Committee on the Applications of Ecological Theory to Environmental Problems's Books

Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Problem-Solving

Concepts and Case Studies

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Applications of Ecological Theory to Environmental Problems

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Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Problem-Solving

Concepts and Case Studies

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Applications of Ecological Theory to Environmental Problems

This volume explores how the scientific tools of ecology can be used more effectively in dealing with a variety of complex environmental problems. Part I discusses the usefulness of such ecological knowledge as population dynamics and interactions, community ecology, life histories, and the impact of various materials and energy sources on the environment. Part II contains 13 original and instructive case studies pertaining to the biological side of environmental problems, which Nature described as "carefully chosen and extremely interesting.

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401

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309036453

ISBN 13

9780309036450

Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems

Science, Technology, and Public Policy

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy

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Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems

Science, Technology, and Public Policy

Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.

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575

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092884

ISBN 13

9780309092883

Wolves, Bears, and Their Prey in Alaska

Biological and Social Challenges in Wildlife Management

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Management of Wolf and Bear Populations in Alaska

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Wolves, Bears, and Their Prey in Alaska

Biological and Social Challenges in Wildlife Management

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Management of Wolf and Bear Populations in Alaska

This book assesses Alaskan wolf and bear management programs from scientific and economic perspectives. Relevant factors that should be taken into account when evaluating the utility of such programs are identified. The assessment includes a review of current scientific knowledge about the dynamics and management of large mammalian predator-prey relationships and human harvest of wildlife in northern ecosystems, and an evaluation of the extent to which existing research and management data allow prediction of the outcome of wolf management or control programs and grizzly bear management programs. Included is an evaluation of available economic studies and methodologies for estimating the costs and benefits of predator control programs in Alaska.

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224

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064058

ISBN 13

9780309064057

Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management

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Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management

People are demanding more of the goods, services, and amenities provided by the forests of the Pacific Northwest, but the finiteness of the supply has become clear. This issue involves complex questions of biology, economics, social values, community life, and federal intervention. Forests of the Pacific Northwest explains that economic and aesthetic benefits can be sustained through new approaches to management, proposes general goals for forest management, and discusses strategies for achieving them. Recommendations address restoration of damaged areas, management for multiple uses, dispute resolution, and federal authority. The volume explores the market role of Pacific Northwest wood products and looks at the implications if other regions should be expected to make up for reduced timber harvests. The book also reviews the health of the forested ecosystems of the region, evaluating the effects of past forest use patterns and management practices. It discusses the biological importance, social significance, and management of old-growth as well as late-succession forests. This volume will be of interest to public officials, policymakers, the forest products industry, environmental advocates, researchers, and concerned residents.

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280

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309053285

ISBN 13

9780309053280

An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon-252 Oil Spill on Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of Mexico

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An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico

As the Gulf of Mexico recovers from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, natural resource managers face the challenge of understanding the impacts of the spill and setting priorities for restoration work. The full value of losses resulting from the spill cannot be captured, however, without consideration of changes in ecosystem services-the benefits delivered to society through natural processes. An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico discusses the benefits and challenges associated with using an ecosystem services approach to damage assessment, describing potential impacts of response technologies, exploring the role of resilience, and offering suggestions for areas of future research. This report illustrates how this approach might be applied to coastal wetlands, fisheries, marine mammals, and the deep sea-each of which provide key ecosystem services in the Gulf-and identifies substantial differences among these case studies. The report also discusses the suite of technologies used in the spill response, including burning, skimming, and chemical dispersants, and their possible long-term impacts on ecosystem services.

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247

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309288452

ISBN 13

9780309288453

Global Environmental Change

Research Pathways for the Next Decade

By: National Research Council,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development,Committee on Global Change Research

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Global Environmental Change

Research Pathways for the Next Decade

By: National Research Council,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development,Committee on Global Change Research

How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research effortsâ€"supported by computer and satellite technologyâ€"have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses toâ€"and forcing ofâ€"projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.

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Page Count

622

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064201

ISBN 13

9780309064200

Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change

Research Pathways for the Next Decade

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Policy Division,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change and Committee on Global Change Research

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Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change

Research Pathways for the Next Decade

This publication is extracted from a much larger report, Global Environmental Change: Research Pathways for the Next Decade, which addresses the full range of the scientific issues concerning global environmental change and offers guidance to the scientific effort on these issues in the United States. This volume consists of Chapter 7 of that report, "Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change," which was written for the report by the Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change of the National Research Council (NRC). It provides findings and conclusions on the key scientific questions in human dimensions research, the lessons that have been learned over the past decade, and the research imperatives for global change research funded from the United States.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309065925

ISBN 13

9780309065924

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future

By: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

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Cities and Their Vital Systems

Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future

By: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.

