Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology's Books

Opportunities in Biology

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology

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Opportunities in Biology

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology

Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€"recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€"are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€"for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€"of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.

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471

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National Academies

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309039274

ISBN 13

9780309039277

Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science

By: National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Basic Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

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Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science

By: National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Basic Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science identifies areas of high-priority research within the purview of the Earth Science Division of the National Science Foundation, assesses cross-disciplinary connections, and discusses the linkages between basic research and societal needs. Opportunities in Earth science have been opened up by major improvements in techniques for reading the geological record of terrestrial change, capabilities for observing active processes in the present-day Earth, and computational technologies for realistic simulations of dynamic geosystems. This book examines six specific areas in which the opportunities for basic research are especially compelling, including integrative studies of the near-surface environment (the "Critical Zone"); geobiology; Earth and planetary materials; investigations of the continents; studies of Earth's deep interior; and planetary science. It concludes with a discussion of mechanisms for exploiting these research opportunities, including EarthScope, natural laboratories, and partnerships.

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169

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030907133X

ISBN 13

9780309071338

The Funding of Young Investigators in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Funding of Young Investigators in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences

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The Funding of Young Investigators in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Funding of Young Investigators in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences

This book brings to light trends in the support of life scientists beginning their professional careers. In 1985, 3,040 scientists under the age of 36 applied for individual investigator (R01) grants from the National Institutes of Health, and 1,002 received awards, for a "success rate" of 33%. In 1993, 1,389 scientists under the age of 36 applied for R01 grants and 302 received awards, for a success rate of 21.7%. Even when R23/R29 grant awards (both intended for new investigators) are added to the R01 awards, the number of R01 plus R23 awards made in 1985 was 1,308, and in 1993, the number of R01 plus R29 was 527. These recent trends in the funding of young biomedical research scientists, and the fact that young nonbiomedical scientists historically have had a smaller base of support to draw upon when beginning their careers, raises serious questions about the future of life science research. It is the purpose of this volume to present data about the trends and examine their implications.

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128

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309050774

ISBN 13

9780309050777

Opportunities in Biology

By: Board on Biology,Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

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Opportunities in Biology

By: Board on Biology,Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologies--recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and more--are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needs--for funding, effective information systems, and other support--of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.

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464

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309039274

ISBN 13

9780309039277

Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communications Devices

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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices

In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the use of wireless communications devices and a great deal of research has been carried out to investigate possible biological or human health effects resulting from their use. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked the National Research Council to organize a workshop to identify research needs and gaps in knowledge in the areas of dosimetry and exposure, epidemiology, human laboratory studies, mechanisms, and animal and cell biology. The workshop did not include the evaluation of health effects or the generation of recommendations relating to how identified research needs should be met. Some needs and gaps identified at the workshop include: (1) characterization of exposures from wireless devices and RF base station antennas in juveniles, children, fetuses, and pregnant women and (2) evaluation of devices that use newer technologies (e.g., texting, web-surfing).

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030911294X

ISBN 13

9780309112949

Plant Biology Research and Training for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Examination of Plant Science Research Programs in the UnitedStates

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Plant Biology Research and Training for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Examination of Plant Science Research Programs in the UnitedStates

Faster progress in plant biology research could benefit agriculture, the environment, medicine, and our understanding of basic biological processes. This book clearly and directly describes the impediments to greater achievements in plant science and suggests solutions. It presents an innovative plan that would create a comprehensive federal system of management and financial support for plant biology research and training.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309046793

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9780309046794

A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Space Biology and Medicine

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A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Space Biology and Medicine

Construction of the international space station, scheduled to start in late 1998, ushers in a new era for laboratory sciences in space. This is especially true for space life sciences, which include not only the use of low gravity as an experimental parameter to study fundamental biological processes but also the study of the serious physiological changes that occur in astronauts as they remain in space for increasingly longer missions. This book addresses both of these aspects and provides a comprehensive review of ground-based and space research in eleven disciplines, ranging from bone physiology to plant biology. It also offers detailed, prioritized recommendations for research during the next decade, which are expected to have a considerable impact on the direction of NASA's research program. The volume is also a valuable reference tool for space and life scientists.

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297

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309060478

ISBN 13

9780309060479

A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine into the Next Century

By: Committee on Space Biology and Medicine,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine into the Next Century

By: Committee on Space Biology and Medicine,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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297

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309522064

ISBN 13

9780309522069

Biological Collections

Ensuring Critical Research and Education for the 21st Century

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Biological Collections: Their Past, Present, and Future Contributions and Options for Sustaining Them

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Biological Collections

Ensuring Critical Research and Education for the 21st Century

Biological collections are a critical part of the nation's science and innovation infrastructure and a fundamental resource for understanding the natural world. Biological collections underpin basic science discoveries as well as deepen our understanding of many challenges such as global change, biodiversity loss, sustainable food production, ecosystem conservation, and improving human health and security. They are important resources for education, both in formal training for the science and technology workforce, and in informal learning through schools, citizen science programs, and adult learning. However, the sustainability of biological collections is under threat. Without enhanced strategic leadership and investments in their infrastructure and growth many biological collections could be lost. Biological Collections: Ensuring Critical Research and Education for the 21st Century recommends approaches for biological collections to develop long-term financial sustainability, advance digitization, recruit and support a diverse workforce, and upgrade and maintain a robust physical infrastructure in order to continue serving science and society. The aim of the report is to stimulate a national discussion regarding the goals and strategies needed to ensure that U.S. biological collections not only thrive but continue to grow throughout the 21st century and beyond.

