Committee on Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research's Books

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

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Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random-Source Dogs and Cats in Research examines the value of random-source animals in biomedical research and the role of Class B dealers who acquire and resell live dogs and cats to research institutions. Findings include that, while some random-source dogs and cats may be necessary and desirable for National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, there is no clear need to obtain those animals from Class B dealers. Several options for random-source animal acquisition already exist and additional options are recommended, which would further ensure the welfare of these animals and foster a positive public image for NIH. While the scientific community has recognized and responded to concerns for humane treatment of animals in research, government oversight has thus far been unable to fully enforce the Animal Welfare Act in regard to Class B dealers of live animals. Although the animals acquired by Class B dealers are destined for research-and NIH research in particular-the standard of care while in the possession of some Class B dealers requires an inordinate amount of government enforcement and is not commensurate with the policies of most NIH-funded research laboratories. This dichotomy of standards reflects poorly on public perceptions of NIH and jeopardizes animal welfare. This book will be crucial for NIH and other groups using random-source animals in research, including veterinary schools and research facilities. Animal welfare advocates, policy makers, and concerned pet owners will also find this a vital and informative work for reconciling the needs of research with the welfare of animals.

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118

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309138078

ISBN 13

9780309138079

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

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Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

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118

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309138078

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9780309138079

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

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Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

The Transformational Medical Technologies (TMT) has been a unique component of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) medical biodefense efforts since 2006. Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of roadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause such debilitating diseases in humans that it is ethically inappropriate to test the efficacy of these countermeasures in human volunteers. In lieu of human participants, these products may be tested in animals and approved for human use under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s 2002 Animal Rule. The reliance on animal models for the development and licensure of medical countermeasures against biothreats is challenging for a number of reasons. The ad hoc Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents prepared a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models. Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents evaluates how well the existing TMT-employed or candidate animal models reflect the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and treatment of human disease as related to the agents of interest. The report addresses the process and/or feasibility of developing new animal models for critical biodefense research, placing emphasis on the need for a robust and expeditious validation process in terms of the FDA's Animal Rule. The report also evaluates alternatives to the use of animal models based on the premise of the Three Rs.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309219094

ISBN 13

9780309219099

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

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Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

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246

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154006

ISBN 13

9780309154000

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

The use of animals in research adheres to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice. Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals, the second of two reports revising the 1992 publication Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), focuses on pain experienced by animals used in research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers and investigators; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee members; and animal care staff and animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with pain in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines for recognizing and alleviating pain in laboratory animals, focusing specifically on the following areas: physiology of pain in commonly used laboratory species; pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic principles to control pain; identification of humane endpoints; and principles for minimizing pain associated with experimental procedures. Finally, the report identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare.

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198

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030912834X

ISBN 13

9780309128346

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

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113

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038391

ISBN 13

9780309038393

Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Assessment of the Use and Care of Dogs in Biomedical Research Funded by or Conducted at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

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Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

For many years, laboratory dogs have served as important animal models for biomedical research that has advanced human health. Conducted at the request of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), this report assesses whether laboratory dogs are or will continue to be necessary for biomedical research related to the VA's mission. The report concludes that using laboratory dogs in research at the VA is scientifically necessary for only a few areas of current biomedical research. The report recommends that the VA adopt an expanded set of criteria for determining when it is scientifically necessary to use laboratory dogs in VA biomedical research; that the VA promote the development and use of alternatives to laboratory dogs; and highlights opportunities for the VA to enhance the welfare of laboratory dogs that are being used in biomedical research areas for which they have been deemed necessary.

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Page Count

171

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309676444

ISBN 13

9780309676441

Book's by Committee on Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

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