Committee on Gulf War and Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009's Books

Gulf War and Health

Volume 8: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 8: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009

For the United States, the 1991 Persian Gulf War was a brief and successful military operation with few injuries and deaths. However, soon after returning from duty, a large number of veterans began reporting health problems they believed were associated with their service in the Gulf. At the request of Congress, the IOM is conducting an ongoing review of the evidence to determine veterans' long-term health problems and what might be causing those problems. The fourth volume in the series, released in 2006, summarizes the long-term health problems seen in Gulf War veterans. In 2008, the IOM began an update to look at existing health problems and identify possible new ones, considering evidence collected since the initial summary. In this report, the IOM determines that Gulf War service causes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and that service is associated with multisymptom illness; gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome; alcohol and other substance abuse; and anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders. To ensure that our veterans receive the best possible care, now and in the future, the government should continue to monitor their health and conduct research to identify the best treatments to assist Gulf War veterans still suffering from persistent, unexplained illnesses.

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319

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030915765X

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9780309157650

Gulf War and Health

Volume 8: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 8: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009

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318

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309149215

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9780309149211

Gulf War and Health

Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health, Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

For the United States, the 1991 Persian Gulf War was a brief and successful military operation with few injuries and deaths. However, soon after returning from duty, a large number of veterans began reporting health problems they believed were associated with their service in the Gulf. At the request of Congress, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has been conducting an ongoing review of the evidence to determine veterans' long-term health problems and potential causes. Some of the health effects identified by past reports include post-traumatic stress disorders, other mental health disorders, Gulf War illness, respiratory effects, and self-reported sexual dysfunction. Veterans' concerns regarding the impacts of deployment-related exposures on their health have grown to include potential adverse effects on the health of their children and grandchildren. These concerns now increasingly involve female veterans, as more women join the military and are deployed to war zones and areas that pose potential hazards. Gulf War and Health: Volume 11 evaluates the scientific and medical literature on reproductive and developmental effects and health outcomes associated with Gulf War and Post-9/11 exposures, and designates research areas requiring further scientific study on potential health effects in the descendants of veterans of any era.

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519

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030947826X

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9780309478267

Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations

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Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations

More than 3.7 million U.S. service members have participated in operations taking place in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations since 1990. These operations include the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, a post-war stabilization period spanning 1992 through September 2001, and the campaigns undertaken in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks. Deployment to Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Afghanistan exposed service members to a number of airborne hazards, including oil-well fire smoke, emissions from open burn pits, dust and sand suspended in the air, and exhaust from diesel vehicles. The effects of these were compounded by stressors like excessive heat and noise that are inevitable attributes of service in a combat environment. Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations reviews the scientific evidence regarding respiratory health outcomes in veterans of the Southwest Asia conflicts and identifies research that could feasibly be conducted to address outstanding questions and generate answers, newly emerging technologies that could aid in these efforts, and organizations that the Veterans Administration might partner with to accomplish this work.

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271

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309679109

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9780309679107

Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan

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Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan

Many veterans returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have health problems they believe are related to their exposure to the smoke from the burning of waste in open-air "burn pits" on military bases. Particular controversy surrounds the burn pit used to dispose of solid waste at Joint Base Balad in Iraq, which burned up to 200 tons of waste per day in 2007. The Department of Veterans Affairs asked the IOM to form a committee to determine the long-term health effects from exposure to these burn pits. Insufficient evidence prevented the IOM committee from developing firm conclusions. This report, therefore, recommends that, along with more efficient data-gathering methods, a study be conducted that would evaluate the health status of service members from their time of deployment over many years to determine their incidence of chronic diseases.

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192

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National Academies Press

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0309217555

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9780309217552

Gulf War and Health

Volume 4: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: A Review of the Medical Literature Relative to the Gulf War Veterans' Health

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 4: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: A Review of the Medical Literature Relative to the Gulf War Veterans' Health

In 1998, in response to the growing concerns that many returning Gulf War veterans began reporting numerous health problems that they believed to be associated with their service in the Persian Gulf, Congress passed two laws which directed the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to enter into a contract with the National Academy of Sciences. They were tasked to review and evaluate the scientific and medical literature regarding associations between illness and exposure to toxic agents, environmental or wartime hazards, and preventive medicines or vaccines associated with Gulf War service. In addition, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences provided conclusions to these studies that were considered when making decisions about compensation to veterans. Gulf War and Health Volume 4: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War summarizes in one place the current status of health effects in veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf irrespective of exposure information. This book reviews, evaluates, and summarizes both peer-reviewed scientific and medical literature addressing the health status of Gulf War veterans.