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245

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309498538

ISBN 13

9780309498531

Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Laboratory Security and Personnel Reliability Assurance Systems for Laboratories Conducting Research on Biological Select Agents and Toxins

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Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins

The effort to understand and combat infectious diseases has, during the centuries, produced many key advances in science and medicine-including the development of vaccines, drugs, and other treatments. A subset of this research is conducted with agents that, like anthrax, not only pose a severe threat to the health of humans, plants, and animals but can also be used for ill-intended purposes. Such agents have been listed by the government as biological select agents and toxins. The 2001 anthrax letter attacks prompted the creation of new regulations aimed at increasing security for research with dangerous pathogens. The outcome of the anthrax letter investigation has raised concern about whether these measures are adequate. Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins evaluates both the physical security of select agent laboratories and personnel reliability measures designed to ensure the trustworthiness of those with access to biological select agents and toxins. The book offers a set of guiding principles and recommended changes to minimize security risk and facilitate the productivity of research. The book recommends fostering a culture of trust and responsibility in the laboratory, engaging the community in oversight of the Select Agent Program, and enhancing the operation of the Select Agent Program.

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189

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309150299

ISBN 13

9780309150293

Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Frontiers at the Interface of Computing and Biology

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Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Frontiers at the Interface of Computing and Biology

Advances in computer science and technology and in biology over the last several years have opened up the possibility for computing to help answer fundamental questions in biology and for biology to help with new approaches to computing. Making the most of the research opportunities at the interface of computing and biology requires the active participation of people from both fields. While past attempts have been made in this direction, circumstances today appear to be much more favorable for progress. To help take advantage of these opportunities, this study was requested of the NRC by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy. The report provides the basis for establishing cross-disciplinary collaboration between biology and computing including an analysis of potential impediments and strategies for overcoming them. The report also presents a wealth of examples that should encourage students in the biological sciences to look for ways to enable them to be more effective users of computing in their studies.

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469

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030909612X

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9780309096126

Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era

By: National Research Council,Polar Research Board,Committee on Frontiers in Polar Biology

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Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era

By: National Research Council,Polar Research Board,Committee on Frontiers in Polar Biology

As we enter the twenty-first century, the polar biological sciences stand well poised to address numerous important issues, many of which were unrecognized as little as 10 years ago. From the effects of global warming on polar organisms to the potential for life in subglacial Lake Vostok, the opportunities to advance our understanding of polar ecosystems are unprecedented. The era of "genome-enabled" biology is upon us, and new technologies will allow us to examine polar biological questions of unprecedented scope and to do so with extraordinary depth and precision. Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Revolution highlights research areas in polar biology that can benefit from genomic technologies and assesses the impediments to the conduct of polar genomic research. It also emphasizes the importance of ancillary technologies to the successful application of genomic technologies to polar studies. It recommends the development of a new initiative in polar genome sciences that emphasizes collaborative multidisciplinary research to facilitate genome analyses of polar organisms and coordinate research efforts.

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187

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309087279

ISBN 13

9780309087278

New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation

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New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation

The 2001 National Research Council (NRC) report Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science (BROES) described how basic research in the Earth sciences serves five national imperatives: (1) discovery, use, and conservation of natural resources; (2) characterization and mitigation of natural hazards; (3) geotechnical support of commercial and infrastructure development; (4) stewardship of the environment; and (5) terrestrial surveillance for global security and national defense. This perspective is even more pressing today, and will persist into the future, with ever-growing emphasis. Today's world-with headlines dominated by issues involving fossil fuel and water resources, earthquake and tsunami disasters claiming hundreds of thousands of lives and causing hundreds of billions of dollars in damages, profound environmental changes associated with the evolving climate system, and nuclear weapons proliferation and testing-has many urgent societal issues that need to be informed by sound understanding of the Earth sciences. A national strategy to sustain basic research and training of expertise across the full spectrum of the Earth sciences is motivated by these national imperatives. New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences identifies new and emerging research opportunities in the Earth sciences over the next decade, including surface and deep Earth processes and interdisciplinary research with fields such as ocean and atmospheric sciences, biology, engineering, computer science, and social and behavioral sciences. The report also identifies key instrumentation and facilities needed to support these new and emerging research opportunities. The report describes opportunities for increased cooperation in these new and emerging areas between EAR and other government agency programs, industry, and international programs, and suggests new ways that EAR can help train the next generation of Earth scientists, support young investigators, and increase the participation of underrepresented groups in the field.

