Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance's Books

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

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Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) is responsible for cleaning up radioactive waste and environmental contamination resulting from five decades of nuclear weapons production and testing. A major focus of this program involves the retrieval, processing, and immobilization of waste into stable, solid waste forms for disposal. Waste Forms Technology and Performance, a report requested by DOE-EM, examines requirements for waste form technology and performance in the cleanup program. The report provides information to DOE-EM to support improvements in methods for processing waste and selecting and fabricating waste forms. Waste Forms Technology and Performance places particular emphasis on processing technologies for high-level radioactive waste, DOE's most expensive and arguably most difficult cleanup challenge. The report's key messages are presented in ten findings and one recommendation.

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Page Count

308

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309187338

ISBN 13

9780309187336

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

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Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

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308

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309224977

ISBN 13

9780309224970

Review of the Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review #2

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Supplemental Treatment of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

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Review of the Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review #2

In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumâ€"approximately two-thirds of the nation's stockpile. Production processes generated radioactive and other hazardous wastes and resulted in airborne, surface, subsurface, and groundwater contamination. Presently, 177 underground tanks contain collectively about 210 million liters (about 56 million gallons) of waste. The chemically complex and diverse waste is difficult to manage and dispose of safely. Section 3134 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 calls for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) to conduct an analysis of approaches for treating the portion of low-activity waste (LAW) at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation intended for supplemental treatment. The second of four, this report reviews the results of the assessments, including the formulation and presentation of conclusions and the characterization and treatment of uncertainties.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309483514

ISBN 13

9780309483513

Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Planning Committee on Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition: A Workshop

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Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition

Proceedings of a Workshop

The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE) is responsible for the safe cleanup of sites used for nuclear weapons development and government-sponsored nuclear energy research. Low-level radioactive waste (LLW) is the most volumetrically significant waste stream generated by the DOE cleanup program. LLW is also generated through commercial activities such as nuclear power plant operations and medical treatments. The laws and regulations related to the disposal of LLW in the United States have evolved over time and across agencies and states, resulting in a complex regulatory structure. DOE asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to organize a workshop to discuss approaches for the management and disposition of LLW. Participants explored the key physical, chemical, and radiological characteristics of low-level waste that govern its safe and secure management and disposal in aggregate and in individual waste streams, and how key characteristics of low level waste are incorporated into standards, orders, and regulations that govern the management and disposal of LLW in the United States and in other major waste-producing countries. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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163

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309456819

ISBN 13

9780309456814

Review of the Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review #1

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Review of the Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review #1

In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumâ€"approximately two-thirds of the nation's stockpile. Production processes generated radioactive and other hazardous wastes and resulted in airborne, surface, subsurface, and groundwater contamination. Presently, 177 underground tanks contain collectively about 210 million liters (about 56 million gallons) of waste. The chemically complex and diverse waste is difficult to manage and dispose of safely. Section 3134 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 calls for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) to conduct an analysis of approaches for treating the portion of low-activity waste (LAW) at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation intended for supplemental treatment. The first of four, this report reviews the analysis carried out by the FFRDC. It evaluates the technical quality and completeness of the methods used to conduct the risk, cost benefit, schedule, and regulatory compliance assessments and their implementations; waste conditioning and supplemental treatment approaches considered in the assessments; and other key information and data used in the assessments.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309475155

ISBN 13

9780309475150

Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

1995 Review

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Environmental Management Technologies

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Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

1995 Review

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Environmental Management Technologies

This book provides the National Academy of Sciences' 1995 review of the technology development program for the remediation of the Department of Energy's weapons complex facilities. It makes scientific, technical, and programmatic recommendations to strengthen technology development within DOE and ensure that it meet its goals of cost effectiveness, safety, and decreased risk. The recommendations address DOE's five focus areas: landfill stabilization; contaminant plume containment and remediation; facility transitioning, decommissioning, and final disposition; mixed waste characterization treatment; and high-level waste in tanks. The book also addresses technologies in areas that cross cut the above focus area programs, namely characterization monitoring and sensor technologies, efficient separations and processing, robotics, and waste disposal.

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145

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309175631

ISBN 13

9780309175630

Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review #4

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Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review #4

The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management is responsible for managing and cleaning up the waste and contamination at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, the nation's biggest and most complex nuclear cleanup challenge. At the site, 177 underground tanks collectively contain about 211 million liters of waste that includes high-activity and low-activity materials. At the request of Congress, Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation: Review #4 focuses on approaches for treatment and disposal of the supplemental portion of the low-activity waste from the tanks. This review report discusses developments since the publication of Review #3 and provides a summary of public comments on the third committee review report. The authoring committee then shares their views on these comments and whether they change any of the findings or recommendations in the third review report.

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131

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309672910

ISBN 13

9780309672917

Alternative High-Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) High-Level Waste Alternative Treatments

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Alternative High-Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

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200

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030906628X

ISBN 13

9780309066280

Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment

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Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment

Final Report

The Committee on Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment was formed in September 1994 in response to a request made to the National Research Council (NRC) by the U.S. Department of Energy DOE. DOE requested an evaluation of electrometallurgical processing technology proposed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for the treatment of DOE spent nuclear fuel. Electrometallurgical treatment of spent reactor fuel involves a set of operations designed to remove the remaining uranium metal and to incorporate the radioactive nuclides into well defined and reproducible waste streams. Over the course of the committee's operating life, this charge has remained constant. Within the framework of this overall charge, the scope of the committee's workâ€"as defined by its statement of taskâ€"has evolved in response to further requests from DOE, as well as technical accomplishments and regulatory and legal considerations. As part of its task, the committee has provided periodic assessments of ANL's R&D program on the electrometallurgical technology. Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment assesses the viability of electrometallurgical technology for treating DOE spent nuclear fuel and monitors the scientific and technical progress of the ANL program on electrometallurgical technology, specifically within the context of ANL's demonstration project on electrometallurgical treatment of EBR-II SNF. This report evaluates ANL's performance relative to the success criteria for the demonstration project, which have served as the basis for judging the efficacy of using electrometallurgical technology for the treatment of EBR-II spent nuclear fuel. It also addresses post-demonstration activities related to ANL's electrometallurgical demonstration project, and makes related recommendations in this area.

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128

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309070953

ISBN 13

9780309070959

Nuclear Wastes

Technologies for Separations and Transmutation

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation Systems

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Nuclear Wastes

Technologies for Separations and Transmutation

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation Systems

Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.

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590

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309176484

ISBN 13

9780309176484

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Management of Certain Radioactive Waste Streams Stored in Tanks at Three Department of Energy Sites

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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

DOE Tank Waste: How clean is clean enough? The U.S. Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy's (DOE's) plans for cleaning up defense-related radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at three sites: the Hanford Site in Washington State, the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and the Idaho National Laboratory. DOE plans to remove the waste from the tanks, separate out high-level radioactive waste to be shipped to an off-site geological repository, and dispose of the remaining lower-activity waste onsite. The report concludes that DOE's overall plan is workable, but some important challenges must be overcomeâ€"including the removal of residual waste from some tanks, especially at Hanford and Savannah River. The report recommends that DOE pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from tanks and how much to dispose of onsite. The report offers several other detailed recommendations to improve the technical soundness of DOE's tank cleanup plans.

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Page Count

214

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309101700

ISBN 13

9780309101707

Book's by Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Review of the Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review of the Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition

Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition

Review of the Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Review of the Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Alternative High-Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

Alternative High-Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment

Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment

Nuclear Wastes

Nuclear Wastes

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

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