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292

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309164567

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9780309164566

Gulf War and Health

Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health, Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016

For the United States, the 1991 Persian Gulf War was a brief and successful military operation with few injuries and deaths. However, soon after returning from duty, a large number of veterans began reporting health problems they believed were associated with their service in the Gulf. At the request of Congress, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has been conducting an ongoing review of the evidence to determine veterans' long-term health problems and potential causes. The fourth volume in the series, released in 2006, summarizes the long-term health problems seen in Gulf War veterans. In 2010, the IOM released an update that focuses on existing health problems and identifies possible new ones, considering evidence collected since the initial summary. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10 is an update of the scientific and medical literature on the health effects associated with deployment to the Gulf War that were identified in Volumes 4 and 8. This report reviews and evaluates the associations between illness and exposure to toxic agents, environmental or wartime hazards, or preventive measures and vaccines associated with Gulf War service, and provides recommendations for future research efforts on Gulf War veterans.

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293

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309380448

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9780309380447

Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War

Recommendations for Research and Information Systems

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War

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Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War

Recommendations for Research and Information Systems

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War

In January 1995 the Institute of Medicine released a preliminary report containing initial findings and recommendations on the federal government's response to reports by some veterans and their families that they were suffering from illnesses related to military service in the Persian Gulf War. The committee was asked to review the government's means of collecting and maintaining information for assessing the health consequences of military service and to recommend improvements and epidemiological studies if warranted. This new volume reflects an additional year of study by the committee and the full results of its three-year effort.

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205

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309175526

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9780309175524

Gulf War and Health

Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War

For the United States, the 1991 Persian Gulf War was a brief and successful military operation with few injuries and deaths. However, soon after returning from duty, a large number of veterans began reporting health problems they believed were associated with their service in the Gulf. At the request of Congress, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has been conducting an ongoing review of the evidence to determine veterans' long-term health problems and potential causes. Some of the health effects identified by past reports include post-traumatic stress disorders, other mental health disorders, Gulf War illness, respiratory effects, and self-reported sexual dysfunction. Veterans' concerns regarding the impacts of deployment-related exposures on their health have grown to include potential adverse effects on the health of their children and grandchildren. These concerns now increasingly involve female veterans, as more women join the military and are deployed to war zones and areas that pose potential hazards. Gulf War and Health: Volume 11 evaluates the scientific and medical literature on reproductive and developmental effects and health outcomes associated with Gulf War and Post-9/11 exposures, and designates research areas requiring further scientific study on potential health effects in the descendants of veterans of any era.

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519

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National Academies Press

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030947826X

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9780309478267

Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War

Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action

By: Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War,Institute of Medicine

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Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War

Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action

By: Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War,Institute of Medicine

This initial volume in an ongoing study of the potential health consequences of service during the Persian Gulf War responds to a request from Congress to determine whether actions taken to evaluate health effects have been appropriate. It reflects the committee's examination of health outcomes and related research efforts, women's health and reproductive health issues, infrastructure and procedures for data collection, health services influences, the role of psychiatric diagnosis, and a review of the activities of boards and coordinating groups, as well as how issues stemming from involvement in the Persian Gulf might be relevant for possible future conflicts. While the committee continues its full-length study of the problem, the recommendations in this volume are for actions it feels should be taken immediately.

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104

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309573505

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9780309573504

Gulf War Veterans

Measuring Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Measuring the Health of Gulf War Veterans

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Gulf War Veterans

Measuring Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Measuring the Health of Gulf War Veterans

Many individuals, groups, and federal agencies have a strong interest in finding answers to the numerous and complex questions regarding the health of Gulf War veterans. Various types of research and health measurement are needed to address these diverse issues. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) was asked by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) to undertake a study to identify important questions concerning the health of Gulf War veterans and then to design a study to answer those questions. The committee determined that it is of fundamental importance to ask how healthy are Gulf War veterans? Are they as healthy as others? What characteristics are associated with differences between the health of Gulf War veterans and the health of others? To address these questions, it will be necessary to measure not only the health status of those who served in the Gulf War, but also to compare Gulf War veterans with other groups. Further, one must continue to follow these groups through time to determine whether the groups differ in the way their health status is changing. As the committee began to develop a design that would address the fundamental questions identified, it realized that such a study could have important implications for understanding not only the health of Gulf War veterans, but also the health of veterans of other conflicts.

