Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences's Books

Ending the Tobacco Problem

A Blueprint for the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

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Ending the Tobacco Problem

A Blueprint for the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.

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643

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103827

ISBN 13

9780309103824

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

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Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences

By: National Research Council,Committee on the Illicit Tobacco Market: Collection and Analysis of the International Experience

Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

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316

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309317150

ISBN 13

9780309317153

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products

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Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products

Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.

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341

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309316278

ISBN 13

9780309316279

Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention

A Framework to Inform Decision Making

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention Decision Making

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Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention

A Framework to Inform Decision Making

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention Decision Making

To battle the obesity epidemic in America, health care professionals and policymakers need relevant, useful data on the effectiveness of obesity prevention policies and programs. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention identifies a new approach to decision making and research on obesity prevention to use a systems perspective to gain a broader understanding of the context of obesity and the many factors that influence it.

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336

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309149894

ISBN 13

9780309149891

Ending the Tobacco Problem

A Blueprint for the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

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Ending the Tobacco Problem

A Blueprint for the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

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643

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103827

ISBN 13

9780309103824

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations

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Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations

The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.

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380

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309137675

ISBN 13

9780309137676

Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Assessment of Agent-Based Models to Inform Tobacco Product Regulation

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Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Assessment of Agent-Based Models to Inform Tobacco Product Regulation

Tobacco consumption continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products - specifically cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco - to protect public health and reduce tobacco use in the United States. Given the strong social component inherent to tobacco use onset, cessation, and relapse, and given the heterogeneity of those social interactions, agent-based models have the potential to be an essential tool in assessing the effects of policies to control tobacco. Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation describes the complex tobacco environment; discusses the usefulness of agent-based models to inform tobacco policy and regulation; presents an evaluation framework for policy-relevant agent-based models; examines the role and type of data needed to develop agent-based models for tobacco regulation; provides an assessment of the agent-based model developed for FDA; and offers strategies for using agent-based models to inform decision making in the future.

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269

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309317258

ISBN 13

9780309317252

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Shorter Lives, Poorer Health

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries

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U.S. Health in International Perspective

Shorter Lives, Poorer Health

The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

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421

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309264146

ISBN 13

9780309264143

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

A Critical Challenge to Achieve Global Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Meeting the Challenges in Developing Countries

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Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

A Critical Challenge to Achieve Global Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Meeting the Challenges in Developing Countries

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), once thought to be confined primarily to industrialized nations, has emerged as a major health threat in developing countries. Cardiovascular disease now accounts for nearly 30 percent of deaths in low and middle income countries each year, and is accompanied by significant economic repercussions. Yet most governments, global health institutions, and development agencies have largely overlooked CVD as they have invested in health in developing countries. Recognizing the gap between the compelling evidence of the global CVD burden and the investment needed to prevent and control CVD, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) turned to the IOM for advice on how to catalyze change. In this report, the IOM recommends that the NHLBI, development agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and governments work toward two essential goals: creating environments that promote heart healthy lifestyle choices and help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and building public health infrastructure and health systems with the capacity to implement programs that will effectively detect and reduce risk and manage CVD. To meet these goals, the IOM recommends several steps, including improving cooperation and collaboration; implementing effective and feasible strategies; and informing efforts through research and health surveillance. Without better efforts to promote cardiovascular health, global health as a whole will be undermined.

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482

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309147743

ISBN 13

9780309147743

Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010

Final Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010

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Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010

Final Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010

Healthy People is the nation's agenda for health promotion and disease prevention. The concept, first established in 1979 in a report prepared by the Office of the Surgeon General, has since been revised on a regular basis, and the fourth iteration, known as Healthy People 2010 will take the nation into the 21st century. Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010: Final Report contains a number of recommendations and suggestions for the Department of Health and Human Services that address issues relevant to the composition of leading health indicator sets, data collection, data analysis, effective dissemination strategies, health disparities, and application of the indicators across multiple jurisdictional levels.

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ISBN 10

0309065399

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9780309065399

Book's by Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention

Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation

U.S. Health in International Perspective

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010

Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010

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