Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals's Books

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

The use of animals in research adheres to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice. Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals, the second of two reports revising the 1992 publication Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), focuses on pain experienced by animals used in research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers and investigators; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee members; and animal care staff and animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with pain in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines for recognizing and alleviating pain in laboratory animals, focusing specifically on the following areas: physiology of pain in commonly used laboratory species; pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic principles to control pain; identification of humane endpoints; and principles for minimizing pain associated with experimental procedures. Finally, the report identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare.

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198

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030912834X

ISBN 13

9780309128346

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

Clear guidelines on the proper care and use of laboratory animals are being sought by researchers and members of the many committees formed to oversee animal care at universities as well as the general public. This book provides a comprehensive overview of what we know about behavior, pain, and distress in laboratory animals. The volume explores: Stressors in the laboratory and the animal behaviors they cause, including in-depth discussions of the physiology of pain and distress and the animal's ecological relationship to the laboratory as an environment. A review of euthanasia of lab animals-exploring the decision, the methods, and the emotional effects on technicians. Also included is a highly practical, extensive listing, by species, of dosages and side effects of anesthetics, analgesics, and tranquilizers.

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161

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309042755

ISBN 13

9780309042758

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

In this first in a proposed series of workshops on regulatory issues in animal care and use, the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) has addressed the existing and proposed requirements for reporting pain and distress in laboratory animals. The Animal Welfare Act, administered by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), mandates that pain and distress in laboratory animals be minimized. USDA is considering two policy changes with regard to this specific mandate. Firstly, since there has been no functional definition of "distress," USDA has prepared such a definition and requested feedback from the scientific community on its usefulness for regulatory and reporting requirements. The second issue concerns the pain and distress categorization scheme for reporting to USDA. Various groups and individuals have questioned the efficacy of the current categories, and specific changes have been proposed by the Humane Society of the United States. USDA is considering these and other potential changes to the existing scheme. Thus, given these potential changes to animal welfare policy, the aim of the ILAR/NIH joint workshop was to provide feedback to the USDA. The speakers were asked to address these two issues as well as to comment upon whether the information contained in the 1992 ILAR report Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals is still useful to investigators in assisting them to comply with regulations. The speakers provided perspectives based on their individual expertise in the areas of science of pain and distress, animal welfare policy, protocol review, and/or as representatives of relevant organizations or institutions. The following proceedings are an edited transcript of their presentations.

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131

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309171288

ISBN 13

9780309171281

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

Clear guidelines on the proper care and use of laboratory animals are being sought by researchers and members of the many committees formed to oversee animal care at universities as well as the general public. This book provides a comprehensive overview of what we know about behavior, pain, and distress in laboratory animals. The volume explores: Stressors in the laboratory and the animal behaviors they cause, including in-depth discussions of the physiology of pain and distress and the animal's ecological relationship to the laboratory as an environment. A review of euthanasia of lab animals--exploring the decision, the methods, and the emotional effects on technicians. Also included is a highly practical, extensive listing, by species, of dosages and side effects of anesthetics, analgesics, and tranquilizers.

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130

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309075254

ISBN 13

9780309075251

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals

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161

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309042755

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9780309042758

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

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198

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030912834X

ISBN 13

9780309128346

Monoclonal Antibody Production

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies

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Monoclonal Antibody Production

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies

The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) petitioned the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on April 23, 1997, to prohibit the use of animals in the production of mAb. On September 18, 1997, NIH declined to prohibit the use of mice in mAb production, stating that "the ascites method of mAb production is scientifically appropriate for some research projects and cannot be replaced." On March 26, 1998, AAVS submitted a second petition, stating that "NIH failed to provide valid scientific reasons for not supporting a proposed ban." The office of the NIH director asked the National Research Council to conduct a study of methods of producing mAb. In response to that request, the Research Council appointed the Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies, to act on behalf of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the Commission on Life Sciences, to conduct the study. The 11 expert members of the committee had extensive experience in biomedical research, laboratory animal medicine, animal welfare, pain research, and patient advocacy (Appendix B). The committee was asked to determine whether there was a scientific necessity for the mouse ascites method; if so, whether the method caused pain or distress; and, if so, what could be done to minimize the pain or distress. The committee was also asked to comment on available in vitro methods; to suggest what acceptable scientific rationale, if any, there was for using the mouse ascites method; and to identify regulatory requirements for the continued use of the mouse ascites method. The committee held an open data-gathering meeting during which its members summarized data bearing on those questions. A 1-day workshop (Appendix A) was attended by 34 participants, 14 of whom made formal presentations. A second meeting was held to finalize the report. The present report was written on the basis of information in the literature and information presented at the meeting and the workshop.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309173051

ISBN 13

9780309173056

Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. This new book from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) at the National Research Council, Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, focuses on the stress and distress which is experienced by animals when used in laboratory research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers, and investigators; animal care staff, as well as animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with stress and distress in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals focuses specifically on the scientific understanding of the causes and the functions of stress and distress, the transformation of stress to distress, and the identification of principles for the recognition and alleviation of distress. This book discusses the role of humane endpoints in situations of distress and principles for the minimization of distress in laboratory animals. It also identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare in order to adhere to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice.

