Committee on the Health Effects of Indoor Allergens's Books

Indoor Allergens

Assessing and Controlling Adverse Health Effects

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Health Effects of Indoor Allergens

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Indoor Allergens

Assessing and Controlling Adverse Health Effects

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Health Effects of Indoor Allergens

More than 50 million Americans, one out of five, suffer from hay fever, asthma, and other allergic diseases. Many of these conditions are caused by exposure to allergens in indoor environments such as the house, work, and schoolâ€"where we spend as much as 98 percent of our time. Developed by medical, public health, and engineering professionals working together, this unique volume summarizes what is known about indoor allergens, how they affect human health, the magnitude of their effect on various populations, and how they can be controlled. The book addresses controversies, recommends research directions, and suggests how to assist and educate allergy patients, as well as professionals. Indoor Allergens presents a wealth of information about common indoor allergens and their varying effects, from significant hay fever to life-threatening asthma. The volume discusses sources of allergens, from fungi and dust mites to allergenic chemicals, plants, and animals, and examines practical measures for their control. Indoor Allergens discusses how the human airway and immune system respond to inhaled allergens and assesses patient testing methods, covering the importance of the patient's medical history and outlining procedures and approaches to interpretation for skin tests, in vitro diagnostic tests, and tests of patients' pulmonary function. This comprehensive and practical volume will be important to allergists and other health care providers; public health professionals; specialists in building design, construction, and maintenance; faculty and students in public health; and interested allergy patients.

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321

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048311

ISBN 13

9780309048316

Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

By: Committee on Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

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Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

By: Committee on Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public.

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368

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309133394

ISBN 13

9780309133395

Clearing the Air

Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Assessment of Asthma and Indoor Air

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Clearing the Air

Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on the Assessment of Asthma and Indoor Air

Since about 1980, asthma prevalence and asthma-related hospitalizations and deaths have increased substantially, especially among children. Of particular concern is the high mortality rate among African Americans with asthma. Recent studies have suggested that indoor exposuresâ€"to dust mites, cockroaches, mold, pet dander, tobacco smoke, and other biological and chemical pollutantsâ€"may influence the disease course of asthma. To ensure an appropriate response, public health and education officials have sought a science-based assessment of asthma and its relationship to indoor air exposures. Clearing the Air meets this need. This book examines how indoor pollutants contribute to asthmaâ€"its causation, prevalence, triggering, and severity. The committee discusses asthma among the general population and in sensitive subpopulations including children, low-income individuals, and urban residents. Based on the most current findings, the book also evaluates the scientific basis for mitigating the effects of indoor air pollutants implicated in asthma. The committee identifies priorities for public health policy, public education outreach, preventive intervention, and further research.

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Page Count

457

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064961

ISBN 13

9780309064965

Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Effect of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality and Public Health

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Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Effect of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality and Public Health

The indoor environment affects occupants' health and comfort. Poor environmental conditions and indoor contaminants are estimated to cost the U.S. economy tens of billions of dollars a year in exacerbation of illnesses like asthma, allergic symptoms, and subsequent lost productivity. Climate change has the potential to affect the indoor environment because conditions inside buildings are influenced by conditions outside them. Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health addresses the impacts that climate change may have on the indoor environment and the resulting health effects. It finds that steps taken to mitigate climate change may cause or exacerbate harmful indoor environmental conditions. The book discusses the role the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should take in informing the public, health professionals, and those in the building industry about potential risks and what can be done to address them. The study also recommends that building codes account for climate change projections; that federal agencies join to develop or refine protocols and testing standards for evaluating emissions from materials, furnishings, and appliances used in buildings; and that building weatherization efforts include consideration of health effects. Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health is written primarily for the EPA and other federal agencies, organizations, and researchers with interests in public health; the environment; building design, construction, and operation; and climate issues.

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286

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309209412

ISBN 13

9780309209410

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

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Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program. This report reviews the four major areas of the program: advanced life support (ALS), environmental monitoring and control (EMC), extravehicular activities (EVA), and space human factors (SHF). The focus of this program is on long-term technology development applicable to future human long-duration space missions, such as for a hypothetical new mission to the Moon or Mars.

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Page Count

150

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309174546

ISBN 13

9780309174541

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

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Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA.

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Page Count

370

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309223989

ISBN 13

9780309223980

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Volume 3

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Volume 3

U.S. Navy personnel who work on submarines are in an enclosed and isolated environment for days or weeks at a time when at sea. Unlike a typical work environment, they are potentially exposed to air contaminants 24 hours a day. To protect workers from potential adverse health effects due to those conditions, the U.S. Navy has established exposure guidance levels for a number of contaminants. The Navy asked a subcommittee of the National Research Council (NRC) to review, and develop when necessary, exposure guidance levels for specific contaminants. This volume, the third in a series, recommends 1-hour and 24-hour emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and 90-day continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) for acetaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, and propylene glycol dinitrate.

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Page Count

190

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309143799

ISBN 13

9780309143790

Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants

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Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.

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Page Count

159

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030945252X

ISBN 13

9780309452526

Environmental Medicine

Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine

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Environmental Medicine

Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine

People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.

