Committee on Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium's Books

Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

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Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

This book is the product of a congressionally mandated study to examine the feasibility of eliminating the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU2) in reactor fuel, reactor targets, and medical isotope production facilities. The book focuses primarily on the use of HEU for the production of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), whose decay product, technetium-99m3 (Tc-99m), is used in the majority of medical diagnostic imaging procedures in the United States, and secondarily on the use of HEU for research and test reactor fuel. The supply of Mo-99 in the U.S. is likely to be unreliable until newer production sources come online. The reliability of the current supply system is an important medical isotope concern; this book concludes that achieving a cost difference of less than 10 percent in facilities that will need to convert from HEU- to LEU-based Mo-99 production is much less important than is reliability of supply.

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Page Count

220

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309130395

ISBN 13

9780309130394

Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

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Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium

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221

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309141095

ISBN 13

9780309141093

Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Current Status of and Progress Toward Eliminating Highly Enriched Uranium Use in Fuel for Civilian Research and Test Reactors

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Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors

The continued presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian installations such as research reactors poses a threat to national and international security. Minimization, and ultimately elimination, of HEU in civilian research reactors worldwide has been a goal of U.S. policy and programs since 1978. Today, 74 civilian research reactors around the world, including 8 in the United States, use or are planning to use HEU fuel. Since the last National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on this topic in 2009, 28 reactors have been either shut down or converted from HEU to low enriched uranium fuel. Despite this progress, the large number of remaining HEU-fueled reactors demonstrates that an HEU minimization program continues to be needed on a worldwide scale. Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors assesses the status of and progress toward eliminating the worldwide use of HEU fuel in civilian research and test reactors.

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Page Count

205

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309379180

ISBN 13

9780309379182

Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on State of Molybdenum-99 Production and Utilization and Progress Toward Eliminating Use of Highly Enriched Uranium

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Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging

The decay product of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and associated medical isotopes iodine-131 (I-131) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) are used worldwide for medical diagnostic imaging or therapy. The United States consumes about half of the world's supply of Mo-99, but there has been no domestic (i.e., U.S.-based) production of this isotope since the late 1980s. The United States imports Mo-99 for domestic use from Australia, Canada, Europe, and South Africa. Mo-99 and Tc-99m cannot be stockpiled for use because of their short half-lives. Consequently, they must be routinely produced and delivered to medical imaging centers. Almost all Mo-99 for medical use is produced by irradiating highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets in research reactors, several of which are over 50 years old and are approaching the end of their operating lives. Unanticipated and extended shutdowns of some of these old reactors have resulted in severe Mo-99 supply shortages in the United States and other countries. Some of these shortages have disrupted the delivery of medical care. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging examines the production and utilization of Mo-99 and associated medical isotopes, and provides recommendations for medical use.

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