Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity's Books

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Valuing Its Role in an Everchanging World

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity

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Perspectives on Biodiversity

Valuing Its Role in an Everchanging World

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity

Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions.

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166

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030906581X

ISBN 13

9780309065818

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Valuing Its Role in an Everchanging World

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity

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Perspectives on Biodiversity

Valuing Its Role in an Everchanging World

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity

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166

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030906581X

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9780309065818

Decision Making for the Environment

Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making

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Decision Making for the Environment

Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities

With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.

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297

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309095409

ISBN 13

9780309095402

The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Interim Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Animal Nutrition,Ad Hoc Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

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The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Interim Report

This is an interim report of the ad hoc Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations of the National Research Council's Committee on Animal Nutrition. A final report is expected to be issued by the end of 2002. The interim report is intended to provide the committee's findings to date on assessment of the scientific issues involved in estimating air emissions from individual animal feeding operations (swine, beef, dairy, and poultry) as related to current animal production systems and practices in the United States. The committee's final report will include an additional assessment within eight broad categories: industry size and structure, emission measurement methodology, mitigation technology and best management plans, short- and long-term research priorities, alternative approaches for estimating emissions, human health and environmental impacts, economic analyses, and other potential air emissions of concern. This interim report focuses on identifying the scientific criteria needed to ensure that estimates of air emission rates are accurate, the basis for these criteria in the scientific literature, and uncertainties associated with them. It also includes an assessment of the emission-estimating approaches in a recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations. Finally, it identifies economic criteria needed to assess emission mitigation techniques and best management practices.

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122

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030908461X

ISBN 13

9780309084611

Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making

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Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making

Federal agencies have taken steps to include the public in a wide range of environmental decisions. Although some form of public participation is often required by law, agencies usually have broad discretion about the extent of that involvement. Approaches vary widely, from holding public information-gathering meetings to forming advisory groups to actively including citizens in making and implementing decisions. Proponents of public participation argue that those who must live with the outcome of an environmental decision should have some influence on it. Critics maintain that public participation slows decision making and can lower its quality by including people unfamiliar with the science involved. This book concludes that, when done correctly, public participation improves the quality of federal agencies' decisions about the environment. Well-managed public involvement also increases the legitimacy of decisions in the eyes of those affected by them, which makes it more likely that the decisions will be implemented effectively. This book recommends that agencies recognize public participation as valuable to their objectives, not just as a formality required by the law. It details principles and approaches agencies can use to successfully involve the public.

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323

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309123984

ISBN 13

9780309123983

Managing Coal Combustion Residues in Mines

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Earth Resources,Committee on Mine Placement of Coal Combustion Wastes

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Managing Coal Combustion Residues in Mines

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Earth Resources,Committee on Mine Placement of Coal Combustion Wastes

Burning coal in electric utility plants produces, in addition to power, residues that contain constituents which may be harmful to the environment. The management of large volumes of coal combustion residues (CCRs) is a challenge for utilities, because they must either place the CCRs in landfills, surface impoundments, or mines, or find alternative uses for the material. This study focuses on the placement of CCRs in active and abandoned coal mines. The committee believes that placement of CCRs in mines as part of the reclamation process may be a viable option for the disposal of this material as long as the placement is properly planned and carried out in a manner that avoids significant adverse environmental and health impacts. This report discusses a variety of steps that are involved in planning and managing the use of CCRs as minefills, including an integrated process of CCR characterization and site characterization, management and engineering design of placement activities, and design and implementation of monitoring to reduce the risk of contamination moving from the mine site to the ambient environment. Enforceable federal standards are needed for the disposal of CCRs in minefills to ensure that states have adequate, explicit authority and that they implement minimum safeguards.

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273

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309100496

ISBN 13

9780309100496

Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands

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Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands

This book, the result of a congressionally mandated study, examines the adequacy of the regulatory framework for mining of hardrock mineralsâ€"such as gold, silver, copper, and uraniumâ€"on over 350 million acres of federal lands in the western United States. These lands are managed by two agenciesâ€"the Bureau of Land Management in the Department of the Interior, and the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture. The committee concludes that the complex network of state and federal laws that regulate hardrock mining on federal lands is generally effective in providing environmental protection, but improvements are needed in the way the laws are implemented and some regulatory gaps need to be addressed. The book makes specific recommendations for improvement, including: The development of an enhanced information management system and a more efficient process to review new mining proposals and issue permits. Changes to regulations that would require all mining operations, other than "casual use" activities that negligibly disturb the environment, to provide financial assurances for eventual site cleanup. Changes to regulations that would require all mining and milling operations (other than casual use) to submit operating plans in advance.

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259

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309172667

ISBN 13

9780309172660

Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Current Knowledge, Future Needs

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Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Current Knowledge, Future Needs

Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.

