Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites's Books

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Environmental Management Science Program

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites

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Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Environmental Management Science Program

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 400 million liters (100 million gallons) of liquid high-level waste (HLW) stored in underground tanks and approximately 4,000 cubic meters of solid HLW stored in bins. The current DOE estimate of the cost of converting these liquid and solid wastes into stable forms for shipment to a geological repository exceeds $50 billion to be spent over several decades (DOE, 2000). The Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites was appointed by the National Research Council (NRC) to advise the Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP) on a long-term research agenda addressing the above problems related to HLW stored in tanks and bins at DOE sites.

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146

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309075653

ISBN 13

9780309075657

Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites

By: National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on the Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes

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Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites

By: National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on the Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes

It is now becoming clear that relatively few U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites will be cleaned up to the point where they can be released for unrestricted use. "Long-term stewardship" (activities to protect human health and the environment from hazards that may remain at its sites after cessation of remediation) will be required for over 100 of the 144 waste sites under DOE control (U.S. Department of Energy, 1999). After stabilizing wastes that remain on site and containing them as well as is feasible, DOE intends to rely on stewardship for as long as hazards persistâ€"in many cases, indefinitely. Physical containment barriers, the management systems upon which their long-term reliability depends, and institutional controls intended to prevent exposure of people and the environment to the remaining site hazards, will have to be maintained at some DOE sites for an indefinite period of time. The Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes finds that much regarding DOE's intended reliance on long-term stewardship is at this point problematic. The details of long-term stewardship planning are yet to be specified, the adequacy of funding is not assured, and there is no convincing evidence that institutional controls and other stewardship measures are reliable over the long term. Scientific understanding of the factors that govern the long-term behavior of residual contaminants in the environment is not adequate. Yet, the likelihood that institutional management measures will fail at some point is relatively high, underscoring the need to assure that decisions made in the near term are based on the best available science. Improving institutional capabilities can be expected to be every bit as difficult as improving scientific and technical ones, but without improved understanding of why and how institutions succeed and fail, the follow-through necessary to assure that long-term stewardship remains effective cannot reliably be counted on to occur. Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites examines the capabilities and limitations of the scientific, technical, and human and institutional systems that compose the measures that DOE expects to put into place at potentially hazardous, residually contaminated sites.

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179

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309071860

ISBN 13

9780309071864

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Management of Certain Radioactive Waste Streams Stored in Tanks at Three Department of Energy Sites

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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

DOE Tank Waste: How clean is clean enough? The U.S. Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy's (DOE's) plans for cleaning up defense-related radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at three sites: the Hanford Site in Washington State, the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and the Idaho National Laboratory. DOE plans to remove the waste from the tanks, separate out high-level radioactive waste to be shipped to an off-site geological repository, and dispose of the remaining lower-activity waste onsite. The report concludes that DOE's overall plan is workable, but some important challenges must be overcomeâ€"including the removal of residual waste from some tanks, especially at Hanford and Savannah River. The report recommends that DOE pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from tanks and how much to dispose of onsite. The report offers several other detailed recommendations to improve the technical soundness of DOE's tank cleanup plans.

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214

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309101700

ISBN 13

9780309101707

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Environmental Management Science Program

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Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Environmental Management Science Program

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146

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309075653

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9780309075657

End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States

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End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States

End Points for spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russian and the United States provides an analysis of the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in Russia and the United States, describing inventories, comparing approaches, and assessing the end-point options for storage and disposal of materials and wastes. The authoring committee finds that despite differences in philosophy about nuclear fuel cycles, Russia and the United States need similar kinds of facilities and face similar challenges, although in Russia many of the problems are worse and funding is less available. This book contains recommendations for immediate and near-term actions, for example, protecting and stabilizing materials that are security and safety hazards, actions for the longer term, such as developing more interim storage capacity and studying effects of deep injection, and areas for collaboration.

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153

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309087244

ISBN 13

9780309087247

Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites

Summary of a Workshop Series

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Best Practices for Risk-Informed Remedy Selection, Closure and Post-Closure of Contaminated Sites

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Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites

Summary of a Workshop Series

The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management's (EM) mission is the safe cleanup of sites associated with the government-led development of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy. While many of these legacy sites have completed cleanup, the largest and most complex sites have not been fully remediated. The cleanup of these sites is proceeding under legally enforceable agreements with timelines for hundreds of milestones. EM is reviewing alternative approaches to increase effectiveness and improve cost efficiencies of its cleanup activities, especially for sites that will have residual contamination when active cleanup is complete. This report is the summary of two workshops convened in October 2013 and January 2014 on best practices for risk-informed remedy selection, closure, and post-closure control of radioactive and chemically contaminated sites that present significant difficulty for remediation to unrestricted release. The workshop series aimed to explore best practices that promote effective, risk-informed decision making and future opportunities to improve remediation approaches and practices.In the Workshop #1 section of Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites, the report examines holistic approaches for remediating sites with multiple contaminant sources and post-closure uses, and approaches for incorporating a sustainability framework into decision making regarding site remediation, closure, and post-closure control. In Workshop #2, the report focuses on post-closure controls, assessment of long-term performance of site remedies, and best practices for risk-based remediation decisions.

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Page Count

203

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309303087

ISBN 13

9780309303088

Book's by Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites

Long-Term Institutional Management of U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States

End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States

Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites

Best Practices for Risk-Informed Decision Making Regarding Contaminated Sites

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