Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel's Books

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel

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Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel

The U.S. Army Health Risk Appraisal group surveyed 400,000 active duty U.S. Army personnel in the late 1990s to determine whether or not those personnel met the dietary objectives of Healthy People 2000 (HP2000), a national agenda for health promotion and disease prevention. As reported by Yore et al. (2000), Army personnel generally did not meet the HP2000 goals for nutrition even though significant progress had been made during 1991-1998. Although the specific aspects of diet that would be relevant to this Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel are lacking, the findings from this survey suggest that there are dietary problems in the military population. The potential for adverse effects of marginal mineral deficiencies among soldiers engaged in training or military operations and the prospect of improving military performance through mineral intakes have spurred the military's interest in this area of nutrition. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel provides background information on the current knowledge regarding soldiers' eating behaviors as well as on the physical and mental stress caused by military garrison training or operations. This report also offers facts on the mineral content of rations and its intake by military personnel and addresses the potential effects of nutrient deficiencies due to inadequate intake or higher requirements during military operations. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel provides information and recommendations on the development and uses of MDRIs and a description of strategies to increase intake of specific minerals, whether via usual foods, fortification, or supplementation. This report features a description of the metabolism and needs for selected minerals by military personnel under garrison training, recommendations on mineral intake levels, and an assessment of mineral level adequacy in operational rations. This report also includes a prioritization of the research needed to answer information gaps and details of study designs required to gain such information.

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512

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309101263

ISBN 13

9780309101264

Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance

Formulations for Military Operations

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research

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Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance

Formulations for Military Operations

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research

This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

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Page Count

172

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309082587

ISBN 13

9780309082587

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel

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Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel

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512

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309180082

ISBN 13

9780309180085

Use of Dietary Supplements by Military Personnel

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Dietary Supplement Use by Military Personnel

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Use of Dietary Supplements by Military Personnel

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Dietary Supplement Use by Military Personnel

Dietary supplements are widely available through a rapidly expanding market of products commonly advertised as beneficial for health, performance enhancement, and disease prevention. Given the importance and frequent evaluation of physical performance and health as a criteria to join and remain in the military, the use of these products by military personnel has raised concern regarding over-all and long-term efficacy and safety. This evaluation is especially difficult, as many of these supplements contain multiple ingredients, have a changing composition over time, or are used intermittently at doses difficult to measure. This book analyzes the patterns of dietary supplement use among military personnel, examines published reviews of the scientific evidence, and identifies those dietary supplements that are beneficial and/or warrant concern due to risks to health or performance. The book also recommends a system to monitor adverse health effects and a framework to identify the need for active management of dietary supplements by military personnel. Military policy makers, personnel, and recruits will find this book useful, as will nutritionists, athletes, and others working in strenuous environments.

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474

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309177650

ISBN 13

9780309177658

Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury

Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain

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Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury

Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.

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444

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309210089

ISBN 13

9780309210089

Assessing Fitness for Military Enlistment

Physical, Medical, and Mental Health Standards

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Youth Population and Military Recruitment: Physical, Medical, and Mental Health Standards

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Assessing Fitness for Military Enlistment

Physical, Medical, and Mental Health Standards

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) faces short-term and long-term challenges in selecting and recruiting an enlisted force to meet personnel requirements associated with diverse and changing missions. The DoD has established standards for aptitudes/abilities, medical conditions, and physical fitness to be used in selecting recruits who are most likely to succeed in their jobs and complete the first term of service (generally 36 months). In 1999, the Committee on the Youth Population and Military Recruitment was established by the National Research Council (NRC) in response to a request from the DoD. One focus of the committee's work was to examine trends in the youth population relative to the needs of the military and the standards used to screen applicants to meet these needs. When the committee began its work in 1999, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force had recently experienced recruiting shortfalls. By the early 2000s, all the Services were meeting their goals; however, in the first half of calendar year 2005, both the Army and the Marine Corps experienced recruiting difficulties and, in some months, shortfalls. When recruiting goals are not being met, scientific guidance is needed to inform policy decisions regarding the advisability of lowering standards and the impact of any change on training time and cost, job performance, attrition, and the health of the force. Assessing Fitness for Military Enlistment examines the current physical, medical, and mental health standards for military enlistment in light of (1) trends in the physical condition of the youth population; (2) medical advances for treating certain conditions, as well as knowledge of the typical course of chronic conditions as young people reach adulthood; (3) the role of basic training in physical conditioning; (4) the physical demands and working conditions of various jobs in today's military services; and (5) the measures that are used by the Services to characterize an individual's physical condition. The focus is on the enlistment of 18- to 24-year-olds and their first term of service.

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264

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309164877

ISBN 13

9780309164870

Assessing Readiness in Military Women

The Relationship of Body, Composition, Nutrition, and Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women

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Assessing Readiness in Military Women

The Relationship of Body, Composition, Nutrition, and Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women

U.S. military personnel are required to adhere to standards of body composition, fitness, and appearance to achieve and maintain readinessâ€"that is, the maintenance of optimum health and performance so they are ready for deployment at any moment. In 1992, the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviewed the existing standards and found, among other things, that the standards for body composition required for women to achieve an appearance goal seemed to conflict with those necessary to ensure the ability to perform many types of military tasks. This report addresses that conflict, and reviews and makes recommendations about current policies governing body composition and fitness, as well as postpartum return-to-duty standards, Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, and physical activity and nutritional practices of military women to determine their individual and collective impact on the health, fitness, and readiness of active-duty women.

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368

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309174090

ISBN 13

9780309174091

Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments

Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research

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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments

Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research

This volume examines the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of a hot environment on nutrient requirements of military personnel. A parallel concern is ensuring that performance does not decline as a result of inadequate nutrition. The committee provides a thorough review of the literature in this area and interprets the diverse data in terms of military applications. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in hot climates, the committee considers factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall calories. Although concern for adequate nutrition for U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia prompted the initiation of this project, its scope includes the nutrient needs of individuals who may be actively working in both hot-dry and hot-moist climates.

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393

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048400

ISBN 13

9780309048408

Weight Management

State of the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Subcommittee on Military Weight Management

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Weight Management

State of the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Subcommittee on Military Weight Management

The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.

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277

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089964

ISBN 13

9780309089968

Monitoring Metabolic Status

Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Committee on Metabolic Monitoring for Military Field Applications

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Monitoring Metabolic Status

Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Committee on Metabolic Monitoring for Military Field Applications

The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.

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Page Count

468

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030916611X

ISBN 13

9780309166119

Book's by Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance

Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel

Use of Dietary Supplements by Military Personnel

Use of Dietary Supplements by Military Personnel

Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury

Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury

Assessing Fitness for Military Enlistment

Assessing Fitness for Military Enlistment

Assessing Readiness in Military Women

Assessing Readiness in Military Women

Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments

Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments

Weight Management

Weight Management

Monitoring Metabolic Status

Monitoring Metabolic Status

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