An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated with spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation problems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding beliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself have been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the neurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the challenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains extremely complex. Spinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the goal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While many of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific needs articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board, the Institute of Medicine's panel of experts looked very broadly at research priorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations to strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure. Funders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical and device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this book to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities.
An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated with spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation problems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding beliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself have been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the neurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the challenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains extremely complex. Spinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the goal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While many of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific needs articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board, the Institute of Medicine's panel of experts looked very broadly at research priorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations to strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure. Funders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical and device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this book to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities.
This report finds that the UK has an excellent research base but is still failing to maximise its potential by translating research into wealth and health. The road to economic recovery will depend, in part, on exploitation of the UK's research base, which in turn requires efficient translation to generate returns on investments. Some areas of bioengineering, such as stem cells, have clearly benefited from strong Government leadership and support, backed up by generous levels of funding from both the public and private sectors. Others, such as genetically modified (GM) crops, are less well supported and funded. This is curious when GM crops are considered by the Government to be safe and offer potential benefits. GM crops are certainly the poor cousin in the bioengineering family, and we strongly urge the Government to signal its support for GM crops as well as improving the regulatory situation in Europe. Regulation of bioengineering is complex and researchers have found that regulations inhibit research and translation, either because of regulatory complexity (stem cells) or a flawed operation of the regulatory process (GM crops). There are good indications that the UK is learning from past experiences in bioengineering when handling new emerging technologies, such as synthetic biology. The Government and Research Councils have recognised the value of synthetic biology early, and are providing funding. The Committee is also concerned that while research is well funded there is not enough forethought about synthetic biology translation, for example developing DNA synthesis capability, which would provide the UK with an excellent opportunity to get ahead internationally. If this is not addressed, synthetic biology runs the risk of becoming yet another story of the UK failing to capitalise on a strong research base and falling behind internationally.
The PREHOSPITAL TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT (PHTLS) course is a unique continuing education program created from the real need in EMS education for additional training in the handling of trauma patients. The course and the book, PREHOSPITAL TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT, educate EMS personnel to identify, stabilize, treat, and transport trauma patients with the highest level of care. Prehospital patients who are stabilized and then quickly transported to an appropriate medical facility have the best chance of survival. Identifying the mechanism of injury, interpreting signs and symptoms, understanding pathophysiology, recognizing life-threatening injuries, and honing assessment skills all help the EMT to identify a trauma patient with multiple injuries and perform appropriate interventions. PHTLS treats the trauma patient as a special entity, with needs that differ from those of other patients. Provides the most current information available through revised and updated chapters which adhere to the new 1998 ATLS guidelines. Features comprehensive coverage for both basic and advanced level training. Emphasizes the foundation of trauma care, specifically understanding the mechanism of injury. Includes in-depth coverage of anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, assessment and management of trauma to key body systems and regions. Covers special patient populations, including pediatrics, geriatrics and pregnant patients, to refresh the EMT regarding the importance of understanding the differences in physiology and presentation in these special populations. Contains an entire chapter devoted to trauma care in the military, because prehospital care in military situations is indisputably different than most civilian trauma situations. Promotes clear, practical understanding of the proper procedures for airway and spine skills with separate chapters that outline techniques and procedures with photos alongside text in a step-by-step format. Includes chapter objectives, summary, and review questions to help the student self-assess and pick out key points from the material. Includes case scenarios and conclusions to promote critical thinking and allow the student to see real application of the concepts discussed in each chapter. Provides a comprehensive glossary and bibliography to direct the reader when further study on a particular topic is desired. Incorporates more than 300 full-color illustrations, many updated and enlarged from previous edition, to aid in visual learning, comprehension of material, explanation of difficult concepts, and keep reader's interest.
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