Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use's Books

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

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113

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038391

ISBN 13

9780309038393

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

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Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

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224

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089034

ISBN 13

9780309089036

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

In this first in a proposed series of workshops on regulatory issues in animal care and use, the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) has addressed the existing and proposed requirements for reporting pain and distress in laboratory animals. The Animal Welfare Act, administered by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), mandates that pain and distress in laboratory animals be minimized. USDA is considering two policy changes with regard to this specific mandate. Firstly, since there has been no functional definition of "distress," USDA has prepared such a definition and requested feedback from the scientific community on its usefulness for regulatory and reporting requirements. The second issue concerns the pain and distress categorization scheme for reporting to USDA. Various groups and individuals have questioned the efficacy of the current categories, and specific changes have been proposed by the Humane Society of the United States. USDA is considering these and other potential changes to the existing scheme. Thus, given these potential changes to animal welfare policy, the aim of the ILAR/NIH joint workshop was to provide feedback to the USDA. The speakers were asked to address these two issues as well as to comment upon whether the information contained in the 1992 ILAR report Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals is still useful to investigators in assisting them to comply with regulations. The speakers provided perspectives based on their individual expertise in the areas of science of pain and distress, animal welfare policy, protocol review, and/or as representatives of relevant organizations or institutions. The following proceedings are an edited transcript of their presentations.

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131

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309072913

ISBN 13

9780309072915

International Animal Research Regulations

Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders

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International Animal Research Regulations

Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary

Animals are widely used in neuroscience research to explore biological mechanisms of nervous system function, to identify the genetic basis of disease states, and to provide models of human disorders and diseases for the development of new treatments. To ensure the humane care and use of animals, numerous laws, policies, and regulations are in place governing the use of animals in research, and certain animal regulations have implications specific to neuroscience research. To consider animal research regulations from a global perspective, the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the National Research Council and the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, held a workshop in Buckinghamshire, UK, July 26-27, 2011. The workshop brought together neuroscientists, legal scholars, administrators, and other key stakeholders to discuss current and emerging trends in animal regulations as they apply to the neurosciences. This document summarizes the workshop.

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102

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309252083

ISBN 13

9780309252089

Rodents

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Rodents

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Rodents

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Rodents

In the 15 years since the last Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources report on the general management of rodents was published, important advances in biomedical research and increased public awareness have created a new environment for animal research. Modern technology-such as insertion of functional genes from other species into mice or rats, elimination of a single selected gene or function in mice, and the re-creation of elements of the human immune system in mice-has greatly expanded the usefulness of rodents in drug development and as models of human diseases. The technologic requirements of such advanced systems have led to improved understanding and implementation of environmental requirements for the care and use of rodents in research. The intent of this report is to provide current information to laboratory animal scientists (including both animal-care technicians and veterinarians), investigators, research technicians, and administrators on general elements of rodent care and use that should be considered both for optimal design and conduct of research and to meet current standards of care and use.

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179

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309176921

ISBN 13

9780309176927

Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

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Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Since 1998, the volume of research being conducted using human embryonic stem (hES) cells has expanded primarily using private funds because of restrictions on the use of federal funds for such research. Given limited federal involvement, privately funded hES cell research has thus far been carried out under a patchwork of existing regulations, many of which were not designed with this research specifically in mind. In addition, hES cell research touches on many ethical, legal, scientific, and policy issues that are of concern to the public. This report provides guidelines for the conduct of hES cell research to address both ethical and scientific concerns. The guidelines are intended to enhance the integrity of privately funded hES cell research by encouraging responsible practices in the conduct of that research.

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224

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309096537

ISBN 13

9780309096539

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,International Workshop on the Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care Program Committee

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The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care is the summary of an international workshop held in Washington, DC, in November 2003 to bring together experts from around the world to discuss the available knowledge that can positively influence current and pending guidelines for laboratory animal care, identify gaps in that knowledge in order to encourage future research endeavors, and discuss the scientific evidence that can be used to assess the benefits and costs of various regulatory approaches affecting facilities, research, and animal welfare.

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262

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309093023

ISBN 13

9780309093026

Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Review of the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park

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Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Final Report

This report follows up on an interim report released in February 2004 that focused on immediate needs in the areas of animal care and management, recordkeeping, and pest control. The report finds that the zoo has made good-faith efforts to correct deficiencies noted in the interim report and has made some noticeable improvements in the past year in zoo operations and animal care. However, problems in areas such as staff training, workplace culture, and strategic planning still need to be addressed. Specifically, the report recommends that the zoo immediately develop and implement animal-care training programs to ensure that people who are directly responsible for the well-being of its animal collection are adequately prepared and competent. The report commends a zoo-initiated strategic planning process as a positive step, but recommends it contain a more detailed, comprehensive strategy of how it will meet short-term goals and that it should link plans to upgrade facilities with those to acquire animals. The zoo should also focus on improving communication among keepers, veterinarians, nutritionists, senior managers, and curators.

