Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex's Books

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex

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An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

A major issue in the cleanup of this country's nuclear weapons complex is how to dispose of the radioactive waste resulting primarily from the chemical processing operations for the recovery of plutonium and other defense strategic nuclear materials. The wastes are stored in hundreds of large underground tanks at four U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. The tanks contain hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste. Most of it is high-level waste (HLW), some of it is transuranic (TRU) or low- level waste (LLW), and essentially all containing significant amounts of chemicals deemed hazardous. Of the 278 tanks involved, about 70 are known or assumed to have leaked some of their contents to the environment. The remediation of the tanks and their contents requires the development of new technologies to enable cleanup and minimize costs while meeting various health, safety, and environmental objectives. While DOE has a process based on stakeholder participation for screening and formulating technology needs, it lacks transparency (in terms of being apparent to all concerned decision makers and other interested parties) and a systematic basis (in terms of identifying end states for the contaminants and developing pathways to these states from the present conditions). An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites. The authoring committee believes that the recommended end state based approach can be applied to DOE waste management in general, not just to waste in tanks. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the tanks at the DOE Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state, the location of some 60 percent by volume of the tank waste residues.

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105

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309184312

ISBN 13

9780309184311

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

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Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Waste Forms Technology and Performance

The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) is responsible for cleaning up radioactive waste and environmental contamination resulting from five decades of nuclear weapons production and testing. A major focus of this program involves the retrieval, processing, and immobilization of waste into stable, solid waste forms for disposal. Waste Forms Technology and Performance, a report requested by DOE-EM, examines requirements for waste form technology and performance in the cleanup program. The report provides information to DOE-EM to support improvements in methods for processing waste and selecting and fabricating waste forms. Waste Forms Technology and Performance places particular emphasis on processing technologies for high-level radioactive waste, DOE's most expensive and arguably most difficult cleanup challenge. The report's key messages are presented in ten findings and one recommendation.

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308

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309187338

ISBN 13

9780309187336

Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on the Review of the Hanford Site's Environmental Remediation Science and Technology Plan

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Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford

The Hanford Site was established by the federal government in 1943 as part of the secret wartime effort to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. The site operated for about four decades and produced roughly two thirds of the 100 metric tons of plutonium in the U.S. inventory. Millions of cubic meters of radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes, the by-product of plutonium production, were stored in tanks and ancillary facilities at the site or disposed or discharged to the subsurface, the atmosphere, or the Columbia River. In the late 1980s, the primary mission of the Hanford Site changed from plutonium production to environmental restoration. The federal government, through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), began to invest human and financial resources to stabilize and, where possible, remediate the legacy of environmental contamination created by the defense mission. During the past few years, this financial investment has exceeded $1 billion annually. DOE, which is responsible for cleanup of the entire weapons complex, estimates that the cleanup program at Hanford will last until at least 2046 and will cost U.S. taxpayers on the order of $85 billion. Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford provides background information on the Hanford Site and its Integration Project,discusses the System Assessment Capability, an Integration Project-developed risk assessment tool to estimate quantitative effects of contaminant releases, and reviews the technical elements of the scierovides programmatic-level recommendations.

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Page Count

192

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309075963

ISBN 13

9780309075961

Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

1995 Review

By: Committee on Environmental Management Technologies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

1995 Review

By: Committee on Environmental Management Technologies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

This book provides the National Academy of Sciences' 1995 review of the technology development program for the remediation of the Department of Energy's weapons complex facilities. It makes scientific, technical, and programmatic recommendations to strengthen technology development within DOE and ensure that it meet its goals of cost effectiveness, safety, and decreased risk. The recommendations address DOE's five focus areas: landfill stabilization; contaminant plume containment and remediation; facility transitioning, decommissioning, and final disposition; mixed waste characterization treatment; and high-level waste in tanks. The book also addresses technologies in areas that cross cut the above focus area programs, namely characterization monitoring and sensor technologies, efficient separations and processing, robotics, and waste disposal.

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146

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309589088

ISBN 13

9780309589086

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Management of Certain Radioactive Waste Streams Stored in Tanks at Three Department of Energy Sites

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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

DOE Tank Waste: How clean is clean enough? The U.S. Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy's (DOE's) plans for cleaning up defense-related radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at three sites: the Hanford Site in Washington State, the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and the Idaho National Laboratory. DOE plans to remove the waste from the tanks, separate out high-level radioactive waste to be shipped to an off-site geological repository, and dispose of the remaining lower-activity waste onsite. The report concludes that DOE's overall plan is workable, but some important challenges must be overcomeâ€"including the removal of residual waste from some tanks, especially at Hanford and Savannah River. The report recommends that DOE pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from tanks and how much to dispose of onsite. The report offers several other detailed recommendations to improve the technical soundness of DOE's tank cleanup plans.

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Page Count

214

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309180147

ISBN 13

9780309180146

Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap

Gaps and Bridges

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap

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Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap

Gaps and Bridges

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap

Beginning with the Manhattan Project and continuing through the Cold War, the United States government constructed and operated a massive industrial complex to produce and test nuclear weapons and related technologies. When the Cold War ended, most of this complex was shut down permanently or placed on standby, and the United States government began a costly, long-term effort to clean up the materials, wastes, and environmental contamination resulting from its nuclear materials production. In 1989, Congress created the Office of Environmental Management (EM) within the Department of Energy (DOE) to manage this cleanup effort. Although EM has already made substantial progress, the scope of EM's future cleanup work is enormous. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges provides advice to support the development of a cleanup technology roadmap for EM. The book identifies existing technology gaps and their priorities, strategic opportunities to leverage needed research and development programs with other organizations, needed core capabilities, and infrastructure at national laboratories and EM sites that should be maintained, all of which are necessary to accomplish EM's mission.

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284

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309132312

ISBN 13

9780309132312

Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site

By: Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site

By: Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

The primary purpose of systems engineering is to organize information and knowledge to assist those who manage, direct, and control the planning, development, production, and operation of the systems necessary to accomplish a given mission. However, this purpose can be compromised or defeated if information production and organization becomes an end unto itself. Systems engineering was developed to help resolve the engineering problems that are encountered when attempting to develop and implement large and complex engineering projects. It depends upon integrated program planning and development, disciplined and consistent allocation and control of design and development requirements and functions, and systems analysis. The key thesis of this report is that proper application of systems analysis and systems engineering will improve the management of tank wastes at the Hanford Site significantly, thereby leading to reduced life cycle costs for remediation and more effective risk reduction. The committee recognizes that evidence for cost savings from application of systems engineering has not been demonstrated yet.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309522811

ISBN 13

9780309522816

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

By: Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

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Solve jigsaw puzzle

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Page Count

105

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309592259

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9780309592253

Book's by Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Waste Forms Technology and Performance

Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford

Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford

Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

Environmental Management Technology-Development Program at the Department of Energy

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap

Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap

Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site

Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

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