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1298

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309037867

ISBN 13

9780309037860

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

A Research Agenda for Indoor Microbiology, Human Health, and Buildings

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Microbiomes of the Built Environment: From Research to Application

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Microbiomes of the Built Environment

A Research Agenda for Indoor Microbiology, Human Health, and Buildings

People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes that are shed, along with the human behaviors that affect their transport and removal, make significant contributions to the diversity of the indoor microbiome. The characteristics of "healthy" indoor environments cannot yet be defined, nor do microbial, clinical, and building researchers yet understand how to modify features of indoor environmentsâ€"such as building ventilation systems and the chemistry of building materialsâ€"in ways that would have predictable impacts on microbial communities to promote health and prevent disease. The factors that affect the environments within buildings, the ways in which building characteristics influence the composition and function of indoor microbial communities, and the ways in which these microbial communities relate to human health and well-being are extraordinarily complex and can be explored only as a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem by engaging the fields of microbial biology and ecology, chemistry, building science, and human physiology. This report reviews what is known about the intersection of these disciplines, and how new tools may facilitate advances in understanding the ecosystem of built environments, indoor microbiomes, and effects on human health and well-being. It offers a research agenda to generate the information needed so that stakeholders with an interest in understanding the impacts of built environments will be able to make more informed decisions.

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Page Count

318

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309449839

ISBN 13

9780309449830

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology

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Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.

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300

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309178894

ISBN 13

9780309178891

Hidden Costs of Energy

Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption

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Hidden Costs of Energy

Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use

Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.

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506

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309146402

ISBN 13

9780309146401

Confronting the Nation's Water Problems

The Role of Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Assessment of Water Resources Research

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Confronting the Nation's Water Problems

The Role of Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Assessment of Water Resources Research

In order to confront the increasingly severe water problems faced by all parts of the country, the United States needs to make a new commitment to research on water resources. A new mechanism is needed to coordinate water research currently fragmented among nearly 20 federal agencies. Given the competition for water among farmers, communities, aquatic ecosystems and other users-as well as emerging challenges such as climate change and the threat of waterborne diseases-Confronting the Nation's Water Problems concludes that an additional $70 million in federal funding should go annually to water research. Funding should go specifically to the areas of water demand and use, water supply augmentation, and other institutional research topics. The book notes that overall federal funding for water research has been stagnant in real terms for the past 30 years and that the portion dedicated to research on water use and social science topics has declined considerably.

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324

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030916589X

ISBN 13

9780309165891

Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

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Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

This report surveys opportunities for future Army applications in biotechnology, including sensors, electronics and computers, materials, logistics, and medical therapeutics, by matching commercial trends and developments with enduring Army requirements. Several biotechnology areas are identified as important for the Army to exploit, either by direct funding of research or by indirect influence of commercial sources, to achieve significant gains in combat effectiveness before 2025.

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118

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309170737

ISBN 13

9780309170734

Decision Making for the Environment

Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making

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Decision Making for the Environment

Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities

With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.

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297

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309095409

ISBN 13

9780309095402

Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee to Assess the Scientific Basis of the Total Maximum Daily Load Approach to Water Pollution Reduction

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Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management

Over the last 30 years, water quality management in the United States has been driven by the control of point sources of pollution and the use of effluent-based water quality standards. Under this paradigm, the quality of the nation's lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater, and coastal waters has generally improved as wastewater treatment plants and industrial dischargers (point sources) have responded to regulations promulgated under authority of the 1972 Clean Water Act. These regulations have required dischargers to comply with effluent-based standards for criteria pollutants, as specified in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the states and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although successful, the NPDES program has not achieved the nation's water quality goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters largely because discharges from other unregulated nonpoint sources of pollution have not been as successfully controlled. Today, pollutants such as nutrients and sediment, which are often associated with nonpoint sources and were not considered criteria pollutants in the Clean Water Act, are jeopardizing water quality, as are habitat destruction, changes in flow regimes, and introduction of exotic species. This array of challenges has shifted the focus of water quality management from effluent-based to ambient- based water quality standards. Given the most recent lists of impaired waters submitted to EPA, there are about 21,000 polluted river segments, lakes, and estuaries making up over 300,000 river and shore miles and 5 million lake acres. The number of TMDLs required for these impaired waters is greater than 40,000. Under the 1992 EPA guidance or the terms of lawsuit settlements, most states are required to meet an 8- to 13-year deadline for completion of TMDLs. Budget requirements for the program are staggering as well, with most states claiming that they do not have the personnel and financial resources necessary to assess the condition of their waters, to list waters on 303d, and to develop TMDLs. A March 2000 report of the General Accounting Office (GAO) highlighted the pervasive lack of data at the state level available to set water quality standards, to determine what waters are impaired, and to develop TMDLs. This report represents the consensus opinion of the eight-member NRC committee assembled to complete this task. The committee met three times during a three-month period and heard the testimony of over 40 interested organizations and stakeholder groups. The NRC committee feels that the data and science have progressed sufficiently over the past 35 years to support the nation's return to ambient-based water quality management. Given reasonable expectations for data availability and the inevitable limits on our conceptual understanding of complex systems, statements about the science behind water quality management must be made with acknowledgment of uncertainties. This report explains that there are creative ways to accommodate this uncertainty while moving forward in addressing the nation's water quality challenges.

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Page Count

242

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309075793

ISBN 13

9780309075794

Book's by Committee on the Applications of Ecological Theory to Environmental Problems

Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Problem-Solving

Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Problem-Solving

Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems

Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems

Wolves, Bears, and Their Prey in Alaska

Wolves, Bears, and Their Prey in Alaska

Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management

Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management

An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico

An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Global Environmental Change

Global Environmental Change

Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change

Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Hidden Costs of Energy

Hidden Costs of Energy

Confronting the Nation's Water Problems

Confronting the Nation's Water Problems

Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

Decision Making for the Environment

Decision Making for the Environment

Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management

Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management

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