Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake's Books

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake

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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake

Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.

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506

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309148057

ISBN 13

9780309148054

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake

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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake

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506

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309148057

ISBN 13

9780309148054

Sodium Intake in Populations

Assessment of Evidence

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations

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Sodium Intake in Populations

Assessment of Evidence

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations

Despite efforts over the past several decades to reduce sodium intake in the United States, adults still consume an average of 3,400 mg of sodium every day. A number of scientific bodies and professional health organizations, including the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association, support reducing dietary sodium intake. These organizations support a common goal to reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams and further reduce intake to 1,500 mg among persons who are 51 years of age and older and those of any age who are African-American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. A substantial body of evidence supports these efforts to reduce sodium intake. This evidence links excessive dietary sodium to high blood pressure, a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and cardiac-related mortality. However, concerns have been raised that a low sodium intake may adversely affect certain risk factors, including blood lipids and insulin resistance, and thus potentially increase risk of heart disease and stroke. In fact, several recent reports have challenged sodium reduction in the population as a strategy to reduce this risk. Sodium Intake in Populations recognizes the limitations of the available evidence, and explains that there is no consistent evidence to support an association between sodium intake and either a beneficial or adverse effect on most direct health outcomes other than some CVD outcomes (including stroke and CVD mortality) and all-cause mortality. Some evidence suggested that decreasing sodium intake could possibly reduce the risk of gastric cancer. However, the evidence was too limited to conclude the converse-that higher sodium intake could possibly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Interpreting these findings was particularly challenging because most studies were conducted outside the United States in populations consuming much higher levels of sodium than those consumed in this country. Sodium Intake in Populations is a summary of the findings and conclusions on evidence for associations between sodium intake and risk of CVD-related events and mortality.

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225

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309282985

ISBN 13

9780309282987

A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension in the U.S. Population

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A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension in the U.S. Population

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines. The book is an important resource for federal public health officials and organizations, especially the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as medical professionals and community health workers.

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236

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030914809X

ISBN 13

9780309148092

Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications.

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595

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309488346

ISBN 13

9780309488341

School Meals

Building Blocks for Healthy Children

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition Standards for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs

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School Meals

Building Blocks for Healthy Children

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition Standards for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs

Ensuring that the food provided to children in schools is consistent with current dietary recommendations is an important national focus. Various laws and regulations govern the operation of school meal programs. In 1995, Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements were put in place to ensure that all meals offered would be high in nutritional quality. School Meals reviews and provides recommendations to update the nutrition standard and the meal requirements for the National School Breakfast and Lunch Programs. The recommendations reflect new developments in nutrition science, increase the availability of key food groups in the school meal programs, and allow these programs to better meet the nutritional needs of children, foster healthy eating habits, and safeguard children's health. School Meals sets standards for menu planning that focus on food groups, calories, saturated fat, and sodium and that incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes. This book will be used as a guide for school food authorities, food producers, policy leaders, state/local governments, and parents.

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Page Count

356

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309144361

ISBN 13

9780309144360

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.

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639

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091586

ISBN 13

9780309091589

Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Development of Guiding Principles for the Inclusion of Chronic Disease Endpoints in Future Dietary Reference Intakes

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Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease

Since 1938 and 1941, nutrient intake recommendations have been issued to the public in Canada and the United States, respectively. Currently defined as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), these values are a set of standards established by consensus committees under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups. In 2015, a multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and U.S. government DRI steering committees convened to identify key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish DRI values. Their report, Options for Basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on Chronic Disease: Report from a Joint US-/Canadian-Sponsored Working Group, outlined and proposed ways to address conceptual and methodological challenges related to the work of future DRI Committees. This report assesses the options presented in the previous report and determines guiding principles for including chronic disease endpoints for food substances that will be used by future National Academies committees in establishing DRIs.

