Committee on Water Resources Management, Instream Flows, and Salmon Survival in the Columbia River Basin's Books

Managing the Columbia River

Instream Flows, Water Withdrawals, and Salmon Survival

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Water Resources Management, Instream Flows, and Salmon Survival in the Columbia River Basin

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Managing the Columbia River

Instream Flows, Water Withdrawals, and Salmon Survival

Flows of the Columbia River, although modified substantially during the twentieth century, still vary considerably between seasons and between years. Lowest flows tend to occur during summer months when demand for irrigation water is at its highest and when water temperatures are greatest. These periods of low flows, high demand, and high temperature are critical periods for juvenile salmon migrating downstream through the Columbia River hydropower system. Although impacts on salmon of any individual water withdrawal may be small, the cumulative effects of numerous withdrawals will affect Columbia River flows and would pose increased risks to salmon survival. The body of scientific knowledge explaining salmon migratory behavior and physiology is substantial, but imperfect, and decision makers should acknowledge this and be willing to take action in the face of uncertainties. In order to provide a more comprehensive water permitting process, the State of Washington, Canada, other basin states, and tribal groups should establish a basin-wide forum to consider future water withdrawal application permits. If the State of Washington issues additional permits for water withdrawals from the Columbia River, those permits should contain provisions that allow withdrawals to be curtailed during critical high-demand periods.

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Page Count

260

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309166268

ISBN 13

9780309166263

Managing the Columbia River

Instream Flows, Water Withdrawals, and Salmon Survival

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Managing the Columbia River

Instream Flows, Water Withdrawals, and Salmon Survival

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261

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091551

ISBN 13

9780309091558

Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River Basin

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River

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Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River Basin

The Klamath River basin, which spans parts of southern Oregon and northern California, has been the focus of a prominent conflict over competing uses for water. Management actions to protect threatened and endangered fish species in the basin have left less water available for irrigation in dry years and heightened tensions among farmers and other stakeholders including commercial fishermen, Native Americans, conservationists, hunters, anglers, and hydropower producers. This National Research Council book assesses two recent studies that evaluate various aspects of flows in the Klamath basin: (1) the Instream Flow Phase II study (IFS), conducted by Utah State University, and (2) the Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath Basin study (NFS), conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). The book concludes that both studies offer important new information but do not provide enough information for detailed management of flows in the Klamath River, and it offers many suggestions for improving the studies. The report recommends that a comprehensive analysis of the many individual studies of the Klamath river basin be conducted so that a big picture perspective of the entire basin and research and management needs can emerge.

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Page Count

273

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030911506X

ISBN 13

9780309115063

Colorado River Basin Water Management

Evaluating and Adjusting to Hydroclimatic Variability

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Scientific Bases of Colorado River Basin Water Management

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Colorado River Basin Water Management

Evaluating and Adjusting to Hydroclimatic Variability

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Scientific Bases of Colorado River Basin Water Management

Recent studies of past climate and streamflow conditions have broadened understanding of long-term water availability in the Colorado River, revealing many periods when streamflow was lower than at any time in the past 100 years of recorded flows. That information, along with two important trends-a rapid increase in urban populations in the West and significant climate warming in the region-will require that water managers prepare for possible reductions in water supplies that cannot be fully averted through traditional means. Colorado River Basin Water Management assesses existing scientific information, including temperature and streamflow records, tree-ring based reconstructions, and climate model projections, and how it relates to Colorado River water supplies and demands, water management, and drought preparedness. The book concludes that successful adjustments to new conditions will entail strong and sustained cooperation among the seven Colorado River basin states and recommends conducting a comprehensive basinwide study of urban water practices that can be used to help improve planning for future droughts and water shortages.

