Committee on Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop's Books

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop

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Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop

Permafrost is a thermal condition-its formation, persistence and disappearance are highly dependent on climate. General circulation models predict that, for a doubling of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, mean annual air temperatures may rise up to several degrees over much of the Arctic. In the discontinuous permafrost region, where ground temperatures are within 1-2 degrees of thawing, permafrost will likely ultimately disappear as a result of ground thermal changes associated with global climate warming. Where ground ice contents are high, permafrost degradation will have associated physical impacts. Permafrost thaw stands to have wide-ranging impacts, such as the draining and drying of the tundra, erosion of riverbanks and coastline, and destabilization of infrastructure (roads, airports, buildings, etc.), and including potential implications for ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the high latitudes. Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics is the summary of a workshop convened by the National Research Council to explore opportunities for using remote sensing to advance our understanding of permafrost status and trends and the impacts of permafrost change, especially on ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the high latitudes. The workshop brought together experts from the remote sensing community with permafrost and ecosystem scientists. The workshop discussions articulated gaps in current understanding and potential opportunities to harness remote sensing techniques to better understand permafrost, permafrost change, and implications for ecosystems in permafrost areas. This report addresses questions such as how remote sensing might be used in innovative ways, how it might enhance our ability to document long-term trends, and whether it is possible to integrate remote sensing products with the ground-based observations and assimilate them into advanced Arctic system models. Additionally, the report considers the expectations of the quality and spatial and temporal resolution possible through such approaches, and the prototype sensors that are available that could be used for detailed ground calibration of permafrost/high latitude carbon cycle studies.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309301246

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9780309301244

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop

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Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop

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171

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National Academies Press

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0309301246

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9780309301244

Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Workshop Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on the Earth System Science for Decisions About Human Welfare: Contributions of Remote Sensing

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Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Workshop Report

Land remote sensing: the use of space-based satellite technologies to obtain information on environmental variables such as land-use and land-covering combination with other types of data can provide information on changes in the Earth's surface and atmosphere that are critical for forecasting and responding to human welfare issues, such as disease outbreaks, food shortages, and floods. This book summarizes a workshop on the potential contributions of remotely sensed data to land-use and land-cover change and ways to use physical, biological, temporal, and social characteristics of particular locations to support decisions about human welfare. The discussions focused on human health and food security, two aspects of human welfare in which remotely-sensed environmental conditions play a key role. Examples illustrating the possibilities for applying remote sensing for societal benefit are included throughout the report. As a result of the workshop, three themes were identified that, if fostered, could help realize the potential for the application of land remote sensing to decisions about human welfare: (1) integration of spatial data on environmental conditions derived from remote sensing with socioeconomic data; (2) communication between remote sensing scientists and decision makers to determine effective use of land remote sensing data for human welfare issues; and (3) acquisition and access to long-term environmental data and development of capacity to interpret these data.

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112

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309102952

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9780309102957

Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Ocean Studies Board,Space Studies Board,Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization

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Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications

Over the past decade renewed interest in practical applications of Earth observations from space has coincided with and been fueled by significant improvements in the availability of remote sensing data and in their spectral and spatial resolution. In addition, advances in complementary spatial data technologies such as geographic information systems and the Global Positioning System have permitted more varied uses of the data. During the same period, the institutions that produce remote sensing data have also become more diversified. In the United States, satellite remote sensing was until recently dominated largely by federal agencies and their private sector contractors. However, private firms are increasingly playing a more prominent role, even a leadership role, in providing satellite remote sensing data, through either public-private partnerships or the establishment of commercial entities that serve both government and private sector Earth observation needs. In addition, a large number of private sector value-adding firms have been established to work with end users of the data. These changes, some technological, some institutional, and some financial, have implications for new and continuing uses of remote sensing data. To gather data for exploring the importance of these changes and their significance for a variety of issues related to the use of remote sensing data, the Space Studies Board initiated a series of three workshops. The first, "Moving Remote Sensing from Research to Applications: Case Studies of the Knowledge Transfer Process," was held in May 2000. This report draws on data and information obtained in the workshop planning meeting with agency sponsors, information presented by workshop speakers and in splinter group discussions, and the expertise and viewpoints of the authoring Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization. The recommendations are the consensus of the steering committee and not necessarily of the workshop participants.

