Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food's Books

Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food

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Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

Food safety regulators face a daunting task: crafting food safety performance standards and systems that continue in the tradition of using the best available science to protect the health of the American public, while working within an increasingly antiquated and fragmented regulatory framework. Current food safety standards have been set over a period of years and under diverse circumstances, based on a host of scientific, legal, and practical constraints. Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food lays the groundwork for creating new regulations that are consistent, reliable, and ensure the best protection for the health of American consumers. This book addresses the biggest concerns in food safetyâ€"including microbial disease surveillance plans, tools for establishing food safety criteria, and issues specific to meat, dairy, poultry, seafood, and produce. It provides a candid analysis of the problems with the current system, and outlines the major components of the task at hand: creating workable, streamlined food safety standards and practices.

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425

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030908928X

ISBN 13

9780309089289

Enhancing Food Safety

The Role of the Food and Drug Administration

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Review of the Food and Drug Administration's Role in Ensuring Safe Food

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Enhancing Food Safety

The Role of the Food and Drug Administration

Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world.

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589

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309163587

ISBN 13

9780309163583

The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on a Study of Food Safety and Other Consequences of Publishing Establishment-Specific Data

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The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is the regulatory agency in the US Department of Agriculture that is responsible for ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products produced domestically or imported into the United States are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. FSIS collects a voluminous amount of data in support of its regulatory functions, but the two major types of FSIS data that are currently being considered for public release are sampling and testing data (derived from standard laboratory tests) and inspection and enforcement data (derived from text written by inspectors). Some of those data are already released to the public in aggregated form but not in disaggregated, establishment-specific form. In recent years, the Obama administration has implemented measures to facilitate openness in government, including the requirement that federal agencies publish information online and provide public access to information in a timely manner; in a form that can be easily retrieved, downloaded, indexed, and searched with tools that are available on the Internet; and without the need for Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data examines the potential food-safety benefits and other consequences of making establishment-specific data publicly available on the Internet. The report includes how factors such as level of aggregation, timing of release, level of completeness, and characterization of the data or context in which the data are presented might affect their utility in improving food safety. The report also examines potential ways that food-safety benefits and other effects of publicly posting the data might be measured.

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114

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309224683

ISBN 13

9780309224680

Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

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Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

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425

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030908928X

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9780309089289

Seafood Choices

Balancing Benefits and Risks

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrient Relationships in Seafood: Selections to Balance Benefits and Risks

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Seafood Choices

Balancing Benefits and Risks

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrient Relationships in Seafood: Selections to Balance Benefits and Risks

The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. Seafood Choices carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations.

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736

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309133866

ISBN 13

9780309133869

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef

Review of a Draft Risk Assessment

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Review of the USDA E. coli O157:H7 Farm-to-Table Process Risk Assessment

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef

Review of a Draft Risk Assessment

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Review of the USDA E. coli O157:H7 Farm-to-Table Process Risk Assessment

USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is formulating risk assessments to identify important foodborne hazards; evaluate potential strategies to prevent, reduce, or eliminate those hazards; assess the effects of different mitigation strategies; and identify research needs. These risk assessments, in brief, empirically characterize the determinants of the presence or level of microbial contamination in vulnerable foodstuffs at various points leading up to consumption. One of the initial efforts in the undertaking is a risk assessment of the public health impact of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef. In addition to soliciting public input, FSIS asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee of experts to review the draft and offer recommendations and suggestions for consideration as the agency finalizes the document. This report presents the results of that review.

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172

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309086272

ISBN 13

9780309086271

An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on an Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

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An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

To ensure the safety of food distributed through the National School Lunch Program, food banks, and other federal food and nutrition programs, the United States Department of Agriculture has established food safety and quality requirements for the ground beef it purchases. This National Research Council book reviews the scientific basis of the Department's ground beef safety standards, evaluates how the standards compare to those used by large retail and commercial food service purchasers of ground beef, and looks at ways to establish periodic evaluations of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program. The book finds that although the safety requirements could be strengthened using scientific concepts, the prevention of future outbreaks of foodborne disease will depend on eliminating contamination during production and ensuring meat is properly cooked before it is served.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030917709X

ISBN 13

9780309177092

Clearing the Smoke

Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

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Clearing the Smoke

Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction

Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims.

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657

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309072824

ISBN 13

9780309072823

Water Reuse

Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach to Meeting Future Water Supply Needs

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Water Reuse

Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach to Meeting Future Water Supply Needs

Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.

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276

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National Academies Press

Published Date

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0309224624

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9780309224628

Book's by Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food

Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

Enhancing Food Safety

Enhancing Food Safety

The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data

The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data

Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food

Seafood Choices

Seafood Choices

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef

An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

Clearing the Smoke

Clearing the Smoke

Water Reuse

Water Reuse

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