Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop's Books

Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Report of the Implementation Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop

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Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Report of the Implementation Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop

The International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 will be an internationally coordinated campaign of polar observations, research, and analysis that will further our understanding of physical and social processes in the polar regions, examine their globally-connected role in the climate system, and establish research infrastructure for the future. Within this context, the IPY will galvanize new and innovative observations and research while at the same time building on and enhancing existing relevant initiatives. It also will serve as a mechanism to attract and develop a new generation of scientists and engineers with the versatility to tackle complex global issues. In 2004, the National Academies' Polar Research Board organized a workshop to explore the challenges associated with these initiatives. Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008 summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309182379

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9780309182379

Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Report of the Implementation Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop

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Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Report of the Implementation Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309182379

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9780309182379

Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2007-2008

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2007-2008

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Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2007-2008

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2007-2008

International Polar Year 2007-2008 (IPY) was an intense, coordinated field campaign of observations, research, and analysis. It was the largest, most comprehensive campaign ever mounted to explore Earth's polar domains. Legacies and Lessons of the International Polar Year 2007-2008 summarizes how IPY engaged the public to communicate the relevance of polar research to the entire planet, strengthened connections with the Indigenous people of the Arctic, and established new observational networks. Legacies and Lessons of the International Polar Year 2007-2008 also addresses the objectives articulated for IPY in the 2004 National Research Council report, A Vision for International Polar Year (NRC, 2004). These objectives include: suggestions for scientific communities and agencies to use the IPY to initiate a sustained effort aimed at assessing large-scale environmental change and variability in the polar regions, the need to explore new scientific frontiers from the molecular to the planetary scale, investment in critical infrastructure and technology to guarantee that IPY 2007-2008 leaves enduring benefits for the nation and for the residents of northern regions, as well as increase public understanding of the importance of polar regions in the global system. Legacies and Lessons of the International Polar Year 2007-2008 explains how activities at both poles led to scientific discoveries that provided a step change in scientific understanding and helped translate scientific knowledge into policy-relevant information. At a time when the polar regions are undergoing a transformation from an icy wilderness to a new zone for human affairs, these insights could not be more timely or more relevant. From outreach activities that engaged the general public to projects that brought researchers from multiple disciplines and several nations together, the legacies of IPY extend far beyond the scientific results achieved, and valuable lessons learned from the process will guide future endeavors of similar magnitude.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309252032

ISBN 13

9780309252034

Analysis of Global Change Assessments

Lessons Learned

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Analysis of Global Change Assessments

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Analysis of Global Change Assessments

Lessons Learned

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Analysis of Global Change Assessments

Global change assessments inform decision makers about the scientific underpinnings of a range of environmental issues, such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity. Dozens of assessments have been conducted to date by various U.S. and international groups, many of them influencing public policies, technology development, and research directions. This report analyzes strengths and weaknesses of eight past assessments to inform future efforts. Common elements of effective assessments include strong leadership, extensive engagement with interested and affected parties, a transparent science-policy interface, and well defined communication strategies. The report identifies 11 essential elements of effective assessments and recommends that future assessments include decision support tools that make use of information at the regional and local level where decisions are made.

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196

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309179122

ISBN 13

9780309179126

Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product on Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee to Review the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product on Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere

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Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product on Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere

The U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), established in 2002 to coordinate climate and global change research conducted in the United States and to support decision-making on climate-related issues, is producing twenty-one synthesis and assessment reports that address its research, observation, and decision-support needs. The first report, produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in coordination with other agencies, focuses on understanding reported differences between independently produced data sets of temperature trends for the surface through the lower stratosphere and comparing these data sets to model simulations. To ensure credibility and quality, NOAA asked the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of the report. The committee concluded that the report Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Understanding and Reconciling Differences is a good first draft that covers an appropriate range of issues, but that it could be strengthened in a number of ways.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309181828

ISBN 13

9780309181822

Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program

Methods and Preliminary Results

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on Strategic Advice on the U.S. Climate Change Science Program

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Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program

Methods and Preliminary Results

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on Strategic Advice on the U.S. Climate Change Science Program

The U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) coordinates the efforts of 13 federal agencies to understand why climate is changing, to improve predictions about how it will change in the future, and to use that information to assess impacts on human systems and ecosystems and to better support decision making. Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program is the first review of the CCSP's progress since the program was established in 2002. It lays out a method for evaluating the CCSP, and uses that method to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the entire program and to identify areas where progress has not met expectations. The committee found that the program has made good progress in documenting and understanding temperature trends and related environmental changes on a global scale, as well as in understanding the influence of human activities on these observed changes. The ability to predict future climate changes also has improved, but efforts to understand the impacts of such changes on society and analyze mitigation and adaptation strategies are still relatively immature. The program also has not met expectations in supporting decision making, studying regional impacts, and communicating with a wider group of stakeholders.

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178

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309108268

ISBN 13

9780309108263

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean remains one of the world's last frontiers. Covering nearly 14 million km² (an area approximately 1.4 times the size of the United States), Antarctica is the coldest, driest, highest, and windiest continent on Earth. While it is challenging to live and work in this extreme environment, this region offers many opportunities for scientific research. Ever since the first humans set foot on Antarctica a little more than a century ago, the discoveries made there have advanced our scientific knowledge of the region, the world, and the Universe-but there is still much more to learn. However, conducting scientific research in the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctica is profoundly challenging. Substantial resources are needed to establish and maintain the infrastructure needed to provide heat, light, transportation, and drinking water, while at the same time minimizing pollution of the environment and ensuring the safety of researchers. Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean suggests actions for the United States to achieve success for the next generation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean science. The report highlights important areas of research by encapsulating each into a single, overarching question. The questions fall into two broad themes: (1) those related to global change, and (2) those related to fundamental discoveries. In addition, the report identified key science questions that will drive research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in coming decades, and highlighted opportunities to be leveraged to sustain and improve the U.S. research efforts in the region.

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212

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309214696

ISBN 13

9780309214698

Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments

Environmental and Scientific Stewardship

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments

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Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments

Environmental and Scientific Stewardship

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments

Antarctica is renowned for its extreme cold; yet surprisingly, radar measurements have revealed a vast network of lakes, rivers, and streams several kilometers beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Sealed from Earth's atmosphere for millions of years, they may provide vital information about microbial evolution, the past climate of the Antarctic, and the formation of ice sheets, among other things. The next stage of exploration requires direct sampling of these aquatic systems. However, if sampling is not done cautiously, the environmental integrity and scientific value of these environments could be compromised. At the request of the National Science Foundation, this National Research Council assesses what is needed to responsibly explore subglacial lakes. Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments concludes that it is time for research on subglacial lakes to begin, and this research should be guided by internationally agreed upon protocols. The book suggests an initial protocol, which includes full characterization of the lakes by remote sensing, and minimum standards for biological and other types of contamination.

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162

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309179246

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9780309179249

Book's by Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop

Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2007-2008

Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2007-2008

Analysis of Global Change Assessments

Analysis of Global Change Assessments

Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product on Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere

Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product on Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere

Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program

Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments

Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments

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