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137

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309108179

ISBN 13

9780309108171

Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A Guide for Developing Institutional Programs

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal Science

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Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A Guide for Developing Institutional Programs

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal Science

Federal law now requires that institutions provide training for anyone caring for or using laboratory animals. This volume provides the guidelines and resources needed to coordinate a quality training program, as well as to meet all legal requirements. A core module for all personnel takes no more than four hours to present. Most staff then proceed to one or more additional skills-development modules including the species-specific module that can be customized to any species in use at the institution, the pain management module, and the surgery module. The volume provides content information for required topics-from ethics to record keeping-and lists sources of additional publications, audiovisual programs, and computerized teaching aids. Included are: Ready-to-use teaching outlines, with detailed instructions for presenting material. Practical guidelines on logistics, covering scheduling, budgeting, and more. Guidelines on how to design training for adults and how to work with investigators who may resist taking training courses. This practical guidebook will be necessary for research institutions, particularly for staff members responsible for training coordination.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309043824

ISBN 13

9780309043823

Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science

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Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science

Research in veterinary science is critical for the health and well-being of animals, including humans. Food safety, emerging infectious diseases, the development of new therapies, and the possibility of bioterrorism are examples of issues addressed by veterinary science that have an impact on both human and animal health. However, there is a lack of scientists engaged in veterinary research. Too few veterinarians pursue research careers, and there is a shortage of facilities and funding for conducting research. This report identifies questions and issues that veterinary research can help to address, and discusses the scientific expertise and infrastructure needed to meet the most critical research needs. The report finds that there is an urgent need to provide adequate resources for investigators, training programs, and facilities involved in veterinary research.

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239

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030909660X

ISBN 13

9780309096607

Laboratory Animal Management

Dogs

By: National Research Council,Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Dogs

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Laboratory Animal Management

Dogs

By: National Research Council,Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Dogs

This newly revised edition incorporates the regulatory requirements and improved practices for laboratory animal care that have developed over the past two decades. The volume covers: Selection of dogs as research models. Design, construction, and maintenance of facilities. Temperature, humidity, food, water, bedding, sanitation, animal identification, record keeping, and transportation. General veterinary care, as well as special care of breeding animals and random-source animals. Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs examines controversies over proper cage sizes and interpretation of federal requirements for exercise and offers recommendations for researchers. Guidelines are provided on how to recognize and alleviate pain and distress in research dogs and on the sensitive topic of euthanasia. Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs discusses how to assemble a proper research protocol and how to handle conflicts. Outlined are procedures for institutional animal care and use and committee review. The volume also presents guidelines for handling aging dogs, use of radiation in experiments, and a wide range of other special circumstances. Thoroughly referenced, this guide will be indispensable to researchers, research administrators, review committees, and others concerned about laboratory dogs.

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154

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309047447

ISBN 13

9780309047449

The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates

By: Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

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The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates

By: Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

A 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act requires those who keep nonhuman primates to develop and follow appropriate plans for promoting the animals' psychological well-being. The amendment, however, provides few specifics. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates recommends practical approaches to meeting those requirements. It focuses on what is known about the psychological needs of primates and makes suggestions for assessing and promoting their well-being. This volume examines the elements of an effective care program--social companionship, opportunities for species-typical activity, housing and sanitation, and daily care routines--and provides a helpful checklist for designing a plan for promoting psychological well-being. The book provides a wealth of specific and useful information about the psychological attributes and needs of the most widely used and exhibited nonhuman primates. Readable and well-organized, it will be welcomed by animal care and use committees, facilities administrators, enforcement inspectors, animal advocates, researchers, veterinarians, and caretakers.

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183

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030952072X

ISBN 13

9780309520720

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

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Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

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246

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154006

ISBN 13

9780309154000

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

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Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals

Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Regulatory Issues in Animal Care and Use

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131

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309072913

ISBN 13

9780309072915

Rodents

By: Committee on Rodents,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

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Rodents

By: Committee on Rodents,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,National Research Council

In the 15 years since the last Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources report on the general management of rodents was published, important advances in biomedical research and increased public awareness have created a new environment for animal research. Modern technology-such as insertion of functional genes from other species into mice or rats, elimination of a single selected gene or function in mice, and the re-creation of elements of the human immune system in mice-has greatly expanded the usefulness of rodents in drug development and as models of human diseases. The technologic requirements of such advanced systems have led to improved understanding and implementation of environmental requirements for the care and use of rodents in research. The intent of this report is to provide current information to laboratory animal scientists (including both animal-care technicians and veterinarians), investigators, research technicians, and administrators on general elements of rodent care and use that should be considered both for optimal design and conduct of research and to meet current standards of care and use.

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180

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309585775

ISBN 13

9780309585774

Rodents

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Rodents

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Rodents

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Rodents

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180

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309049369

ISBN 13

9780309049368

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,International Workshop on the Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care Program Committee

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The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care is the summary of an international workshop held in Washington, DC, in November 2003 to bring together experts from around the world to discuss the available knowledge that can positively influence current and pending guidelines for laboratory animal care, identify gaps in that knowledge in order to encourage future research endeavors, and discuss the scientific evidence that can be used to assess the benefits and costs of various regulatory approaches affecting facilities, research, and animal welfare.

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