Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water's Books

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

By: Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

By: Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

The Safe Drinking Water Act directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate the quality of drinking water, including its concentration of radon, an acknowledged carcinogen. This book presents a valuable synthesis of information about the total inhalation and ingestion risks posed by radon in public drinking water, including comprehensive reviews of data on the transfer of radon from water to indoor air and on outdoor levels of radon in the United States. It also presents a new analysis of a biokinetic model developed to determine the risks posed by ingestion of radon and reviews inhalation risks and the carcinogenesis process. The volume includes scenarios for quantifying the reduction in health risk that might be achieved by a program to reduce public exposure to radon. Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water, reflecting research and analysis mandated by 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, provides comment on a variety of methods to reduce radon entry into homes and to reduce the concentrations of radon in indoor air and in water. The models, analysis, and reviews of literature contained in this book are intended to provide information that EPA will need to set a new maximum contaminant level, as it is required to do in 2000.

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294

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309524741

ISBN 13

9780309524742

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

By: Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

By: Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309524741

ISBN 13

9780309524742

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water

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Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water

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294

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309062926

ISBN 13

9780309062923

Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter

III. Early Research Progress

By: National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter

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Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter

III. Early Research Progress

Regulatory standards are already on the books at the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and EPA have initiated a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause damage. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result is a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. This, the third volume, begins the task of assessing the progress made in implementing the research program. The National Research Council ultimately concludes that the ongoing program is appropriately addressing many of the key uncertainties. However, it also identifies a number of critical specific subjects that should be given greater attention. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter focuses on the most current and planned research projects with an eye toward the fourth and final report, which will contain an updated assessment.

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Page Count

189

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309073375

ISBN 13

9780309073370

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants

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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

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668

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030904894X

ISBN 13

9780309048941

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future

By: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

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Cities and Their Vital Systems

Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future

By: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.

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1298

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309037867

ISBN 13

9780309037860

Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the OMB Risk Assessment Bulletin

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Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the OMB Risk Assessment Bulletin

Risk assessments are often used by the federal government to estimate the risk the public may face from such things as exposure to a chemical or the potential failure of an engineered structure, and they underlie many regulatory decisions. Last January, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a draft bulletin for all federal agencies, which included a new definition of risk assessment and proposed standards aimed at improving federal risk assessments. This National Research Council report, written at the request of OMB, evaluates the draft bulletin and supports its overall goals of improving the quality of risk assessments. However, the report concludes that the draft bulletin is "fundamentally flawed" from a scientific and technical standpoint and should be withdrawn. Problems include an overly broad definition of risk assessment in conflict with long-established concepts and practices, and an overly narrow definition of adverse health effects-one that considers only clinically apparent effects to be adverse, ignoring other biological changes that could lead to health effects. The report also criticizes the draft bulletin for focusing mainly on human health risk assessments while neglecting assessments of technology and engineered structures.

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Page Count

302

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309104777

ISBN 13

9780309104777

Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants

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Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants

The provision of safe drinking water has been an important factor in the improvement of the health status of U.S. communities since the turn of the last century. Nonetheless, outbreaks of waterborne disease and incidences of chemical contamination of drinking water continue to occur. Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants recommends a new process for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to use in deciding which potential drinking water contaminants should be regulated in public water supplies to provide the greatest protection against waterborne illnesses. The book covers chemical and microbiological contaminants and includes a historical review of past approaches to setting priorities for drinking water contaminants and other environmental pollutants. It emphasizes the need for expert judgment in this process and for a conservative approach that considers public health protection as the first priority.

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Page Count

127

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309173647

ISBN 13

9780309173643

Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

By: Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

By: Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.

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293

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309580706

ISBN 13

9780309580700

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

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Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.

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Page Count

402

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048753

ISBN 13

9780309048750

Book's by Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radon in Drinking Water

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water

Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter

Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget

Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget

Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants

Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants

Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children

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