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0309183391

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9780309183390

Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government

Information for Management and Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization

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Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government

Information for Management and Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization

Advances in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution over the past several years have greatly expanded opportunities for practical applications of remote sensing data. To explore the implications of these possibilities, the NRC held a series of three workshops on different facets of remote sensing applications. This report is on the third of those workshops: the development and use of remote sensing data and information by state, local, and regional governments. The steering committee was asked to examine the opportunities, potential challenges, and policy issues associated with the application of remote sensing data in the public sector including approaches and procedures for government agencies to use such data and barriers to development and use of the applications. The resulting report is addressed primarily to non-technical managers and decisions makers at all levels of government below the federal level.

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111

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309168325

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9780309168328

Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee for the Workshop on Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

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Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee for the Workshop on Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

The polar regions are experiencing rapid changes in climate. These changes are causing observable ecological impacts of various types and degrees of severity at all ecosystem levels, including society. Even larger changes and more significant impacts are anticipated. As species respond to changing environments over time, their interactions with the physical world and other organisms can also change. This chain of interactions can trigger cascades of impacts throughout entire ecosystems. Evaluating the interrelated physical, chemical, biological, and societal components of polar ecosystems is essential to understanding their vulnerability and resilience to climate forcing. The Polar Research Board (PRB) organized a workshop to address these issues. Experts gathered from a variety of disciplines with knowledge of both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Participants were challenged to consider what is currently known about climate change and polar ecosystems and to identify the next big questions in the field. A set of interdisciplinary "frontier questions" emerged from the workshop discussions as important topics to be addressed in the coming decades. To begin to address these questions, workshop participants discussed the need for holistic, interdisciplinary systems approach to understanding polar ecosystem responses to climate change. As an outcome of the workshop, participants brainstormed methods and technologies that are crucial to advance the understanding of polar ecosystems and to promote the next generation of polar research. These include new and emerging technologies, sustained long-term observations, data synthesis and management, and data dissemination and outreach.

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0309210879

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9780309210874

Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing

Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization

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Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing

Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization

The technical, scientific, policy, and institutional environment for conducting Earth science research has been changing rapidly over the past few decades. Changes in the technical environment are due both to the advent of new types and sources of remote sensing data, which have higher spatial and spectral resolution, and to the development of vastly expanded capabilities in data access, visualization, spatial data integration, and data management. The scientific environment is changing because of the strong emphasis on global change research, both nationally and internationally, and the evolving data requirements for that research. And the policy and institutional environment for the production of Earth observation data is changing with the diversification of both remote sensing data and the institutions that produce the data. In this report, the Space Studies Board's Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization explores the implications of this changing environment, examining the opportunities and challenges it presents.

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ISBN 10

0309085152

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9780309085151

Thriving on Our Changing Planet

A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space

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Thriving on Our Changing Planet

A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space

We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade.

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717

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0309467578

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9780309467575

Global Environmental Change

Research Pathways for the Next Decade

By: Committee on Global Change Research,Policy Division,Policy and Global Affairs,National Research Council

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Global Environmental Change

Research Pathways for the Next Decade

By: Committee on Global Change Research,Policy Division,Policy and Global Affairs,National Research Council

How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research efforts--supported by computer and satellite technology--have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses to--and forcing of--projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.

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622

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030951780X

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9780309517805

Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics,Committee on Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs

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Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs

Satellite remote sensing is the primary tool for measuring global changes in the land, ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere. Over the past three decades, active remote sensing technologies have enabled increasingly precise measurements of Earth processes, allowing new science questions to be asked and answered. As this measurement precision increases, so does the need for a precise geodetic infrastructure. Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs summarizes progress in maintaining and improving the geodetic infrastructure and identifies improvements to meet new science needs that were laid out in the 2018 report Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Focusing on sea-level change, the terrestrial water cycle, geological hazards, weather and climate, and ecosystems, this study examines the specific aspects of the geodetic infrastructure that need to be maintained or improved to help answer the science questions being considered.