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132

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309219248

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9780309219242

Integrating Discovery-Based Research into the Undergraduate Curriculum

Report of a Convocation

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee for Convocation on Integrating Discovery-Based Research into the Undergraduate Curriculum

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Integrating Discovery-Based Research into the Undergraduate Curriculum

Report of a Convocation

Students who participate in scientific research as undergraduates report gaining many benefits from the experience. However, undergraduate research done independently under a faculty member's guidance or as part of an internship, regardless of its individual benefits, is inherently limited in its overall impact. Faculty members and sponsoring companies have limited time and funding to support undergraduate researchers, and most institutions have available (or have allocated) only enough human and financial resources to involve a small fraction of their undergraduates in such experiences. Many more students can be involved as undergraduate researchers if they do scientific research either collectively or individually as part of a regularly scheduled course. Course-based research experiences have been shown to provide students with many of the same benefits acquired from a mentored summer research experience, assuming that sufficient class time is invested, and several different potential advantages. In order to further explore this issue, the Division on Earth and Life Studies and the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education organized a convocation meant to examine the efficacy of engaging large numbers of undergraduate students who are enrolled in traditional academic year courses in the life and related sciences in original research, civic engagement around scientific issues, and/or intensive study of research methods and scientific publications at both two- and four-year colleges and universities. Participants explored the benefits and costs of offering students such experiences and the ways that such efforts may both influence and be influenced by issues such as institutional governance, available resources, and professional expectations of faculty. Integrating Discovery-Based Research into the Undergraduate Curriculum summarizes the presentations and discussions from this event.

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161

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309380898

ISBN 13

9780309380898

Research Opportunities for Managing the Department of Energy's Transuranic and Mixed Wastes

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Managing Transuranic and Mixed Wastes at Department of Energy Sites

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Research Opportunities for Managing the Department of Energy's Transuranic and Mixed Wastes

About 155,000 cubic meters of waste contaminated with both radioactive isotopes and hazardous chemicals are stored at some 30 DOE sites, and another 450,000 cubic meters are buried. While DOE is making a concerted effort to properly dispose of this waste, the amount translates to a multi-decade effort that will require handling, characterizing, and shipping hundreds of thousands of waste containers at a total cost of billions of dollars. This report describes basic scientific research that can lead to new technologies for performing these tasks more safely and cost effectively.

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130

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309084717

ISBN 13

9780309084710

Research Opportunities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Research Priorities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey

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Research Opportunities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Research Priorities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey

Research Opportunities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides perspective and guidance to the geography discipline about its future research and strategic directions. The book makes specific recommendations about scientific research priorities and partnerships within and outside the agency, and outlines a long-term core research agenda for the USGS.

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144

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309085160

ISBN 13

9780309085168

Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration

An Interim Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space

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Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration

An Interim Report

In response to requests from Congress, NASA asked the National Research Council to undertake a decadal survey of life and physical sciences in microgravity. Developed in consultation with members of the life and physical sciences communities, the guiding principle for the study is to set an agenda for research for the next decade that will allow the use of the space environment to solve complex problems in life and physical sciences so as to deliver both new knowledge and practical benefits for humankind as we become a spacefaring people. The project's statement of task calls for delivery of two books-an interim report and a final survey report. Although the development of specific recommendations is deferred until the final book, this interim report does attempt to identify programmatic needs and issues to guide near-term decisions that are critical to strengthening the organization and management of life and physical sciences research at NASA.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309157129

ISBN 13

9780309157124

Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee to Study the National Needs for Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Personnel

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Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee to Study the National Needs for Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Personnel

Comprehensive research and a highly-trained workforce are essential for the improvement of health and health care both nationally and internationally. During the past 40 years the National Research Services Award (NRSA) Program has played a large role in training the workforce responsible for dramatic advances in the understanding of various diseases and new insights that have led to more effective and targeted therapies. In spite of this program, the difficulty obtaining jobs after the postdoc period has discouraged many domestic students from pursuing graduate postdoc training. In the United States, more than 50 percent of the postdoc workforce is made up of individuals who obtained their Ph.D.s from other countries. Indeed, one can make a strong argument that the influx of highly trained and creative foreigners has contributed greatly to U.S. science over the past 70 years. Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences discusses a number of important issues, including: the job prospects for postdocs completing their training; questions about the continued supply of international postdocs in an increasingly competitive world; the need for equal, excellent training for all graduate students who receive NIH funding; and the need to increase the diversity of trainees. The book recommends improvements in minority recruiting, more rigorous and extensive training in the responsible conduct of research and ethics, increased emphasis on career development, more attention to outcomes, and the requirement for incorporating more quantitative thinking in the biomedical curriculum.

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