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335

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309462592

ISBN 13

9780309462594

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on National Statistics,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Examination of the Adequacy of Food Resources and SNAP Allotments

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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on National Statistics,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Examination of the Adequacy of Food Resources and SNAP Allotments

For many Americans who live at or below the poverty threshold, access to healthy foods at a reasonable price is a challenge that often places a strain on already limited resources and may compel them to make food choices that are contrary to current nutritional guidance. To help alleviate this problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a number of nutrition assistance programs designed to improve access to healthy foods for low-income individuals and households. The largest of these programs is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called the Food Stamp Program, which today serves more than 46 million Americans with a program cost in excess of $75 billion annually. The goals of SNAP include raising the level of nutrition among low-income households and maintaining adequate levels of nutrition by increasing the food purchasing power of low-income families. In response to questions about whether there are different ways to define the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a study to examine the feasibility of defining the adequacy of SNAP allotments, specifically: the feasibility of establishing an objective, evidence-based, science-driven definition of the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, as well as other relevant dimensions of adequacy; and data and analyses needed to support an evidence-based assessment of the adequacy of SNAP allotments. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy reviews the current evidence, including the peer-reviewed published literature and peer-reviewed government reports. Although not given equal weight with peer-reviewed publications, some non-peer-reviewed publications from nongovernmental organizations and stakeholder groups also were considered because they provided additional insight into the behavioral aspects of participation in nutrition assistance programs. In addition to its evidence review, the committee held a data gathering workshop that tapped a range of expertise relevant to its task.

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235

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309263476

ISBN 13

9780309263474

Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts

A Plan for Measuring Progress

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Evaluating Progress of Obesity Prevention Effort

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Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts

A Plan for Measuring Progress

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Evaluating Progress of Obesity Prevention Effort

Obesity poses one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century, creating serious health, economic, and social consequences for individuals and society. Despite acceleration in efforts to characterize, comprehend, and act on this problem, including implementation of preventive interventions, further understanding is needed on the progress and effectiveness of these interventions. Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts develops a concise and actionable plan for measuring the nation's progress in obesity prevention efforts-specifically, the success of policy and environmental strategies recommended in the 2012 IOM report Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation. This book offers a framework that will provide guidance for systematic and routine planning, implementation, and evaluation of the advancement of obesity prevention efforts. This framework is for specific use with the goals and strategies from the 2012 report and can be used to assess the progress made in every community and throughout the country, with the ultimate goal of reducing the obesity epidemic. It offers potentially valuable guidance in improving the quality and effect of the actions being implemented. The recommendations of Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts focus on efforts to increase the likelihood that actions taken to prevent obesity will be evaluated, that their progress in accelerating the prevention of obesity will be monitored, and that the most promising practices will be widely disseminated.

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Page Count

463

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309285275

ISBN 13

9780309285278

Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols

Phase I Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols

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Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols

Phase I Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols

The federal government requires that most packaged foods carry a standardized label-the Nutrition Facts panel-that provides nutrition information intended to help consumers make healthful choices. In recent years, manufacturers have begun to include additional nutrition messages on their food packages. These messages are commonly referred to as 'front-of-package' (FOP) labeling. As FOP labeling has multiplied, it has become easy for consumers to be confused about critical nutrition information. In considering how FOP labeling should be used as a nutrition education tool in the future, Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to undertake a two-phase study with the IOM on FOP nutrition rating systems and nutrition-related symbols. The Food and Drug Administration is also a sponsor. In Phase 1 of its study, the IOM reviewed current systems and examined the strength and limitations of the nutrition criteria that underlie them. The IOM concludes that it would be useful for FOP labeling to display calorie information and serving sizes in familiar household measures. In addition, as FOP systems may have the greatest benefit if the nutrients displayed are limited to those most closely related to prominent health conditions, FOP labeling should provide information on saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium.

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Page Count

140

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309158273

ISBN 13

9780309158275

Sodium Intake in Populations

Assessment of Evidence

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations

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Sodium Intake in Populations

Assessment of Evidence

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations

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225

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309282950

ISBN 13

9780309282956

A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on a National Surveillance System for Cardiovascular and Select Chronic Diseases

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A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on a National Surveillance System for Cardiovascular and Select Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.

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Page Count

200

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309212197

ISBN 13

9780309212199

The Government's Public Health White Paper (Cm 6374)

Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee

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The Government's Public Health White Paper (Cm 6374)

Written Evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee

White Paper Cm. 6374 (ISBN 010163742X) was published 16th November 2004.

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Page Count

310

Publisher

The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215025067

ISBN 13

9780215025067

Book's by Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

Sodium Intake in Populations

Sodium Intake in Populations

A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension

A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension

Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium

School Meals

School Meals

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease

Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts

Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts

Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols

Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols

Sodium Intake in Populations

Sodium Intake in Populations

A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases

A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases

The Government's Public Health White Paper (Cm 6374)

The Government's Public Health White Paper (Cm 6374)

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