysis

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on a Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Security

The primary function of the intelligence analyst is to make sense of information about the world, but the way analysts do that work will look profoundly different a decade from now. Technological changes will bring both new advances in conducting analysis and new risks related to technologically based activities and communications around the world. Because these changes are virtually inevitable, the Intelligence Community will need to make sustained collaboration with researchers in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS) a key priority if it is to adapt to these changes in the most productive ways. A Decadal Survey Of The Social and Behavioral Sciences provides guidance for a 10-year research agenda. This report identifies key opportunities in SBS research for strengthening intelligence analysis and offers ideas for integrating the knowledge and perspectives of researchers from these fields into the planning and design of efforts to support intelligence analysis.

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401

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030948765X

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9780309487658

An Assessment of the Need for Native Seeds and the Capacity for Their Supply

Interim Report

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on an Assessment of Native Seed Needs and Capacities

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An Assessment of the Need for Native Seeds and the Capacity for Their Supply

Interim Report

Across the United States, millions of acres of land have been so disturbed by human activities or severe climate events that significant portions of their native plant communities have been lost and their ecosystems have been seriously compromised. Restoring impaired ecosystems requires a supply of diverse native plant seeds that are well suited to the climates, soils, and other living species of the system. Native seeds are also in demand for applications in urban land management, roadside maintenance, conservation agriculture, and other restorative activities that take into account the connection between native plant communities and the increasingly urgent need for resilient landscapes. Given the varied climatic and environmental niches of the more than 17,000 native plant species of the United States, supplying the desired seed types and species mixes for this wide range of activities is a challenge. As the first phase of a nationwide analysis of the full scope of needs for native plant seeds, this interim report describes the participants in the native plant seed supply chain, makes preliminary observations, and proposes an information-gathering plan for the second phase of the assessment.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309680182

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9780309680189

National Research Initiative

A Vital Competitive Grants Program in Food, Fiber, and Natural-Resources Research

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program

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National Research Initiative

A Vital Competitive Grants Program in Food, Fiber, and Natural-Resources Research

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on an Evaluation of the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program

Our nation faces daunting challenges to its food and fiber system and to the condition of our natural resources in the coming decades. Rapid increases in world population and the pressure on resources generated by increasing per capita consumption as a result of increasing per capita income challenge the very basis of our standard of livingâ€"our food, fiber, and natural-resource base. As the nation faces the challenges, new technologies and new information systems are changing the face of biologic research. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has traditionally been the nation's primary public research engine in food, fiber, and natural resources. The National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRI) is a small part of that USDA research effort, but it accounts for a substantial portion of the nation's merit-based peer-reviewed fundamental research efforts in food, fiber, and natural resources. In 1997, USDA asked the National Research Council Board on Agriculture (now the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources) to conduct an independent assessment of the NRI program. Specifically, USDA asked the Research Council to: perform a retrospective assessment of the quality and value of research funded by the program; determine whether the science and technology priorities in the major NRI programs are defined appropriately; assess how NRI activities complement other USDA programs, those of other federal agencies, and state programs in the private sector; and recommend the nature and content of changes for the future. This report summarizes the results of the committee's analysis. Chapter 2 summarizes the value of food, fiber, and natural resources-research to the United States, focusing on economic contributions and rates of return of food and fiber research. The committee's analysis of the quality, value, fairness, relevance, and responsiveness of the NRI competitive grants program is presented in chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents the committee's analysis of the role and scope of the NRI, including its scientific objectives, its value in training and education, and its complementarity with other research activities. The committee's analysis of NRI's priority-setting process and its research priorities is given in chapter 5. The committee's analysis of organizational and funding issues is given in chapter 6. Chapter 7 presents the committee's recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the NRI program. Additional supporting materials are found in appendixes A through I.

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211

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309183561

ISBN 13

9780309183567

Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology

By: Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development,Institute of Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Engineering,National Research Council

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Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology

The United States faces a new challenge--maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).

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108

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030951973X

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9780309519731

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Current Issues and Controversies

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Current Issues and Controversies

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

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115

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309458919

ISBN 13

9780309458917

Evaluating Federal Research Programs

Research and the Government Performance and Results Act

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

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Evaluating Federal Research Programs

Research and the Government Performance and Results Act

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), passed by Congress in 1993, requires that federal agencies write five-year strategic plans with annual performance goals and produce an annual report that demonstrates whether the goals have been met. The first performance reports are due in March 2000. Measuring the performance of basic research is particularly challenging because major breakthroughs can be unpredictable and difficult to assess in the short term. This book recommends that federal agencies use an "expert review" method to examine the quality of research they support, the relevance of that research to their mission, and whether the research is at the international forefront of scientific and technological knowledge. It also addresses the issues of matching evaluation measurements to the character of the research performed, improving coordination among agencies when research is in the same field, and including a human resource development component in GPRA strategic and performance plans.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309173272

ISBN 13

9780309173278

A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

A Collaborative Effort of the National Research Council and the American Association for the Advancement of Science

By: American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education

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A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

A Collaborative Effort of the National Research Council and the American Association for the Advancement of Science

The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks-that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent.

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189

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030914180X

ISBN 13

9780309141802

Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Education on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

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Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Education on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

The Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences workshop was held to engage the life sciences community on the particular security issues related to research with dual use potential. More than 60 participants from almost 30 countries took part and included practicing life scientists, bioethics and biosecurity practitioners, and experts in the design of educational programs. The workshop sought to identify a baseline about (1) the extent to which dual use issues are currently being included in postsecondary education (undergraduate and postgraduate) in the life sciences; (2) in what contexts that education is occurring (e.g., in formal coursework, informal settings, as stand-alone subjects or part of more general training, and in what fields); and (3) what online educational materials addressing research in the life sciences with dual use potential already exist.

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147

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030918620X

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9780309186209

Book's by Committee to Assess the Minerva Research Initiative and the Contribution of Social Science to Addressing Security Concerns

Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

Evaluation of the Minerva Research Initiative

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

An Assessment of the Need for Native Seeds and the Capacity for Their Supply

An Assessment of the Need for Native Seeds and the Capacity for Their Supply

National Research Initiative

National Research Initiative

Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology

Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Evaluating Federal Research Programs

Evaluating Federal Research Programs

A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

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