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Page Count

988

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309051401

ISBN 13

9780309051408

Nursing, Health, and the Environment

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice

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Nursing, Health, and the Environment

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice

America's nurses, an estimated 2 million strong, are often at the frontlines in confronting environmental health hazards. Yet most nurses have not received adequate training to manage these hazards. Nursing, Health, and the Environment explores the effects that environmental hazards (including those in the workplace) have on the health of patients and communities and proposes specific strategies for preparing nurses to address them. The committee documents the magnitude of environmental hazards and discusses the importance of the relationship between nursing, health, and the environment from three broad perspectives: Practiceâ€"The authors address environmental health issues in the nursing process, potential controversies over nurses taking a more activist stance on environmental health issues, and more. Educationâ€"The volume presents the status of environmental health content in nursing curricula and credentialing, and specific strategies for incorporating more environmental health into nursing preparation. Researchâ€"The book includes a survey of the available knowledge base and options for expanding nursing research as it relates to environmental health hazards.

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303

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030905298X

ISBN 13

9780309052986

Toward Environmental Justice

Research, Education, and Health Policy Needs

By: Institute of Medicine,Health Sciences Section,Health Sciences Policy Program,Committee on Environmental Justice

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Toward Environmental Justice

Research, Education, and Health Policy Needs

By: Institute of Medicine,Health Sciences Section,Health Sciences Policy Program,Committee on Environmental Justice

Driven by community-based organizations and supported by a growing body of literature, the environmental justice movement contends that poor and minority populations are burdened with more than their share of toxic waste, pesticide runoff, and other hazardous byproducts of our modern economic life. Is environmental degradation worse in poor and minority communities? Do these communities suffer more adverse health effects as a result? The committee addresses these questions and explores how current fragmentation in health policy could be replaced with greater coordination among federal, state, and local parties. The book is highlighted with case studies from five locations where the committee traveled to hear citizen and researcher testimony. It offers detailed examinations in these areas: Identifying environmental hazards and assessing risk for populations of varying ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds, and the need for methodologies that uniquely suit the populations at risk. Identifying basic, clinical, and occupational research needs and meeting challenges to research on minorities. Expanding environmental education from an ecological focus to a public health focus for all levels of health professionals. Legal and ethical aspects of environmental health issues. The book makes recommendations to decision-makers in the areas of public health, research, and education of health professionals and outlines health policy considerations.

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Page Count

152

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064074

ISBN 13

9780309064071

Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors

A Priority Assessment

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors

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Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors

A Priority Assessment

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors

Women's health and men's health differ in a variety of waysâ€"women live longer on average, for example, but tend to be sicker as well. Whereas some of these distinctions are based solely on gender, there is growing awareness that the environment and related factors may play a role in creating health status differences between men and women. Various factors, such as genetics and hormones, may account for gender differences in susceptibility to environmental factors. In 1996 the Office for Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health asked the Institute of Medicine to conduct a workshop study to review some of the current federal research programs devoted to women's health and to clarify the state of knowledge regarding gender-related differences in susceptibility. This book contains a general outline of research needs, a summary of the workshop proceedings (as well as summaries of the speakers' presentations), and an analysis of the participating federal agencies' research portfolios.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064236

ISBN 13

9780309064231

Indoor Allergens

Assessing and Controlling Adverse Health Effects

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Health Effects of Indoor Allergens

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Indoor Allergens

Assessing and Controlling Adverse Health Effects

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Health Effects of Indoor Allergens

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Page Count

321

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309372941

ISBN 13

9780309372947

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

A Research Agenda for Indoor Microbiology, Human Health, and Buildings

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Microbiomes of the Built Environment: From Research to Application

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Microbiomes of the Built Environment

A Research Agenda for Indoor Microbiology, Human Health, and Buildings

People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes that are shed, along with the human behaviors that affect their transport and removal, make significant contributions to the diversity of the indoor microbiome. The characteristics of "healthy" indoor environments cannot yet be defined, nor do microbial, clinical, and building researchers yet understand how to modify features of indoor environmentsâ€"such as building ventilation systems and the chemistry of building materialsâ€"in ways that would have predictable impacts on microbial communities to promote health and prevent disease. The factors that affect the environments within buildings, the ways in which building characteristics influence the composition and function of indoor microbial communities, and the ways in which these microbial communities relate to human health and well-being are extraordinarily complex and can be explored only as a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem by engaging the fields of microbial biology and ecology, chemistry, building science, and human physiology. This report reviews what is known about the intersection of these disciplines, and how new tools may facilitate advances in understanding the ecosystem of built environments, indoor microbiomes, and effects on human health and well-being. It offers a research agenda to generate the information needed so that stakeholders with an interest in understanding the impacts of built environments will be able to make more informed decisions.

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Page Count

318

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309449804

ISBN 13

9780309449809

Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes

Scientific and Ethical Issues

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science, Technology, and Law Program,Committee on the Use of Third Party Toxicity Research with Human Research Participants

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Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes

Scientific and Ethical Issues

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science, Technology, and Law Program,Committee on the Use of Third Party Toxicity Research with Human Research Participants

The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.

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Page Count

226

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309166411

ISBN 13

9780309166416

Book's by Committee on the Health Effects of Indoor Allergens

Indoor Allergens

Indoor Allergens

Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

Clearing the Air

Clearing the Air

Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health

Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA

Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA

Environmental Medicine

Environmental Medicine

Nursing, Health, and the Environment

Nursing, Health, and the Environment

Toward Environmental Justice

Toward Environmental Justice

Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors

Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors

Indoor Allergens

Indoor Allergens

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes

Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes

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