Committee on the Review of the Scientific Accomplishments and Assessment of the Potential for Future Transformative Discoveries with U.S.-Supported Scientific Ocean Drilling's Books

Scientific Ocean Drilling

Accomplishments and Challenges

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Review of the Scientific Accomplishments and Assessment of the Potential for Future Transformative Discoveries with U.S.-Supported Scientific Ocean Drilling

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Through direct exploration of the subseafloor, U.S.-supported scientific ocean drilling programs have significantly contributed to a broad range of scientific accomplishments in Earth science disciplines, shaping understanding of Earth systems and enabling new fields of inquiry. Scientific Ocean Drilling: Accomplishments and Challenges reviews the scientific accomplishments of U.S.-supported scientific ocean drilling over the past four decades. The book evaluates how the programs (Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP], 1968-1983, Ocean Drilling Program [ODP], 1984-2003, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program [IODP], 2003-2013) have shaped understanding of Earth systems and Earth history and assessed the role of scientific ocean drilling in enabling new fields of inquiry. This book also assesses the potential for transformative discoveries for the next proposed phase of scientific ocean drilling, which is scheduled to run from 2013 to 2023. The programs' technological innovations have played a strong role in these accomplishments. The science plan for the proposed 2013-2023 program presents a strong case for the continuation of scientific ocean drilling. Each of the plan's four themes identifies compelling challenges with potential for transformative science that could only be addressed through scientific ocean drilling, although some challenges appear to have greater potential than others. Prioritizing science plan challenges and integrating multiple objectives into single expeditions would help use resources more effectively, while encouraging technological innovations would continue to increase the potential for groundbreaking science.

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158

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309219019

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9780309219013

Macondo Well Deepwater Horizon Blowout

Lessons for Improving Offshore Drilling Safety

By: National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Marine Board,Committee on the Analysis of Causes of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion, Fire, and Oil Spill to Identify Measures to Prevent Similar Accidents to the Future

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Macondo Well Deepwater Horizon Blowout

Lessons for Improving Offshore Drilling Safety

The blowout of the Macondo well on April 20, 2010, led to enormous consequences for the individuals involved in the drilling operations, and for their families. Eleven workers on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig lost their lives and 16 others were seriously injured. There were also enormous consequences for the companies involved in the drilling operations, to the Gulf of Mexico environment, and to the economy of the region and beyond. The flow continued for nearly 3 months before the well could be completely killed, during which time, nearly 5 million barrels of oil spilled into the gulf. Macondo Well-Deepwater Horizon Blowout examines the causes of the blowout and provides a series of recommendations, for both the oil and gas industry and government regulators, intended to reduce the likelihood and impact of any future losses of well control during offshore drilling. According to this report, companies involved in offshore drilling should take a "system safety" approach to anticipating and managing possible dangers at every level of operation-from ensuring the integrity of wells to designing blowout preventers that function under all foreseeable conditions-in order to reduce the risk of another accident as catastrophic as the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill. In addition, an enhanced regulatory approach should combine strong industry safety goals with mandatory oversight at critical points during drilling operations. Macondo Well-Deepwater Horizon Blowout discusses ultimate responsibility and accountability for well integrity and safety of offshore equipment, formal system safety education and training of personnel engaged in offshore drilling, and guidelines that should be established so that well designs incorporate protection against the various credible risks associated with the drilling and abandonment process. This book will be of interest to professionals in the oil and gas industry, government decision makers, environmental advocacy groups, and others who seek an understanding of the processes involved in order to ensure safety in undertakings of this nature.

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213

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309221412

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9780309221412

Scientific Ocean Drilling

Accomplishments and Challenges

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Scientific Ocean Drilling

Accomplishments and Challenges

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158

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National Academies Press

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0309219019

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9780309219013

Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science

Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in Basic Ocean Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science

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Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science

Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in Basic Ocean Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science

Deep-diving manned submersibles, such as Alvin, which gained worldwide fame when researchers used it to reach the wreck of the Titanic, have helped advance deep-ocean science. But many scholars in this field have noted that the number and capabilities of today's underwater vehicles no longer meet current scientific demands. At the same time, the relative value of manned and unmanned vehicles is often disputed. The report finds that new submersibles-both manned and unmanned-that are more capable than those in the current fleet are needed and would be of great value to the advancement of ocean research.