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136

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309184193

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9780309184199

Gulf War and Health

Volume 6: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 6: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress

The sixth in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans' health, this volume evaluates the health effects associated with stress. Since the launch of Operation Desert Storm in 1991, there has been growing concern about the physical and psychological health of Gulf War and other veterans. In the late 1990s, Congress responded by asking the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to review and evaluate the scientific and medical literature regarding associations between illness and exposure to toxic agents, environmental or wartime hazards, and preventive medicines or vaccines in members of the armed forces who were exposed to such agents. Deployment to a war zone has a profound impact on the lives of troops and on their family members. There are a plethora of stressors associated with deployment, including constant vigilance against unexpected attack, difficulty distinguishing enemy combatants from civilians, concerns about survival, caring for the badly injured, and witnessing the death of a person. Less traumatic but more pervasive stressors include anxiety about home life, such as loss of a job and income, impacts on relationships, and absence from family. The focus of this report, by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress, is the long-term effects of deployment-related stress. Gulf War and Health: Volume 6. Physiologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Development Related Stress evaluates the scientific literature regarding association between deployment-related stressors and health effects, and provides meaningful recommendations to remedy this problem.

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358

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309177685

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9780309177689

Gulf War and Health

Volume 1. Depleted Uranium, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Sarin, and Vaccines

By: Committee on Health Effects Associated with Exposures During the Gulf War,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Institute of Medicine

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 1. Depleted Uranium, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Sarin, and Vaccines

By: Committee on Health Effects Associated with Exposures During the Gulf War,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Institute of Medicine

The men and women who served in the Gulf War theater were potentially exposed to a wide range of biological and chemical agents. Gulf War and Health: Volume 1 assesses the scientific literature concerning the association between these agents and the adverse health effects currently experienced by a large number of veterans.

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426

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309171628

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9780309171625

National Center for Military Deployment Health Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on a National Center on War-Related Illnesses and Postdeployment Health Issues

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National Center for Military Deployment Health Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on a National Center on War-Related Illnesses and Postdeployment Health Issues

Concerns about the health of veterans of recent military conflicts have given rise to broader questions regarding the health consequences of service in any major military engagement. The Veterans Program Enhancement Act of 1998 directed the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to help develop a plan for establishing' a national center (or centers) for the study of war-related illnesses and postdeployment health issues. In response to this legislation, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee of experts. The charge to the committee was to (1) assist the VA in developing a plan for establishing a national center (or centers) for the study of war-related illnesses and postdeployment health issues, and (2) assess preliminary VA plans and make recommendations regarding such efforts.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030918441X

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9780309184410

Gulf War Veterans

Treating Symptoms and Syndromes

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Identifying Effective Treatments for Gulf War Veterans' Health Problems

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Gulf War Veterans

Treating Symptoms and Syndromes

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Identifying Effective Treatments for Gulf War Veterans' Health Problems

Ten years after the end of the Gulf War, questions continue to be raised about the health of U.S. service personnel who fought in that war. A primary concern is whether Gulf War veterans are receiving effective treatments for their health problems. Section 105 of the Veterans Program Enhancement Act of 1998 mandates that the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) ask the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee that would identify a method for assessing treatment effectiveness and describe already-validated treatments for Gulf War veterans' health problems, including the problem of medically unexplained symptoms. The specific charge to the committee is to (1) identify and describe approaches for assessing treatment effectiveness; (2) identify illnesses and conditions among veterans of the Gulf War, using data obtained from the VA and the Department of Defense (DoD) Gulf War Registries, as well as information in published articles; and (3) for these identified conditions and illnesses, identify validated models of treatment (to the extent that such treatments exist), or identify new approaches, theories, or research on the management of patients with these conditions if validated treatment models are not available.

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162

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309170494

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9780309170499

Gulf War and Health

Updated Literature Review of Sarin

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Sarin

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Gulf War and Health

Updated Literature Review of Sarin

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Sarin

The Gulf War in 1990-1991 was considered a brief and successful military operation, with few injuries or deaths of US troops. The war began in August 1990, and the last US ground troops returned home by June 1991. Although most Gulf War veterans resumed their normal activities, many soon began reporting a variety of nonexplained health problems that they attributed to their participation in the Gulf War, including chronic fatigue, muscle and joint pain, loss of concentration, forgetfulness, headache, and rash. Because of concerns about the veterans' health problems, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) review the scientific and medical literature on the long-term adverse health effects of agents to which the Gulf War veterans may have been exposed. This report is a broad overview of the toxicology of sarin and cyclosarin. It assesses the biologic plausibility with respect to the compounds in question and health effects.

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132

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309165776

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9780309165778

Gulf War and Health

Volume 5. Infectious Diseases

By: Abigail E. Mitchell,Laura B. Sivitz,Robert E. Black,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Infectious Diseases

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Gulf War and Health

Volume 5. Infectious Diseases

By: Abigail E. Mitchell,Laura B. Sivitz,Robert E. Black,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases have been a problem for military personnel throughout history. The consequences in previous conflicts have ranged from frequent illnesses disrupting daily activities and readiness to widespread deaths. Preventive measures, early diagnosis, and treatment greatly limit the exposures and acute illnesses of troops today in comparison with those in armies of the past, but infections and consequent acute illnesses still occur.Thousands of US veterans of the Persian Gulf War have reported an array of unexplained illnesses since the war ended in 1991. Many veterans have believed that the illnesses were associated with their military service in southwest Asia during the war. This volume of Gulf War and Health evaluates the scientific literature on chemical, biologic, and physical agents to which military personnel in the gulf were potentially exposed and possible long-term adverse health outcomes.

