Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus's Books

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus

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Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus

In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.

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126

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309173191

ISBN 13

9780309173193

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

By: Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus,Institute of Medicine

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Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

By: Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus,Institute of Medicine

In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: -- Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. -- What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. -- What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.

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126

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030959698X

ISBN 13

9780309596985

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus

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Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309064414

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9780309064415

Live Variola Virus

Considerations for Continuing Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

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Live Variola Virus

Considerations for Continuing Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

Smallpox was a devastating disease that decimated human populations for centuries, and its eradication in 1980 was a monumental achievement for the global health community. Since then the remaining known strains of its causative agent, variola virus, have been contained in two World Health Organization (WHO)-approved repositories. In 1999, the World Health Assembly (WHA) debated the issue of destroying these remaining strains. Arguments were presented on the need to retain the live virus for use in additional important research, and the decision to destroy the virus was deferred until this research could be completed. In that same year, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a consensus committee to explore scientific needs for the live virus. In the ten years since the first IOM report, the scientific, political, and regulatory environments have changed. In this new climate, the IOM was once again tasked to consider scientific needs for live variola virus. The committee evaluated the scientific need for live variola virus in four areas: development of therapeutics, development of vaccines, genomic analysis, and discovery research.

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170

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309136903

ISBN 13

9780309136907

Live Variola Virus

Considerations for Continuing Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

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Live Variola Virus

Considerations for Continuing Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

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170

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309136903

ISBN 13

9780309136907

The Smallpox Vaccination Program

Public Health in an Age of Terrorism

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation

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The Smallpox Vaccination Program

Public Health in an Age of Terrorism

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation

December 13, 2002, the president of the United States announced that smallpox vaccination would be offered to some categories of civilians and administered to members of the military and government representatives in high-risk areas of the world. The events that precipitated that historic announcement included a series of terrorist attacks during the 1990s, which culminated in the catastrophic events of 2001. Although preparedness for deliberate attacks with biologic weapons was already the subject of much public health planning, meetings, and publications as the twentieth century neared its end, the events of 2001 led to a steep rise in bioterrorism-related government policies and funding, and in state and local preparedness activities, for example, in public health, health care, and the emergency response and public safety communities. The national smallpox vaccination program is but one of many efforts to improve readiness to respond to deliberate releases of biologic agents. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation was convened in October 2002 at the request of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the federal agency charged with implementing the government's policy of providing smallpox vaccine first to public health and health care workers on response teams, then to all interested health care workers and other first responders, and finally to members of the general public who might insist on receiving the vaccine. The committee was charged with providing "advice to the CDC and the program investigators on selected aspects of the smallpox program implementation and evaluation." The committee met six times over 19 months and wrote a series of brief "letter" reports. The Smallpox Vaccination Program: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism constitutes the committee's seventh and final report, and the committee hopes that it will fulfill three purposes: 1) To serve as an archival document that brings together the six reports addressed to Julie Gerberding, director of CDC, and previously released on line and as short, unbound papers; 2) To serve as a historical document that summarizes milestones in the smallpox vaccination program, and ; 3) To comment on the achievement of overall goals of the smallpox vaccination program (in accordance with the last item in the charge), including lessons learned from the program.

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393

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309095921

ISBN 13

9780309095921

Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders

Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries

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Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders

Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries

Brain disordersâ€"neurological, psychiatric, and developmentalâ€"now affect at least 250 million people in the developing world, and this number is expected to rise as life expectancy increases. Yet public and private health systems in developing countries have paid relatively little attention to brain disorders. The negative attitudes, prejudice, and stigma that often surround many of these disorders have contributed to this neglect. Lacking proper diagnosis and treatment, millions of individual lives are lost to disability and death. Such conditions exact both personal and economic costs on families, communities, and nations. The report describes the causes and risk factors associated with brain disorders. It focuses on six representative brain disorders that are prevalent in developing countries: developmental disabilities, epilepsy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and stroke. The report makes detailed recommendations of ways to reduce the toll exacted by these six disorders. In broader strokes, the report also proposes six major strategies toward reducing the overall burden of brain disorders in the developing world.

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Page Count

459

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309071925

ISBN 13

9780309071925

Book's by Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus

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Live Variola Virus

Live Variola Virus

Live Variola Virus

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The Smallpox Vaccination Program

The Smallpox Vaccination Program

Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders

Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders

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