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304

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309095832

ISBN 13

9780309095839

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

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Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random-Source Dogs and Cats in Research examines the value of random-source animals in biomedical research and the role of Class B dealers who acquire and resell live dogs and cats to research institutions. Findings include that, while some random-source dogs and cats may be necessary and desirable for National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, there is no clear need to obtain those animals from Class B dealers. Several options for random-source animal acquisition already exist and additional options are recommended, which would further ensure the welfare of these animals and foster a positive public image for NIH. While the scientific community has recognized and responded to concerns for humane treatment of animals in research, government oversight has thus far been unable to fully enforce the Animal Welfare Act in regard to Class B dealers of live animals. Although the animals acquired by Class B dealers are destined for research-and NIH research in particular-the standard of care while in the possession of some Class B dealers requires an inordinate amount of government enforcement and is not commensurate with the policies of most NIH-funded research laboratories. This dichotomy of standards reflects poorly on public perceptions of NIH and jeopardizes animal welfare. This book will be crucial for NIH and other groups using random-source animals in research, including veterinary schools and research facilities. Animal welfare advocates, policy makers, and concerned pet owners will also find this a vital and informative work for reconciling the needs of research with the welfare of animals.

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118

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309138078

ISBN 13

9780309138079

Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A Guide for Developing Institutional Programs

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal Science

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Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A Guide for Developing Institutional Programs

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal Science

Federal law now requires that institutions provide training for anyone caring for or using laboratory animals. This volume provides the guidelines and resources needed to coordinate a quality training program, as well as to meet all legal requirements. A core module for all personnel takes no more than four hours to present. Most staff then proceed to one or more additional skills-development modules including the species-specific module that can be customized to any species in use at the institution, the pain management module, and the surgery module. The volume provides content information for required topics-from ethics to record keeping-and lists sources of additional publications, audiovisual programs, and computerized teaching aids. Included are: Ready-to-use teaching outlines, with detailed instructions for presenting material. Practical guidelines on logistics, covering scheduling, budgeting, and more. Guidelines on how to design training for adults and how to work with investigators who may resist taking training courses. This practical guidebook will be necessary for research institutions, particularly for staff members responsible for training coordination.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309043824

ISBN 13

9780309043823

Animal Biotechnology

Science-Based Concerns

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Agricultural Biotechnology, Health, and the Environment,Committee on Defining Science-Based Concerns Associated with Products of Animal Biotechnology

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Animal Biotechnology

Science-Based Concerns

Genetic-based animal biotechnology has produced new food and pharmaceutical products and promises many more advances to benefit humankind. These exciting prospects are accompanied by considerable unease, however, about matters such as safety and ethics. This book identifies science-based and policy-related concerns about animal biotechnologyâ€"key issues that must be resolved before the new breakthroughs can reach their potential. The book includes a short history of the field and provides understandable definitions of terms like cloning. Looking at technologies on the near horizon, the authors discuss what we know and what we fear about their effectsâ€"the inadvertent release of dangerous microorganisms, the safety of products derived from biotechnology, the impact of genetically engineered animals on their environment. In addition to these concerns, the book explores animal welfare concerns, and our societal and institutional capacity to manage and regulate the technology and its products. This accessible volume will be important to everyone interested in the implications of the use of animal biotechnology.

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200

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030916933X

ISBN 13

9780309169332

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

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Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

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246

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154006

ISBN 13

9780309154000

Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Laboratory Animals

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Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Laboratory Animals

Arranging the transportation of animals at research facilities is often an ordeal. There is a confusing patchwork of local, national, and international regulations; a perceived lack of high-quality shipping services; a dearth of science-based good practices; and a lack of biosafety standards. It's a challenge â€"and an impediment to biomedical research. Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals identifies the current problems encountered in the transportation of research animals and offers recommendations aimed at local and federal officials to rectify these problems. This book also includes a set of good practices based on the extensive body of literature on transportation of agricultural animals, universal concepts of physiology, and a scientific understanding of species-specific needs and differences. Good practices were developed by the committee to address thermal environment, space requirements, food and water requirements, social interaction, monitoring of transportation, emergency procedures, personnel training, and biosecurity. Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals is an essential guide for all researchers, animal care technicians, facilities managers, administrators, and animal care and use committees at research institutions.

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165

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309101107

ISBN 13

9780309101103

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

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131

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309171288

ISBN 13

9780309171281

Book's by Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

International Animal Research Regulations

International Animal Research Regulations

Rodents

Rodents

Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Animal Biotechnology

Animal Biotechnology

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals

Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

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