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248

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中国法制出版社

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ISBN 10

0309101069

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9780309101066

Protecting Those Who Serve

Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

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Protecting Those Who Serve

Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

Since the Gulf War ended in 1991, various constituencies, including a significant number of veterans, speculate that unidentified risk factors led to chronic, medically unexplained illnesses, and these constituencies challenge the depth of the military's commitment to protect the health of deployed troops. Despite general concurrence in findings to support these claims, few changes have been made at the field level. The most important recommendations remain unimplemented, despite the compelling rationale for urgent action. Protecting Those Who Serve illuminates these recommendations and government-developed plans that remain inactive due to a lack of authority within the Department of Defense, while describing the dangers that may result from failure to protect our forces in the field.

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112

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ISBN 10

0309073626

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9780309073622

Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Gulf War Veterans

Case Definitions Reexamined

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Development of a Consensus Case Definition for Chronic Multisymptom Illness in 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans

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Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Gulf War Veterans

Case Definitions Reexamined

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Development of a Consensus Case Definition for Chronic Multisymptom Illness in 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans

More than 2 decades have passed since the 1990-1991 conflict in the Persian Gulf. During the intervening years, many Gulf War veterans have experienced various unexplained symptoms that many associate with service in the gulf region, but no specific exposure has been definitively associated with symptoms. Numerous researchers have described the pattern of signs and symptoms found in deployed Gulf War veterans and noted that they report unexplained symptoms at higher rates than nondeployed veterans or veterans deployed elsewhere during the same period. Gulf War veterans have consistently shown a higher level of morbidity than the nondeployed, in some cases with severe and debilitating consequences. However, efforts to define a unique illness or syndrome in Gulf War veterans have failed, as have attempts to develop a uniformly accepted case definition. Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Gulf War Veterans is a comprehensive review of the available scientific and medical literature regarding symptoms for chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) among the 1991 Gulf War Veterans. This report evaluates and summarizes the literature in an effort to identify appropriate terminology to use in referring to CMI in Gulf War Veterans. While the report does not recommend one specific case definition over another, Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Gulf War Veterans does recommend the consideration of two case definitions on the basis of their concordance with the evidence and their ability to identify specific symptoms commonly reported by Gulf War veterans. This report recommends that the Department of Veterans Affairs use the term Gulf War illness rather than CMI. The report recommends that that the Department of Veterans Affairs, to the extent possible, systematically assess existing data to identify additional features of Gulf War illness, such as onset, duration, severity, frequency of symptoms, and exclusionary criteria to produce a more robust case definition.

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131

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309298768

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9780309298766

Gulf War and Health

Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness

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Gulf War and Health

Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness

Chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) is a serious condition that imposes an enormous burden of suffering on our nation's veterans. Veterans who have CMI often have physical symptoms (such as fatigue, joint and muscle pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms) and cognitive symptoms (such as memory difficulties). For the purposes of this report, the committee defined CMI as the presence of a spectrum of chronic symptoms experienced for 6 months or longer in at least two of six categories-fatigue, mood, and cognition, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurologic-that may overlap with but are not fully captured by known syndromes (such as CFS, fibromyalgia, and IBS) or other diagnoses. Despite considerable efforts by researchers in the United States and elsewhere, there is no consensus among physicians, researchers, and others as to the cause of CMI. There is a growing belief that no specific causal factor or agent will be identified. Many thousands of Gulf War veterans1 who have CMI live with sometimes debilitating symptoms and seek an effective way to manage their symptoms. Estimates of the numbers of 1991 Gulf War veterans who have CMI range from 175,000 to 250,000 (about 25-35% of the 1991 Gulf War veteran population), and there is evidence that CMI in 1991 Gulf War veterans may not resolve over time. Preliminary data suggest that CMI is occurring in veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars as well. In addition to summarizing the available scientific and medical literature regarding the best treatments for chronic multisymptom illness among Gulf War veterans, Gulf War and Health: Volume 9: Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness recommends how best to disseminate this information throughout the VA to improve the care and benefits provided to veterans, recommends additional scientific studies and research initiatives to resolve areas of continuing scientific uncertainty and recommends such legislative or administrative action as the IOM deems appropriate in light of the results of its review.

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243

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309278058

ISBN 13

9780309278058

Book's by Committee on Gulf War and Health: Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, Update 2009

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