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125

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309497817

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9780309497817

Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice

Challenges and Strategies

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Future of Arctic Sea Ice Research in Support of Seasonal to Decadal Prediction

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Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice

Challenges and Strategies

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Future of Arctic Sea Ice Research in Support of Seasonal to Decadal Prediction

Recent well documented reductions in the thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice cover, which can be linked to the warming climate, are affecting the global climate system and are also affecting the global economic system as marine access to the Arctic region and natural resource development increase. Satellite data show that during each of the past six summers, sea ice cover has shrunk to its smallest in three decades. The composition of the ice is also changing, now containing a higher fraction of thin first-year ice instead of thicker multi-year ice. Understanding and projecting future sea ice conditions is important to a growing number of stakeholders, including local populations, natural resource industries, fishing communities, commercial shippers, marine tourism operators, national security organizations, regulatory agencies, and the scientific research community. However, gaps in understanding the interactions between Arctic sea ice, oceans, and the atmosphere, along with an increasing rate of change in the nature and quantity of sea ice, is hampering accurate predictions. Although modeling has steadily improved, projections by every major modeling group failed to predict the record breaking drop in summer sea ice extent in September 2012. Establishing sustained communication between the user, modeling, and observation communities could help reveal gaps in understanding, help balance the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, and ensure that resources are allocated to address the most pressing sea ice data needs. Seasonal-to-Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice: Challenges and Strategies explores these topics.

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0309265290

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9780309265294

Wetlands

Characteristics and Boundaries

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Characterization of Wetlands

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Wetlands

Characteristics and Boundaries

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Characterization of Wetlands

Wetlands" has become a hot word in the current environmental debate. But what does it signify? In 1991, proposed changes in the legal definities of wetlands stirred controversy and focused attention on the scientific and economic aspects of their management. This volume explores how to define wetlands. The committeeâ€"whose members were drawn from academia, government, business, and the environmental communityâ€"builds a rational, scientific basis for delineating wetlands in the landscape and offers recommendations for further action. Wetlands also discusses the diverse hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands, and makes recommendations concerning so-called controversial areas such as permafrost wetlands, riparian ecosystems, irregularly flooded sites, and agricultural wetlands. It presents criteria for identifying wetlands and explores the problems of applying those criteria when there are seasonal changes in water levels. This comprehensive and practical volume will be of interest to environmental scientists and advocates, hydrologists, policymakers, regulators, faculty, researchers, and students of environmental studies.

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328

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0309176794

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9780309176798

A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030

Earth in Time

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Catalyzing Opportunities for Research in the Earth Sciences (CORES): A Decadal Survey for NSFâ¬"s Division of Earth Sciences

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A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030

Earth in Time

The Earth system functions and connects in unexpected ways - from the microscopic interactions of bacteria and rocks to the macro-scale processes that build and erode mountains and regulate Earth's climate. Efforts to study Earth's intertwined processes are made even more pertinent and urgent by the need to understand how the Earth can continue to sustain both civilization and the planet's biodiversity. A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030: Earth in Time provides recommendations to help the National Science Foundation plan and support the next decade of Earth science research, focusing on research priorities, infrastructure and facilities, and partnerships. This report presents a compelling and vibrant vision of the future of Earth science research.

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145

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0309676002

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9780309676007

Book's by Committee on Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Ecosystems: A Workshop

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics

Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications

Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications

Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government

Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government

Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing

Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing

Thriving on Our Changing Planet

Thriving on Our Changing Planet

Global Environmental Change

Global Environmental Change

Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs

Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs

Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice

Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice

Wetlands

Wetlands

A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030

A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030

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