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159

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309091144

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9780309091145

Review of EarthScope Integrated Science

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Review of EarthScope Science Objectives and Implementation Planning

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Review of EarthScope Integrated Science

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Review of EarthScope Science Objectives and Implementation Planning

EarthScope is a major science initiative in the solid-earth sciences and has been described as "a new earth science initiative that will dramatically advance our physical understanding of the North American continent by exploring its three-dimensional structure through time". The initiative proposes to cover the United States with an array of instruments created to reveal how the continent was put together, how the continent is moving now, and what lies beneath the continent. The initiative is made of four components, three of which are funded by the Major Research Equipment program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and one of which is mostly associated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In response to a request by the NSF, the National Research Council (NRC) established a committee to review the science objectives and implementation planning of the three NSF components, United States Seismic Array (USArray), the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The committee was charged with answered four specific questions: Is the scientific rationale for EarthScope sound, and are the scientific questions to be addressed of significant importance? Is there any additional component that should be added to the EarthScope initiative to ensure that it will achieve its objective of a vastly increased understanding of the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the continental crust of North America? Are the implementation and management plans for the three elements of EarthScope reviewed here appropriate to achieve their objectives? Have the appropriate partnerships required to maximize the scientific outcomes from EarthScope been identified in the planning documents? Review of EarthScope Integrated Science presents the committee's findings and recommendations. To reach its conclusions the committee reviewed extensive written material and listened to presentations by members of the EarthScope Working Group and other interested scientists. The recommendations encompass science questions, management, education and outreach, and partnerships. Overall the committee was impressed by the EarthScope initiative.

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National Academies Press

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0309076447

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9780309076449

Exploration of the Seas

Interim Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Exploration of the Seas

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Exploration of the Seas

Interim Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Exploration of the Seas

Seventy percent of our blue planet is covered by oceans. Although progress has been made in understanding the role of oceans in climate change, locating energy reserves, revealing new life forms, and describing the flow of carbon through these systems, it may be time to catapult our understanding to new levels by undertaking an interdisciplinary, international, global ocean exploration program. The interim report outlines the committee's vision for a future international global ocean exploration program; this vision will be fully described, together with detailed recommendations for technological needs and capabilities, funding levels, and management structures to ensure a productive and successful ocean exploration program.

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0309086310

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9780309086318

Review of the Restructured Research and Analysis Programs of NASA's Planetary Science Division

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Review of NASA's Planetary Science Division's Restructured Research and Analysis Program

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Review of the Restructured Research and Analysis Programs of NASA's Planetary Science Division

The Research and Analysis (R&A) program managed by NASA's Planetary Science Division (PSD), supports a broad range of planetary science activities, including the analysis of data from past and current spacecraft; laboratory research; theoretical, modeling, and computational studies; geological and astrobiological fieldwork in planetary analog environments on Earth; geological mapping of planetary bodies; analysis of data from Earth- and space-based telescopes; and development of flight instruments and technology needed for future planetary science missions. The primary role of the PSD R&A program is to address NASA's strategic objective for planetary science and PSD's science goals. Recently, PSD reorganized the R&A program to provide better alignment with the strategic goals for planetary sciences. The major changes in the R&A program involved consolidating a number of prior program elements, many of which were organized by subdiscipline, into a smaller number of thematic core research program elements. Despite numerous efforts by PSD to communicate the rationale for the reorganization and articulate clearly the new processes, there has been significant resistance from the planetary science community and concerns in some sectors regarding the major realignment of funding priorities. Review of NASA's Planetary Science Division's Restructured Research and Analysis Programs examines the new R&A program and determines if it appropriately aligns with the agency's strategic goals, supports existing flight programs, and enables future missions. This report explores whether any specific research areas or subdisciplinary groups that are critical to NASA's strategic objectives for planetary science and PSD's science goals are not supported appropriately in the current program or have been inadvertently disenfranchised through the reorganization.