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287

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309087058

ISBN 13

9780309087056

Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan

A Critique of the Pilot Projects and Related Plans for ASR in the Lake Okeechobee and Western Hillsboro Areas

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem

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Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan

A Critique of the Pilot Projects and Related Plans for ASR in the Lake Okeechobee and Western Hillsboro Areas

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a process by which water is recharged through wells to an aquifer and extracted for beneficial use at some later time from the same wells. ASR is proposed as a major water storage component in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), developed jointly by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). The plan would use the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) to store as much as 1.7 billion gallons per day (gpd) (6.3 million m3/day) of excess surface water and shallow groundwater during wet periods for recovery during seasonal or longer-term dry periods, using about 333 wells. ASR represents about one-fifth of the total estimated cost of the CERP. Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan examines pilot project from the perspective of adaptive assessment, i.e., the extent to which the pilot projects will contribute to process understanding that can improve design and implementation of restoration project components. This report is a critique of the pilot projects and related studies.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309171202

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9780309171205

Halting Biodiversity Loss

Thirteenth Report of Session 2007-08; Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environmental Audit Committee

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Halting Biodiversity Loss

Thirteenth Report of Session 2007-08; Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environmental Audit Committee

This is the thirteenth report from the Environmental Audit Committee of the 2007-08 session (HCP 743, ISBN 9780215524843). The Committee states, that the Government will fail to meet the 2010 traget to halt biodiversity loss, although the target might have been unrealistic. The Committee does see some progress, with 80% of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSIs) in a favourable condition, with a number of rare species having recovered. In general though, biodiversity loss continues in the wider countryside with many species and habitats facing severe declines and local extinctions. The Committee does believe though that with leadership and effective policies, biodiversity loss could in fact be reversed, and states the Government should adopt a new target to halt the loss. Biodiversity policies need to be cross-departmental, and the Government's ecosystem assessment is a way forward, by encouraging such an approach and promoting biodiversity protection at the regional and local scales. The Committee further states that the Government could make a large contribution in preventing biodiversity loss through more support for the UK Overseas Territories.

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224

Publisher

The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215524845

ISBN 13

9780215524843

Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base

By: National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

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Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base

Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.

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945

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309043867

ISBN 13

9780309043861

Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels

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Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States

Biofuels made from algae are gaining attention as a domestic source of renewable fuel. However, with current technologies, scaling up production of algal biofuels to meet even 5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel needs could create unsustainable demands for energy, water, and nutrient resources. Continued research and development could yield innovations to address these challenges, but determining if algal biofuel is a viable fuel alternative will involve comparing the environmental, economic and social impacts of algal biofuel production and use to those associated with petroleum-based fuels and other fuel sources. Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels was produced at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy.

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247

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309260329

ISBN 13

9780309260329

Valuing Climate Damages

Updating Estimation of the Social Cost of Carbon Dioxide

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon

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Valuing Climate Damages

Updating Estimation of the Social Cost of Carbon Dioxide

The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.

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281

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309454204

ISBN 13

9780309454209

New Directions in Water Resources Planning for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee to Assess the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Project Planning Procedures

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New Directions in Water Resources Planning for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has long been one of the federal government's key agencies in planning the uses of the nation's waterways and water resources. Though responsible for a range of water-related programs, the Corps's two traditional programs have been flood damage reduction and navigation enhancement. The water resource needs of the nation, however, have for decades been shifting away from engineered control of watersheds toward restoration of ecosystem services and natural hydrologic variability. In response to these shifting needs, legislation was enacted in 1990 which initiated the Corps's involvement in ecological restoration, which is now on par with the Corps's traditional flood damage reduction and navigation roles. This book provides an analysis of the Corps's efforts in ecological restoration, and provides broader recommendations on how the corps might streamline their planning process. It also assesses the impacts of federal legislation on the Corps planning and projects, and provides recommendations on how relevant federal policies might be altered in order to improve Corps planning. Another important shift affecting the Corps has been federal cost-sharing arrangements (enacted in 1986), mandating greater financial participation in Corps water projects by local co-sponsors. The book describes how this has affected the Corps-sponsor relationship, and comments upon how each group must adjust to new planning and political realities.

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121

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030917404X

ISBN 13

9780309174046

A Biological Survey for the Nation

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Formation of the National Biological Survey

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A Biological Survey for the Nation

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Formation of the National Biological Survey

Our country has long recognized the importance of its biological resources but we often lack sufficient scientific knowledge to make wise decisions. This realization has led to calls for new ways of providing this information, including the formation of a national biological survey. This volume discusses key issues and problems for which an improved assessment of the nation's biological resources is needed; the kinds of efforts in research and information management needed to create that assessment; and how government, private organizations, and individuals can work together to meet the needs identified. Policymakers, resource managers, public interest groups, and researchers will find this book useful as they participate in the national dialogue on this topic and take actions to implement the needed survey activities.

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Page Count

226

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309049849

ISBN 13

9780309049849

Book's by Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Decision Making for the Environment

Decision Making for the Environment

The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making

Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making

Managing Coal Combustion Residues in Mines

Managing Coal Combustion Residues in Mines

Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands

Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands

Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations

Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan

Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan

Halting Biodiversity Loss

Halting Biodiversity Loss

Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States

Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States

Valuing Climate Damages

Valuing Climate Damages

New Directions in Water Resources Planning for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

New Directions in Water Resources Planning for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

A Biological Survey for the Nation

A Biological Survey for the Nation

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