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222

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309179017

ISBN 13

9780309179010

Mississippi River Water Quality and the Clean Water Act

Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Mississippi River and the Clean Water Act

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Mississippi River Water Quality and the Clean Water Act

Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on the Mississippi River and the Clean Water Act

The Mississippi River is, in many ways, the nation's best known and most important river system. Mississippi River water quality is of paramount importance for sustaining the many uses of the river including drinking water, recreational and commercial activities, and support for the river's ecosystems and the environmental goods and services they provide. The Clean Water Act, passed by Congress in 1972, is the cornerstone of surface water quality protection in the United States, employing regulatory and nonregulatory measures designed to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways. The Clean Water Act has reduced much pollution in the Mississippi River from "point sources" such as industries and water treatment plants, but problems stemming from urban runoff, agriculture, and other "non-point sources" have proven more difficult to address. This book concludes that too little coordination among the 10 states along the river has left the Mississippi River an "orphan" from a water quality monitoring and assessment perspective. Stronger leadership from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is needed to address these problems. Specifically, the EPA should establish a water quality data-sharing system for the length of the river, and work with the states to establish and achieve water quality standards. The Mississippi River corridor states also should be more proactive and cooperative in their water quality programs. For this effort, the EPA and the Mississippi River states should draw upon the lengthy experience of federal-interstate cooperation in managing water quality in the Chesapeake Bay.

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252

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309177812

ISBN 13

9780309177818

Valuing Ecosystem Services

Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Assessing and Valuing the Services of Aquatic and Related Terrestrial Ecosystems

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Valuing Ecosystem Services

Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Assessing and Valuing the Services of Aquatic and Related Terrestrial Ecosystems

Nutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem servicesâ€"even intangible onesâ€"and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts.

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291

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030909318X

ISBN 13

9780309093187

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Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids

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Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids

The importance of salmon to the Pacific Northwestâ€"economic, recreational, symbolicâ€"is enormous. Generations ago, salmon were abundant from central California through Idaho, Oregon, and Washington to British Columbia and Alaska. Now they have disappeared from about 40 percent of their historical range. The decline in salmon numbers has been lamented for at least 100 years, but the issue has become more widespread and acute recently. The Endangered Species Act has been invoked, federal laws have been passed, and lawsuits have been filed. More than $1 billion has been spent to improve salmon runsâ€"and still the populations decline. In this new volume a committee with diverse expertise explores the complications and conflicts surrounding the salmon problemâ€"starting with available data on the status of salmon populations and an illustrative case study from Washington state's Willapa Bay. The book offers specific recommendations for salmon rehabilitation that take into account the key role played by genetic variability in salmon survival and the urgent need for habitat protection and management of fishing. The committee presents a comprehensive discussion of the salmon problem, with a wealth of informative graphs and charts and the right amount of historical perspective to clarify today's issues, including: Salmon biology and geographyâ€"their life's journey from fresh waters to the sea and back again to spawn, and their interaction with ecosystems along the way. The impacts of human activitiesâ€"grazing, damming, timber, agriculture, and population and economic growth. Included is a case study of Washington state's Elwha River dam removal project. Values, attitudes, and the conflicting desires for short-term economic gain and long-term environmental health. The committee traces the roots of the salmon problem to the extractive philosophy characterizing management of land and water in the West. The impact of hatcheries, which were introduced to build fish stocks but which have actually harmed the genetic variability that wild stocks need to survive. This book offers something for everyone with an interest in the salmon issueâ€"policymakers and regulators in the United States and Canada; environmental scientists; environmental advocates; natural resource managers; commercial, tribal, and recreational fishers; and concerned residents of the Pacific Northwest.

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Page Count

473

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309053250

ISBN 13

9780309053259

Book's by Committee on Water Resources Management, Instream Flows, and Salmon Survival in the Columbia River Basin

Managing the Columbia River

Managing the Columbia River

Managing the Columbia River

Managing the Columbia River

Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River Basin

Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River Basin

Colorado River Basin Water Management

Colorado River Basin Water Management

Mississippi River Water Quality and the Clean Water Act

Mississippi River Water Quality and the Clean Water Act

Valuing Ecosystem Services

Valuing Ecosystem Services

Upstream

Upstream

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