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0309458730

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9780309458733

Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Value and Sustainability of Biological Field Stations, Marine Laboratories, and Nature Reserves in the 21st Century Science, Education, and Public Outreach

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Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century

For over a century, field stations have been important entryways for scientists to study and make important discoveries about the natural world. They are centers of research, conservation, education, and public outreach, often embedded in natural environments that range from remote to densely populated urban locations. Because they lack traditional university departmental boundaries, researchers at field stations have the opportunity to converge their science disciplines in ways that can change careers and entire fields of inquiry. Field stations provide physical space for immersive research, hands-on learning, and new collaborations that are otherwise hard to achieve in the everyday bustle of research and teaching lives on campus. But the separation from university campuses that allows creativity to flourish also creates challenges. Sometimes, field stations are viewed as remote outposts and are overlooked because they tend to be away from population centers and their home institutions. This view is exacerbated by the lack of empirical evidence that can be used to demonstrate their value to science and society. Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century summarizes field stations' value to science, education, and outreach and evaluates their contributions to research, innovation, and education. This report suggests strategies to meet future research, education, outreach, infrastructure, funding, and logistical needs of field stations. Today's technologies - such as streaming data, remote sensing, robot-driven monitoring, automated DNA sequencing, and nanoparticle environmental sensors - provide means for field stations to retain their special connection to nature and still interact with the rest of the world in ways that can fuel breakthroughs in the environmental, physical, natural, and social sciences. The intellectual and natural capital of today's field stations present a solid platform, but many need enhancements of infrastructure and dynamic leadership if they are to meet the challenges of the complex problems facing the world. This report focuses on the capability of field stations to address societal needs today and in the future.

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167

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0309305373

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9780309305372

New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation

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New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation

The 2001 National Research Council (NRC) report Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science (BROES) described how basic research in the Earth sciences serves five national imperatives: (1) discovery, use, and conservation of natural resources; (2) characterization and mitigation of natural hazards; (3) geotechnical support of commercial and infrastructure development; (4) stewardship of the environment; and (5) terrestrial surveillance for global security and national defense. This perspective is even more pressing today, and will persist into the future, with ever-growing emphasis. Today's world-with headlines dominated by issues involving fossil fuel and water resources, earthquake and tsunami disasters claiming hundreds of thousands of lives and causing hundreds of billions of dollars in damages, profound environmental changes associated with the evolving climate system, and nuclear weapons proliferation and testing-has many urgent societal issues that need to be informed by sound understanding of the Earth sciences. A national strategy to sustain basic research and training of expertise across the full spectrum of the Earth sciences is motivated by these national imperatives. New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences identifies new and emerging research opportunities in the Earth sciences over the next decade, including surface and deep Earth processes and interdisciplinary research with fields such as ocean and atmospheric sciences, biology, engineering, computer science, and social and behavioral sciences. The report also identifies key instrumentation and facilities needed to support these new and emerging research opportunities. The report describes opportunities for increased cooperation in these new and emerging areas between EAR and other government agency programs, industry, and international programs, and suggests new ways that EAR can help train the next generation of Earth scientists, support young investigators, and increase the participation of underrepresented groups in the field.

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132

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0309219248

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9780309219242

Book's by Committee on the Review of the Scientific Accomplishments and Assessment of the Potential for Future Transformative Discoveries with U.S.-Supported Scientific Ocean Drilling

Scientific Ocean Drilling

Scientific Ocean Drilling

Macondo Well Deepwater Horizon Blowout

Macondo Well Deepwater Horizon Blowout

Scientific Ocean Drilling

Scientific Ocean Drilling

Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science

Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science

Review of EarthScope Integrated Science

Review of EarthScope Integrated Science

Exploration of the Seas

Exploration of the Seas

Review of the Restructured Research and Analysis Programs of NASA's Planetary Science Division

Review of the Restructured Research and Analysis Programs of NASA's Planetary Science Division

Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century

Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century

New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

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