Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience's Books

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

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Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

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316

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309317150

ISBN 13

9780309317153

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

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Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

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316

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309317150

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9780309317153

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products

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Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products

Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.

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341

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309316278

ISBN 13

9780309316279

Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Assessment of Agent-Based Models to Inform Tobacco Product Regulation

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Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Assessment of Agent-Based Models to Inform Tobacco Product Regulation

Tobacco consumption continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products - specifically cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco - to protect public health and reduce tobacco use in the United States. Given the strong social component inherent to tobacco use onset, cessation, and relapse, and given the heterogeneity of those social interactions, agent-based models have the potential to be an essential tool in assessing the effects of policies to control tobacco. Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation describes the complex tobacco environment; discusses the usefulness of agent-based models to inform tobacco policy and regulation; presents an evaluation framework for policy-relevant agent-based models; examines the role and type of data needed to develop agent-based models for tobacco regulation; provides an assessment of the agent-based model developed for FDA; and offers strategies for using agent-based models to inform decision making in the future.

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269

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309317258

ISBN 13

9780309317252

Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings

An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Committee on Marking, Rendering Inert, and Licensing of Explosive Materials

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Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings

An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors

In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine possible mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat: addition of detection markers to explosives for pre-blast detection, addition of identification taggants to explosives for post-blast identification of bombers, possible means to render common explosive materials inert, and placing controls on explosives and their precursors. The book makes several recommendations to reduce the number of criminal bombings in this country.

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383

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309061261

ISBN 13

9780309061261

Alcohol

First Report of Session 2009-10. Oral and written evidence

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Health Committee

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Alcohol

First Report of Session 2009-10. Oral and written evidence

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Health Committee

Incorporating HC 368-i to vii, session 2008-09. An earlier volume of written evidence to this inquiry published as HC 368-II, session 2008-09 (ISBN 9780215529756)

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314

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The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215553934

ISBN 13

9780215553935

Drugs

Breaking the Cycle, Ninth Report of Session 2012-13, Vol. 2: Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Home Affairs Committee

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Drugs

Breaking the Cycle, Ninth Report of Session 2012-13, Vol. 2: Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Home Affairs Committee

Additional written evidence is contained in Volume 3, available on the Committee website at www.parliament.uk/homeaffairscom

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224

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The Stationery Office

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ISBN 10

0215050959

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9780215050953

Book's by Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings

Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings

Alcohol

Alcohol

Drugs

Drugs

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