Committee on an Assessment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Radiation Studies from DOE Contractor Sites: Subcommittee to Review the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Final Results and Report's Books

Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

By: National Academy of Sciences,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee on an Assessment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Radiation Studies from DOE Contractor Sites: Subcommittee to Review the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Final Results and Report

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Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

In 1986, officials of the US Department of Energy revealed that the Hanford Atomic Products Operations in Richland, Washington, had been releasing radioactive material, in particular iodine-131, into the environment over a period of years. This information, which confirmed the suspicions of some people in the Pacific Northwest about what they called the Hanford Reservation or just Hanford, created quite a stir. Both the US Congress and citizens of the Northwest became keenly interested in knowing whether these radiation releases had caused human health effects. They were particularly concerned about whether Hanford releases of iodine-131 had led to an increase in thyroid disease among the population of the area. In 1988, Congress ordered a study of the human health effects of exposure to the iodine-131 released from Hanford. Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the study was carried out by the Seattle-based Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center over the last decade. The study examined estimate of exposure of the thyroid and rates of thyroid disease because iodine-131 concentrates in the thyroid and that organ would be the best indicator of radiation damage in the population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asked the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) to give an independent appraisal of the study methodology, results, and interpretation and of the communication of the study results to the public. Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report constitutes the response of the NRC subcommittee to that request. To respond to the charge, the NRC subcommittee felt that it needed to go beyond the specific questions addressed to it by CDC and develop a broad understanding and critique of the HTDS and the Draft Final Report. As part of those activities, the subcommittee solicited comments from outside experts and members of the public primarily in a public meeting held in Spokane, Washington, in June 1999, where 14 scientists and members of the public made formal presentations to the subcommittee about various aspects of the Draft Final Report. Other members of the public also spoke during four open-comment sessions at the meeting. In addition, efforts were made to evaluate all information materials prepared for the public and additional CDC communication plans. Information was gathered through interviews with journalists, members of concerned citizen groups in the Hanford region, members of the CDC scientific and media staff in Atlanta, and the HTDS investigators. In this summary, the main points follow the structure of our report and are presented under several headings: epidemiologic and clinical methods and data collection, dosimetry, statistical analyses, statistical power and interpretation of the study, and communication of the study results to the public. We then provide a brief synopsis of our response to the questions raised by CDC.

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272

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309068835

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9780309068833

Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

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Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

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National Academies Press

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0309068835

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9780309068833

A Review of the Draft Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to Revise the 1985 Radioepidemiological Tables

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A Review of the Draft Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to Revise the 1985 Radioepidemiological Tables

The National Research Council was asked by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to review the draft report of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-CDC's working group charged with revising the 1985 radioepidemiological tables. To this end, a subcommittee was formed consisting of members of the Council's Committee on an Assessment of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Radiation Programs and other experts. The original tables were mandated under Public Law 97-414 (the "Orphan Drug Act") and were intended to provide a means of estimating the probability that a person who developed any of a series of radiation-related cancers, developed the cancer as a result of a specific radiation dose received before the onset of the cancer. The mandate included a provision for periodic updating of the tables. The motivation for the current revision reflects the availability of new data, especially on cancer incidence, and new methods of analysis, and the need for a more thorough treatment of uncertainty in the estimates than was attempted in the original tables.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309072506

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9780309072502

Review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee to Review the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services

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Review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services

Ever since the United States began producing and testing nuclear weapons during World War II, the effects of ionizing radiation on human health and the environment have been a serious public concern. The Worker and Public Health Activities Program was established more than 20 years ago to study the consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation and other hazardous materials from Department of Energy operations to workers and members of the surrounding communities. In 2005, the National Academies convened an expert committee to conduct a review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program, which is operated by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) at Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities under a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with DOE. Review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services concludes that the program has used sound research methods and generally has enhanced public understanding of the risks involved. However, the report recommends that more two-way communication between the agencies and workers and members of the public is needed. The report also explores the ways in which the agencies involved could develop a more coordinated, effective, and thorough evaluation of the public health concerns involved in cleanup and remediation activities at Department of Energy sites.

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296

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030910338X

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9780309103381

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Review the CDC-NCI Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences from Nuclear Weapons Tests

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Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations

This report is a review of the draft feasibility study that was issued at the request of Congress by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Over 500 atmospheric nuclear-weapons tests were conducted at various sites around the world during 1945-1980. As public awareness and concern mounted over the possible health hazards associated with exposure to the fallout from weapons testing, a feasibility study was initiated by CDC and NCI to assess the extent of the hazard. The CDC-NCI study claims that the fallout might have led to approximately 11,000 excess deaths, most caused by thyroid cancer linked to exposure to iodine-131. The committee noted that CDC and NCI used the best available data to estimate exposure and health hazards. The committee does not recommend an expanded study of exposure to radionuclides other than 131I since radiation doses from those radionuclides were much lower than those from 131I. It also recommended that CDC urge Congress to prohibit the destruction of all remaining records relevant to fallout.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309168465

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9780309168465

Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses

By: Committee on an Assessment of CDC Radiation Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses

By: Committee on an Assessment of CDC Radiation Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

Growing public concern about releases of radiation into the environment has focused attention on the measurement of exposure of people living near nuclear weapons production facilities or in areas affected by accidental releases of radiation. Radiation-Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses responds to the need for criteria for dose reconstruction studies, particularly if the doses are to be useful in epidemiology. This book provides specific and practical recommendations for whether, when, and how studies should be conducted, with an emphasis on public participation. Based on the expertise of scientists involved in dozens of dose reconstruction projects, this volume Provides an overview of the basic requirements and technical aspects of dose reconstruction. Presents lessons to be learned from dose reconstructions after Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and elsewhere. Explores the potential benefits and limitations of biological markers. Discusses how to establish the "source term"--that is, to determine what was released. Explores methods for identifying the environmental pathways by which radiation reaches the body. Offers details on three major categories of dose assessment.

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151

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309587131

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9780309587136

Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities

Phase 1

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I

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Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities

Phase 1

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I

In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

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424

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National Academies Press

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0309255716

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9780309255714

Book's by Committee on an Assessment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Radiation Studies from DOE Contractor Sites: Subcommittee to Review the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Final Results and Report

Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report

A Review of the Draft Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to Revise the 1985 Radioepidemiological Tables

A Review of the Draft Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to Revise the 1985 Radioepidemiological Tables

Review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services

Review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests

Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses

Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses

Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities

Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities

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